post- ww1 problems europe in the 1920s and 1930s
TRANSCRIPT
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Post- WW1 Problems
Europe in the 1920s and 1930s
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Political, Economic, Social Problems in Europe
• Political Problems – Collapse of Old Gov. Weak Democracies– Creation of new Countries Cultural Tensions/Displacements
• Economic Problems– No Industry/Agricultural Production– Impossible Reparations
• Social Problems– Returning Soldiers unable to be integrated back into society/ Disabled– Dealing with HUGE LOSS– Stagnant Population
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Purpose of the League of Nations
According to Woodrow Wilson:
KEEP THE WORLD SAFE FOR DEMOCRACY …
so to establish lasting peace.
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Failure of the League of Nations
• Pre. Harding knew US would never be a member of the League
• Secretary of State Hughes still wanted to do something to guarantee world peace
• Result:– Began efforts to create safeguards against future
wars– But efforts that would not hamper American interests
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2 Efforts to Maintain Lasting Peace
• Washington Conference - 1921
• Kellogg Briand Pact - 1928
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Washington Conference of 1921
• Goal: Keep the Peace particularly on the Water
• What it did:– Reduced Navies (warships, fleets, armaments)– Pledge to Continue Open Door Policy in China– US, GB, Japan, France promised to respect
each other’s Pacific territories
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Kellogg – Briand Pact of 1928
• French Foreign minister asked US to join an alliance against Germany
• US instead, proposed a treaty that 1. Outlawed war as an instrument of national policies2. Required nations to resolve their disputes by pacifist means
• 14 nations signed the agreement, 48 later joined
• No instruments of enforcement, rather relied on the “moral force” of countries.
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Failure of Treaty of Versailles
• “Failed to create a Just and Secure Peace”
– Germans felt blame for starting war was unfair
– Germans felt being stripped of German territory was unfair
– Russia mad at the carving away Russian land for creation of Poland, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia
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World STILL “Not Safe for Democracy”
After WW1, New Democratic Gov. emerged: Germany, Austria, Italy, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Romania,
Greece
All Lacked democratic traditions
New leaders failed to show citizens how democracy could improve their lives economically
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Treaty of Versailles did not allow war torn nations to rebuild, rather made them pay huge war debts
World STILL “Not Safe for Democracy”
All while dealing w/ depression, starvation, homelessness, unemployment
Countries Unable to Cope
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New Democracies Collapse
World STILL “Not Safe for Democracy”
Dictators seize power and throw out elected leaders.