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Post it. Pollutants are dangerous chemicals in the air are called pollutants. Name as many air pollutants as you can from last lesson. Extension: Circle those which could lead to acid rain. Hydrocarbons and fossil fuels. To develop an understanding of how air pollutants are produced. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Post itPollutants are dangerous chemicals in the air are called pollutants.
Name as many air pollutants as you can from last lesson.
Extension: Circle those which could lead to acid rain
Hydrocarbons and fossil fuels
To develop an understanding of how air pollutants are produced
Grade criteria Grade A* - Generate combustion reactions using balance symbol equations. Grade A – Summarise combustion reactions using word equations. Grade B – Explain how atoms are conserved during combustion reactions. Grade C – Identify hydrocarbons and fossil fuels by their molecular pictures Grade D –Define the terms ‘hydrocarbon’ and ‘fossil fuels’, giving examples of each
When a substance burns, it is said to combust.
A fuel is a substance that reacts with oxygen (combusts) to release useful energy.
Combustion, fuels and hydrocarbons
Many fractions obtained from crude oil are used as fuels because they contain hydrocarbons that burn easily and release a large amount of useful energy.
Combustion is a rapid reaction between a substance and oxygen that releases heat and light energy.
Hydrocarbons – What’s so good about them?
• Contain carbon and hydrogen atoms only• Can have different carbon chain lengths• Length of the chain determines the use• Crude oil is a mixture of lots and lots of
different hydrocarbons.
What are the products of thecomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon?
Plenty of air is needed to provide enough oxygen for a hydrocarbon fuel to burn completely.
oxygen carbon dioxidehydrocarbon + + water
The blue flame of a gas hob or a Bunsen burner is an example of complete combustion of a hydrocarbon (in this case, natural gas).
Complete combustion of hydrocarbons
Do you think that combustion is as simple as:
oxygen carbon dioxidehydrocarbon + + water
VCOP – What are particulates?
Consider your observations, which flame would it have been?
Grade criteria Grade A* - Generate combustion reactions using balance symbol equations. Grade A – Summarise combustion reactions using word equations. Grade B – Explain how atoms are conserved during combustion reactions. Grade C – Identify hydrocarbons and fossil fuels by their molecular pictures Grade D –Define the terms ‘hydrocarbon’ and ‘fossil fuels’, giving examples of each
Plenary: Methane bubbles
• What is a hydrocarbon? Name an example
• Give a general word equation for combustion
• Name a product of incomplete combustion? How is it harmful?
• Balance the equation
Homework
• Complete pages 20 – 23/24/25
For each answer below write as many questions as you can think of
I am the answer.... So I am the Question
Hydrocarbon
Acid rain
Nitrogen Monoxide
Combustion
Carbon Dioxide + Water
Crude oil
Explain why crude oil is an invaluable resource
• Know the origins of crude oil• Describe the process to separate
crude oil• Recognise the uses of the fractions of
crude oil
What genre of chemicals do you get?
Hydrocarbons – What’s so good about them?
• Contain carbon and hydrogen atoms only• Can have different carbon chain lengths• Length of the chain determines the use• Crude oil is a mixture of lots and lots of
different hydrocarbons.
Crude Oil
• Microscopic plants and animals die and fall to the sea bed• Layers of sand and mud form on top• Pressure and high temperature cause oil to form
How crude oil was formed
• Oil obtained by drilling
Explain why crude oil is an invaluable resource
• Know the origins of crude oil• Describe the process to separate
crude oil• Recognise the uses of the fractions of
crude oil
Heated Crude Oil
350o
C
40o
C
Fraction Boiling pt.
< 25oC
25 – 60oC
60 – 180oC
180 – 220oC
220 – 250oC
250 – 300oC
300 – 350oC
> 350oC
Average number of C atoms in chain
3
8
10
12
20
40
80
120
The Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil
Refinery gas
Petrol
Naptha
Kerosine
Diesel oil
Fuel oil
Lubricating oil
Bitumen
Explain why crude oil is an invaluable resource
• Know the origins of crude oil• Describe the process to separate
crude oil• Recognise the uses of the fractions of
crude oil
The Molymod challenge
• Rules Carbon atoms always make 4 bonds• Hydrogen atoms are smaller• Hydrogen atoms can only make one bond
Make the molecule methane (1 Carbon to 4 Hydrogens) Make the molecule propane (3 carbons to ? Hydrogens)Make the molecule hexane (? Carbons to 14 Hydrogens)
Match the hydrocarbon to its properties
Match the hydrocarbon to its properties
carbon monoxide
carbon dioxide
sulfur dioxide
nitrogen monoxide
nitrogen dioxide
water (hydrogen oxide)
formula CO SO2
carbon atoms
1
sulfur atoms
nitrogen atoms
hydrogen atoms
oxygen atoms
1
Complete the table
Extension: what is the word equation for combustion?