posterior compartment of the thigh
DESCRIPTION
Posterior compartment of the thigh. Cutaneous innervation. Posterior compartment of the thigh the hamstrings. They have long course. They reach the ham (popliteal fossa). The hamstrings are:. biceps femoris semimembranosus semitendinosus + or - ischial part of the adductor magnus. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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They have long course.They reach the ham
(popliteal fossa)
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biceps femoris semimembranosus semitendinosus + or - ischial part of the
adductor magnus
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The muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh are innervated by the tibial (medial) part of the sciatic nerve
Except
The short head of the biceps is innervated by a branch of the common peroneal nerve.
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1. Extension of hip joint.2. Flexion of knee joint.3. semimembranous + semitendinosus: medial rotation of leg.4. Biceps femoris---lateral rotation of leg.
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MuscleMuscleOriginOriginInsertionInsertionNerveNerveSupplySupply
ActionAction
11--biceps biceps femorisfemoris,,
a-long heada-long head
b-short headb-short head
Low medialLow medial
Linea Linea asperaaspera
Head of Head of fibulafibula
(apex)(apex)
the tibial the tibial (medial)(medial)
Common Common peronealperoneal
Lateral Lateral rotation of rotation of legleg
22--semitendinossemitendinosusus
Low medialLow medialUpp part Upp part of med s of med s of tibiaof tibia
the tibial the tibial (medial) (medial) partpart
Medial Medial rotation of rotation of legleg
33--semimembrasemimembranosusnosus
Upp lateralUpp lateralBack of Back of med med condyle of condyle of tibiatibia
the tibial the tibial (medial) (medial) partpart
Medial Medial rotation of rotation of legleg
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thickest nerve in the body about 2cm in diameter L4, L5, S1, S2, and S3
Inside the pelvis Then leave through
greater sciatic Foramen, below piriformis.
Descends bet greater troc and ischial tuberosity.
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descend to reach popliteal fossa.
it divides into 2 terminal branches -Tibial Nerve (med popliteal) -Common peroneal nerve(lat popliteal).
Level of division is variable.
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1. Muscular:2. Articular:3. Terminal:
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1 -Muscular Branches
Long head of biceps femoris
Short head of biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Adductor Magnus (hamstring portion)
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2 -Articular Branches:
To the hip jointTo the knee joint
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3 -Terminal Branches:
Tibial Nerve
Common Peroneal
Nerve
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1. Motor loss: - paralysis of
hamstrings----weakness of flexion of knee.
- paralysis of muscles of leg- foot----flail foot, foot drop.
2. Sensory loss: on leg and foot
except medial side of leg and foot??
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When there's pressure on, or inflammation of, the nerve roots, there's usually a burning or electrical-type pain, which can be accompanied by tingling or numbness in the leg or foot.
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Definition. Boundaries.
Roof. Floor.
contents
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Sup medial : semitendinosus, semimembranosus.
Sup lateral: biceps femoris (B)
Inf medial: medial head of gastrocnemius (MG)
Inf lateral : lateral head of gastrocnemius (LG)+
Plantaris.
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Skin. Superficial fascia: -VEIN---short
saphenous vein. -Cutaneous
nerve---post cut n of thigh.
Deep fascia (popliteal fascia).
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1. Upper 1/3: popliteal surf of femur.
2. Middle 1/3: capsule of knee joint.
3. Lower 1/3: popliteus+its fascia.
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From superficial to deep:
• Tibial nerve • Common
peroneal nerve.• popliteal vein .• Popliteal artery. • Popliteal Lns.• Popliteal fat.
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Larger branch. L4,5,S1,2,3. Level of origin is
variable. Enters pop fossa
at upper angle. Leaves at lower
angle.
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Has a triple relation with the pop vessels:
1. Upp part: lateral to pop v.
2. midd part: crosses pop v.
3. Lower part: medial to pop v.
At distal border of popliteus---post tibial n
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Branches:1. Cutaneous: sural n:2. Muscular: To
gastrocnemius, plantaris,
soleus popliteus.
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3. Articular: Sup med inf med, middle genicular
n.
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Weakness of plantar flexion.
Weakness of inversion
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Only cutaneous branch of tibial n.
Accompanied by small saphenous v.
Between 2 heads of Gastrocnemius.
Peirces deep fascia
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Passes behind below lat malleolus
Ends at the lateral side of little toe.
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Origin smaller terminal lateral
branch of sciatic n L4,5,S1,2.
Course & Relations
Enters the fossa at its upper angle.
follows med border of biceps femoris.
leaves fossa at the lat angle of gastrocnemius & soleus.
passes behind head of fibula.
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winds laterally around neck of fibula
pierces peroneus longus
deep to peroneus longus divides into 2 terminal branches
supf peroneal n deep peroneal n
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Branches1. Cutaneous: a- sural communicating
n joins sural n
b- lat cutaneous n of calf supplies skin on lat side of back of leg
2. Muscular: short head of biceps femoris
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3. Articular: sup, inf lat genicular
and recurrent genicular n.
4. Terminal Branches: superficial and deep peroneal n.
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Foot drop. WHY? Loss of cutaneous
sensation. WHERE?
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Tibial nerveTibial nerveCommon peroneal nerveCommon peroneal nerve
Larger branch.Larger branch.
L4,5,S1,2,3.L4,5,S1,2,3.
Enters pop fossa at upper Enters pop fossa at upper angle.angle.
Leaves at lower angle.Leaves at lower angle.
Has Has a triple relationa triple relation with with the pop vessels.the pop vessels.
At distal border of At distal border of popliteus---post tibial npopliteus---post tibial n
smaller terminal lateralsmaller terminal lateral
L4,5,S1,2L4,5,S1,2
at sup angle of popliteal at sup angle of popliteal fossa.fossa.
leaves fossa at the lat leaves fossa at the lat angle. angle.
winds laterally around winds laterally around neck of fibulaneck of fibula
deep to peroneus longus deep to peroneus longus superficial peroneal n superficial peroneal n
deep peroneal ndeep peroneal n
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Tibial nerveTibial nerveCommon peroneal nerveCommon peroneal nerve
Cutaneous:Cutaneous:
sural nsural n
Muscular:Muscular:
To gastrocnemius, To gastrocnemius, plantaris,soleus,popliteuplantaris,soleus,popliteu
Articular:Articular:
Sup medSup med
inf med, inf med,
middle genicular n.middle genicular n.
Cutaneous:Cutaneous:
sural communicating n sural communicating n lat cutaneous n of calf lat cutaneous n of calf
Muscular:Muscular:
short head of biceps short head of biceps femorisfemoris
Articular:Articular:
Sup lat,Sup lat,
inf lat genicular, inf lat genicular, recurrent genicular n.recurrent genicular n.
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Origin: continuation of
femoral art as it passes through opening in adductor magnus muscle.
Course: from its origin it
runs downwards & slightly laterally in popliteal fossa
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reaches lower border of popliteus
terminates by dividing into ant & post tibial arteries
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Branches1. Muscular: supplies
surrounding muscles
2. Articular(genicular) :
-lat & med sup genicular -middle genicular
-lat & med inf genicular
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Formed by union of venae comitantes of ant, post tibial arteries.
At the lower border of popliteus.
Enters pop fossa at lower angle.
Leaves at upp angle. Continues as femoral
vein at adductor opening.
Lies bet tibial n and pop a.
TRIBUTARIES: 1- veines accompany
arteries. 2- small saphenous v.
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Around termination of small saphenous v. Drain above heel, deep structures of calf. Drain into deep inguinal LNs.
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