Port and Harbor Engineering

Radianta TriatmadjaLecture note 5

Basin Design

Basin DesignResume of the 4th Lecture

Tidal constants

n

ii

ii T

tA1

2cos

Amplitude

Phase

Period

Phase : change with time and place

Amplitude : change with location but not with time

Period : Doesn’t change with time and location

N = 200, 9 are normally used

Most ImportantTidal Constants

• S2 • M2• O1• K1

MWL = Mean Water LevelHWL = High Water LevelLWL = Low Water LevelCDL = Chart Datum LevelCDL = MWL-Amplitude of (S2+M2+O1+K1)

40.Air Pelayaran Sebelah Barat Surabaya (Karang Jamuang)

0

4

8

12

16

20

24

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200

Time

Elev

asi

An Example of Water level Fluctuation

hours

dm

NeapSpring

Tidal Constant

Main lunar semi-diurnal componentMain Solar semi-diurnal componentLunar component due to monthly variation in moon’s distance from earth

Soli-lunar constituent due to changes in declination of sun and moon throughout their orbital cycle

Soli-lunar componentMain lunar diurnal componentMain solar diurnal component

Moon’s biweekly component

12.4212.0012.66

11.97

23,9325.8224.07

327.86

M2S2N2

K2

K1O1P1

123

4

56 7

8

Semi diurnal

Diurnal

Long period

RemarkPeriod(hrs)

Symbol

NoType of Tides

Ship : 8000 DWT

MSL = 0,0 ; Amplitude of S1 = 0.2; M2 = 0.3, O1 = 0.4 ; K1 =0.6.

Dredging 0.5; Sounding tolerance = 0.5, Sediment = 0.5 m

Volume of Dredging ?

CDL = 0.0- (0.2+0.3+0.4+0.6) = - 1.50 m

Draft = 8.0 m

Basin Depth = 8.0x 1.14= 9.1 m

Depth required for dredging = 9.1+1.5=10.6 m

Bottom level = -1.50 -10.6 = -12.10 m

Example

-2

-4

-6

-10

-15

-20

-0

Ship : 8000 DWT (2 ships maximum at a time) 1000 DWT (12 Ships at a time)

MSL = 0,0 ; Amplitude of S1 = 0.2; M2 = 0.3, O1 = 0.4 ; K1 =0.6

Volume of Dredging ?

1500 m

1000 m

200 m

Harbor

Size of Basin

Basin area should accommodate:• Space for Berthing (loading & unloading)• Space for ships anchored • Space for ships maneuver (Waterway

should be clear all time)

Size of Wharf and area of berthPassenger ships

1.22280230300001.21240198200001.23220179150001.23190154100001.2017014280001.2515012050001.211209930001.14100882000

LOB/LOALength Of Berth

Length of Ship (LOA)

Size (GT)

Average LOB/LOA = 1.21

Size of Wharf and area of berthCargo Ships

1.273302591000001.30280216500001.29240186300001.24170137100001.2716012680001.1913010950001.201109230001.2580641000

LOB/LOALength Of Berth

Length of Ship (LOA)

Size (DWT)

Average LOB/LOA = 1.25

Wharf and Pier

LOA LOA

LOB

Wharf and Pier

LOALOB

Example

• After some analysis it was found that the wharf should be able to serve 3 passanger ships at the same time. All of them are 3000 GT. How long is the total Wharf length?

Answer :According to table >> Each ships should

have 120 meter of berth. The total berthing space is 360 meters.

Area of Basin for Anchorage

L+4 D +145 mWind Velocity 30m/s

L+3 D +90 mWind Velocity 20m/sMooring during Storm

L+4.5D +25 mBad anchoring

L+4.5D Good anchoringMooring with 2 Anchors

L+6D+30 mBad anchoring

L +6DGood anchoringSwinging mooring

Offshore waiting or Cargo handling

RadiusSea bed, Soil, or Wind

Mooring TypeObjective

Area of Basin for Ship Maneuvering

Turning Basin• At least equals the area of circle with R

=1.5 L

Calmness of the Basin

0.7 ~ 1.5Very Large Vessel(> 50 000 GT)

0.5 meterIntermediate and Large Vessels

0.3 meterSmall Vessel( < 500 GT)

Maximum Wave Height (H33)

Size of Ship

Example

• The amplitude of M2, S2, O1 and K1 are 0.5 m, 0.3 m, 0.1 m and 0.2 m respectively.

What is the quay wall crown level for large ships?

Length of Berth

5015)1( nnLL OAPeLd P 2

)2/(3 edAb

ed

15 m 25 m

Lp

Size of Wharf and area of berthPassenger ships (one)

280240220190170150120100

Length Of Berth(OCDI)

1.0280230300000.96248198200000.96229179150000.93204154100000.8819214280000.8817012050000.801499930000.75133882000

LOB/LOA(OCDI/BT)

Length Of Berth(BT)

Length of Ship (LOA)

Size (GT)

Size of Wharf and area of berthPassenger ships (three ships)

840720660570510450360300

Length Of Berth

1.22770230300001.21674198200001.23617179150001.23542154100001.2050614280001.2544012050001.213779930001.14344882000

LOB/LOALength Of Berth (BT)

Length of Ship (LOA)

Size (GT)

0100200300400

500600700800900

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000

Gross Ton

Berth Length

OCDI

Example of Wharf

Crown Height of QuayWallsAbove HWL

0.5 ~ 1.5 m0.3 ~ 1.0 mFor Small ship (Draft < 4.5 m)

1.0 ~ 2.0 m0.5 ~ 1.5 mFor Large Ship (Draft > 4.5 m)

Tidal Range < 3.0 meter

Tidal Range >=3.0 meter

Crown Elevation

Problems of Appron Elevation

Floating Wharf

Width of Pier

LOALOB

B

Small Pier

Office Office

Small Passenger pier

Office

Water depth sufficient no dredging required

Space beteween ships35 – 50 m