poverty monitoring instruction manual (final)

8/6/2019 Poverty Monitoring Instruction Manual (Final)

1/28

Prepared for

INSTRUCTION MANUALINSTRUCTION MANUAL

Quantitative Monitoring of the Very Poor

in Watershed Projects

By

Poverty Learning Foundation# 12-5-149/6A, Vijaipuri, Tarnaka

Secunderabad-17, Phone: 040-27017428Email: [email protected]

DANIDAS WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM IN INDIADANIDAS WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM IN INDIA


2/28

The AuthorsN.L. Narasimha Reddy, a development Anthropologist, is currently serving as Chief ExecutiveOfficer of Poverty Learning Foundation, Secunderabad (India). He has published two books onNGO-Government Collaboration and a series of operational manuals for implementation of

Andhra Pradesh Rural Livelihoods Programme (APRLP). He has associated for over 20 years instrategic learning and Poverty Governance issues.

Prof. D. Rajasekhar is a development economist based at the Institute for Social and EconomicChange, Bangalore. He has published five books and numerous articles in India andInternational journals on rural credit. NGO savings and credit programmes, NGOs anddecentralized government, agrarian change and transformation, irrigation and ruraldevelopment.

Rahul Sen is an anthropologist, presently working with the Watershed DevelopmentCoordination Unit of Danidas Watershed Development Programme in India as Danida Adviser(Institutionalisation and Documentation). He has over twelve years experience in thedevelopment sector with specialization in decentralized governance, micro-level planning and

participatory approaches to natural resource management.

I NS TRUCTI ON MANUALI NS TRUCTI ON MANUALQuantitative Monitoring of the Very Poor in Watershed Projects

October 2005

Poverty Learning Foundation12-5-149/6A, Vijayapuri, Tarnaka, Secunderabad 500 017

Extracts from this document may be reproduced without permission but with

proper acknowledgements to the authors and the publishers

The publication of this report is a result of study supported by Watershed DevelopmentCooperation Unit (WDCU), DANIDAs Watershed Development Programme (DANWADEP), New

Delhi, India. It is an outcome of study carried out by Poverty Learning Foundation (PLF).

The responsibility for the interpretations, opinions and views expressed in the present reportrests with the authors and should not be attributed to DANIDA or any organisation involved inthe study.

ii

FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATION ONLY


3/28

List of Contents

FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATION ONLY .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............. ..... ...... ......ii

THE AUTHORS .....................................................................................................II

LIST OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................. I

LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................II

1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1

2. FORMAT PREPARATION .................................................................................2

THE PROCESS ADOPTED ....................................................................................2

BOX 1: DOS AND DONTS IN THE PREPARATION OF FORMAT .....................2

Dos ............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. ...... ....2

3. DATA ENTRY .................................................................................................... 3


DATA COLLECTED FOR EACH QUESTION IS ENTERED IN THEMICROSOFT EXCEL SHEET. THE IMPORTANT STEP IN DATAPROCESSING IS PREPARATION OF CODE BOOK (ANNEX 1), WHICHINVOLVES DEFINING VARIABLES AND THE STRUCTURE OF THEDATABASE. IT SHOULD BE REMEMBERED THAT, CODE BOOK MAY NOTBE COMPLETE AT FIRST INSTANCE. AS THE DATA ENTRYPROGRESSES, THERE MAY BE NEED TO ENTER NEW CODES...................3

4. CHECKING AND CLEANING OF DATA ...........................................................4


5. DEVELOPING INDICES ..................................................................................... 6


Section I. LIVELIHOOD INDEX ............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. ............. ...... ...... ....7


4/28

1. Total Annual Household (HH) Income ....................................................................................................7

2. Number of Days of Migration in a Year ..................................................................................................8

3. Value of Livestock Benefits Obtained from CWDP ................................................................................9

4. Outstanding Debts as a Proportion to Total Income ..............................................................................10

5. Repayment Amount as a Proportion to Outstanding Debts ....................................................................11

Section II. RESOURCES INDEX ............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ........ ..... ...... ...... ...131. Value of Livestock Owned by the Household ........................................................................................13

2. Changes in the Land Status of the Household and Amount Spent on Additions/ Modifications of the

House ................................................................................................................................................. ...... ...14

Section III. KNOWLEDGE INDEX .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. ........ ..... ..... ....16

1. Purpose of Travel Outside the Village ....................................................................................................16

Nowhere = 0 score ............ ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. ....... ....16

Livelihood + Business = 7 scores ...............................................................................................................16

2. Type of Training Programme Attended by a Member as an Individual and also as a Member of SHG/

User Group ..................................................................................................................................................17

Section IV. RIGHTS INDEX ............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. ........... ..... .....19

1. Children Going to School .......................................................................................................................19

2. Number of Visits to Public Health Centre (PHC) ..................................................................................19

3. User Rights to Common Land Assets and Tree Patta to Common Land ................................ ...... ...... ...20

RIGHTS .................................................................................................................21

Annex 1 .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. ........... ..... ...... .....22

...................................................................................................................................................22

I.TRES00 ...............................................................................................................22

List of Tables

TABLE 1 LIVELIHOOD INDEX............................................................................12

TABLE 2 RESOURCES INDEX...........................................................................16

TABLE 3 KNOWLEDGE INDEX..........................................................................18

TABLE 4 RIGHTS INDEX....................................................................................21

ii


5/28

1. INTRODUCTION

Comprehensive Watershed Development Project (CWDP), Orissa, monitored 10

poorest families from each of 85 project villages in Koraput and Malkangiri

districts of Orissa for four years ending with 2003. As a part of this exercise, data

were collected on variables indicating poverty from 848 poorest households. In

July 2005, the Poverty Learning Foundation (PLF), Hyderabad, has been

requested to undertake a study to assess the extent to which poverty was reduced

among these poorest households, and develop a tool to monitor poverty reduction

through development interventions such as watershed. Four indicators, namely,

Livelihood, Resources, Knowledge and Rights, are considered for analysing the

extent of poverty reduction among these selected poorest households. The ensuing

paragraphs provide a detailed step-by-step procedure that has been adopted to

achieve the study objectives. It is felt that procedures adopted in this analysis

need to be brought out in the form of an instruction manual. The primary purpose

of this manual is to assist those organisations which would like to monitor the

poverty reduction through watershed programmes, in particular, and development

interventions, in general for bringing improvements in the implementation policies

and procedures.

1


6/28

2. FORMAT PREPARATION

The first step is to prepare a user-friendly format to enter the four-year data that

were collected from 848 poorest households.

The Process Adopted

An EXCEL-based format has been developed to enter the data. Four EXCEL

sheets were created wherein each sheet pertains to one year data as shown in the

below figure. A Code Bookwas prepared to describe the variable names used in

the format to enter the data. Box 1 provides the list of dos and donts in format

preparation.

Box 1: Dos and Donts in the preparation of format

Dos Donts

Format should be user friendly.

The variable names should describe the

question/s asked. For instance, the variable

for the question on what is your total

income can be TOTINCOME to make itself-explanatory.

There is no upper limit to the number of

characters for each variable in the case of

Excel, while it is 8 in the case of SPSS.

Sequence of variables should be as per the

questions in the questionnaire.

Do not give the same variable names for

two different questions.

Do not give the question number in the

schedule as variable name.

2


7/28

3. DATA ENTRY

The next step is to enter the data. The data entry should not be mechanical instead

it should be analytical.

The Process Adopted

Data collected for each question is entered in the Microsoft Excel sheet. The

important step in data processing is preparation of code book (annex 1), which

involves defining variables and the structure of the database. It should be

remembered that, code book may not be complete at first instance. As the

data entry progresses, there may be need to enter new codes.

Data entry is laborious process. And there is a possibility for committing mistakes.

Hence, alerts can be introduced if wrong values are entered. This is also possible

when the data are entered in SPSS. Three codes, namely, -1, 98 and 99, were

used for both numeric as well as string variables. Whenever the information was

not collected from the respondent by the interviewer for a question, -1 code was

entered to indicate no information. For example, if the interviewer has not filled-

in anything for a question what is the age of the respondent, then -1 was keyed-

in to indicate that there was no information. Codes 98 and 99 represent does not

exist and not applicable, respectively. For instance, if no information was

available for a question like specify the purpose of travel outside the village,

code 98 was keyed-in to indicate that no travel took place. The answers to

questions such as what is the topic of the training can be found only when a

training course was organised. Otherwise, code 99 was entered to say the question

is not applicable.

The following imply that the data entry job is not mechanical. This process should

be analytical. In order to enable the data entry person to develop the analytical

skills, training is an essential step.

3


8/28

4. CHECKING AND CLEANING OF DATA

After the data entry, the next step is to clean the entered data. Checking and

cleaning of data are two important steps that would go a long way in making the

data consistent and usable for analysis.

The Process Adopted

The process of checking and cleaning of data is carried out. A helpful way of

undertaking this task would be to run frequencies for each of the variables. For

this purpose, data are transferred to SPSS (a statistical software package).

Accordingly, a series of frequency tables was generated for all the years by using

the following commands as shown in the below figure. FromAnalyse menu, select

Descriptive Statistics and then selectFrequencies.

This helps to identify the mistakes in the entries, non-uniformity in the spellings of

string variables, etc.Frequencies also helped to understand the data. The range of

responses for each of the questions is also helpful in arriving at ways to analyse

the data.

4


9/28

It needs to be remembered that not all the variables are easily amenable for

constructing frequency tables. For instance, age variable may have a number of

ranges unlike sex which would have only two ranges. There is a need to run

frequencies for all numeric as well as string variables. Frequencies on stringvariables would especially be useful in plugging mistakes such as non-uniform

spellings, two words giving the same meaning, etc.

5


10/28

5. DEVELOPING INDICES

Once the data are cleaned, the next step is developing indices on Livelihood,

Resources, Knowledge and Rights.

The Process Adopted

The development of indices was based on the type of data available as well as

inputs from the subject experts.

Four indices, namely, Livelihood Index, Resources Index, Knowledge Index and

Rights Index are calculated with the help of formulae which are being discussed in

the subsequent paragraphs along with an example for four different years. The

table below provides variables used in developing the indices in the specific

context of CWDP project. It should be noted that the index prepared here will not

be applicable to all situations. In other words, each of the projects needs to

prepare index on poverty reduction based on type of development inputs provided

to beneficiaries.

Livelihood Resources Knowledge Rights1) Total annual household

income

2) Number of days ofmigration in a year

3) Value of livestock benefits

obtained from CWDP

4) Outstanding debts as a

proportion to total income

5) Repayment amount as a

proportion to outstanding

debts

1) Value of livestock

owned by the

household2) Changes in the

land status of the

household and

amount spent on

additions/

modifications of

the house

1) Purpose of

travel outside

the village2) Type of training

programme

attended by a

member as an

individual and

also as a

member of

SHG/ user group

1) Children going

to school

2) Number ofvisits to public

health centre

(PHC)

3) User rights to

common land

assets and tree

patta to

common land

6


11/28

Total HH Income - Minimum HH income in the entire project area

________________________________________________________________ X 10

Maximum HH income in the entire project area BPL income in the locality

Section I. LIVELIHOOD INDEX

1. Total Annual Household (HH) Income

In the project area, the households obtained income from labour, sale of

cashew nuts/ fruits, sale of bamboo, sale of livestock, income from IGA andother income. The total household annual income from all these activities is

taken into account. The value of index is arrived by applying the following

formula

The value of index will range between 0 and 10. Lower the value the higher isthe income insecurity. High values indicate high income security.

Example: Let us assume the following. The total annual income of a household is

Rs.4,600 for the year 2003. The minimum income of a household in the entireproject area is Rs.0 and the maximum income of a household in the entire project

area is Rs. 34,700. The BPL income in the locality is Rs.11,000.

Now let us also assume that the data on total income are entered in the rows

starting from A2 to A849 in EXCEL, as row A1 is meant for the variable name.

Using the above example, the following steps are to be adopted to calculate thehousehold income index.

Step 1: Calculation can be done either on a separate sheet or in the data sheet itself

but in a separate column.

Step 2: Subtract the cell A2 which contains the total income of the household # 1in a particular year from minimum total household income in a project area i.e.

[A2 MINIMUM amount]

Step 3: Subtract the maximum total household income in a project area with thespecified BPL income in the locality.

[MAXIMUM amount 11,000]

Step 4: Divide the Quotient of Step 2 from the Quotient of Step 3 and multiply the

answer with 10.

7


12/28

Number of daysX 10

365

[(A2 MINIMUM amount) / (MAXIMUM amount 11,000)] x 10

In this example, the value of household income index becomes 1.9. We can assignthe value of 2 to this household on a scale of 0 to 10. This is because the value of 1

assigned to the household is equivalent to 1 on the scale.

2. Number of Days of Migration in a Year

Household members (both men and women) in the project area undertake

migration as a livelihood strategy. The following formula was used to arrive atthe value of migration index, on the assumption that migration is usually

distressed in nature.

The index value ranges from 10 to 0. Lower value implies that the household

has not resorted to distress migration as the household obtains sufficient

livelihood opportunities within the village itself. Higher values imply that

households have resorted to distress migration on a large scale since they could

not obtain sufficient livelihood from the village.

For Example: Assume that a man and woman from a household in the project area

undertook migration for about 90 days during the year 2003.

Now let us also assume that the data on number of days of migration by men andwomen are entered in the rows starting from B2 to B849 and C2 to C849,

respectively, in EXCEL, as row B1 & C1 are meant for the variable names. Using

the above example, the following steps are to be adopted to calculate the migration

index.



Step 2: Add the cells B2 and C2, which contain the information on the number of

days of migration undertaken by both men and women during the particular year.

[SUM (B2: C2)]

Step 3: Divide the total number of days of migration for each household (arrived at

after Step 2) with 365 days and multiply the answer with 10.

8


13/28

Di Dmin_____________________ X 10

Dmax Dmin

{[SUM (B2: C2)] / 365} x 10

By following the above steps, we get the value of migration index as 2.5. We can

assign the value of 7to this household on a scale of 10 to 0. This is because the

value of 0 assigned to a household is equivalent to 10 on the scale.

3. Value of Livestock Benefits Obtained from CWDPHouseholds in the project area obtained benefits from the project in the form of

livestock assets. The value of each livestock asset was arrived at by

multiplying the number of livestock with the market value. The market valuesas shown in the table below were obtained from the project area.

Subsequently, the total value of livestock was arrived at by summing the value

of each livestock asset.

Value

Pig 3,500

Duck 250Poultry 200

Sheep 1,500

Goat 2,000

Buffalo 7,000

Cow 3,500

The followingformula was used to calculate the livestock index.

Where, Di = The value of livestock assets obtained by the household in a year

Dmin = Minimum value of livestock assets obtained by households in the

entire project area.

Dmax = Maximum value of livestock assets obtained by households in the

entire project area.

The value of index will range between 0 and 10. Index values closer to 0 indicatethat the benefits obtained from CWDP were insignificant to improve the

livelihood while the values closer to 10 imply that livestock benefits

would significantly contribute to strengthening of livelihoods.

Illustration: Assume that after summing the value of each livestock asset, the total

value of livestock benefits obtained by a household is 1,500 i.e. D i for the year

9


14/28

2003. The maximum value of livestock in the entire project area is Rs.18,000 and

the minimum value of the livestock in the entire project area is nil.

Now let us also assume that the data of total value of the livestock are available in

the rows starting from D2 to D849 in EXCEL, as row D1 is meant for the variable

names. Using the above example, the following steps are to be adopted tocalculate this index.



Step 2: Subtract the cell D2, which contains the total value of the livestock

benefits to the household # 1 in a particular year from minimum total value of thelivestock benefits in a project area i.e.

[D2 MINIMUM value]

Step 3: Subtract the maximum total value of livestock benefits in a project area

with the minimum total value of the livestock benefits.

[MAXIMUM value MINIMUM value]

Step 4: Divide the Quotient of Step 2 from the Quotient of Step 3 and multiply the

answer with 10.

[(D2 MINIMUM value) / (MAXIMUM value MINIMUM value)] x 10

In this example, the value of livestock index becomes 0.8. We can assign the value

of 1 to this household on a scale of 0 to 10. This is because the value of 1 assigned

to the household is equivalent to 1 on the scale.

4. Outstanding Debts as a Proportion to Total Income

The households in the project area have borrowed loans from informal

agencies. The implication of such borrowing is that they would result in

considerable leakage of income and come in the way of livelihood security.

We have taken outstanding debts as a proportion of total income and treated 0

per cent as 0 on 0 to 10 scale, 10 per cent as 1, 20 per cent as 2 and so on.

The value of index will range between 10 and 0. High value implies high

vulnerability due to debts. Lower value implies that the household is not

indebted and hence no leakage from income in the form of interest payments.

10


15/28

Illustration: Let us assume that a household, who earns an annual total income of

Rs.4,600, has Rs.500 as outstanding debts in 2003.

Now let us also assume that the data on total income are entered in the rows

starting from A2 to A849 and the data on outstanding debts are entered in the rows

E2 to E849 in EXCEL, as row A1 and E1 are meant for the variable names. Usingthe above example, the following steps are to be adopted to calculate this index.

Step 1: Calculate the percentage of outstanding debts to total income either on a

separate sheet or in the data sheet itself but in a separate column.

Step 2: Divide the cell E2, which has the information on outstanding debts, from

the cell A2 that contains the total income of the household in a particular year

[DIVIDE (E2, A2)]

Step 3: Multiply the Quotient of Step 2 with 10.

[(DIVIDE (E2, A2)] x 10

In this example, the value of the index becomes 1.1. We can assign the value of 9

to this household on a scale of 10 to 0.

5. Repayment Amount as a Proportion to Outstanding Debts

The method adopted to calculate index value was the same as in (4). The value

of the index will range between 0 and 10. Lower the value lower is therepayment capacity and higher the value higher is the repayment capacity.

Example: Assume that a household had outstanding debts of Rs.500 and it has

repaid the same during the year 2003.

Now let us also assume that the data on outstanding debts are entered in the rows

E2 to E849 and data on repayment amount are entered in the rows F2 to F849 inEXCEL, as row E1 & F1 are meant for the variable names. Using the above

example, the following steps are to be adopted to calculate this index.



Step 2: Divide the cell F2 that contains the amount of outstanding debts repaid by

the household in a particular year, with the cell E2, which contains the amount of

outstanding debts.

11


16/28


17/28


18/28

Now let us also assume that the data of total value of the livestock are available in

the rows starting from G2 to G849 in EXCEL, as row G1 is meant for the variable

name. Using the above example, the following steps are to be adopted to calculate

this index.

Step 1: Calculation can be done either on a separate sheet or in the data sheet itselfbut in a separate column.

Step 2: Subtract the cell G2, which contains the total value of the livestock of the

household # 1 in a particular year, from minimum total value of the livestock in a

project area.

[G2 MINIMUM value]

Step 3: Subtract the maximum total value of livestock in a project area with the

minimum total value of the livestock.

[MAXIMUM value MINIMUM value]

Step 4: Divide the Quotient of Step 2 from the Quotient of Step 3 and multiply theanswer with 10.

[(G2 MINIMUM value) / (MAXIMUM value MINIMUM value)] x 10

In this example, the value of livestock index will be 0.8. We can assign the value of

1 to this household on a scale of 0 to 10.

2. Changes in the Land Status of the Household2 and Amount Spenton Additions/ Modifications of the House3

The households in the project area have managed to get back the land that they

have mortgaged. Some of them have also purchased land from the market.They have also managed to spend on improvements and modifications to their

house. All these indicate improved economic well being of the household and

ability to obtain new resources and improving the existing ones. The following

scores were assigned to arrive at an index.

No land was obtained and no improvement in the housing was made= 0 score

Repairs to the roof and/or walls were made (R+W) = 1 score

Replacement of the walls and/or roof was made (RI & WI) = 2.5

scores

2 This indicator be composed of the variables on mortgaged land acquired back and new land purchased.3 The variables that were covered were repair of walls, replacement of roof with tiles, repair of walls,

replacement of walls with brick/stone, new earthen wall room added, new brick wall room added.

14


19/28

New additional room was added = 4 scores

Mortgaged land was acquired = 6 scores

New land was purchased = 8 scores

Mortgaged land was acquired + New land was purchased = 9 scores

All the above = 10 scores

The value of index will range between 0 and 10. Lower value implies

exclusion from the resources and higher value implies access to the resources.

Example: Assume that a household has only constructed an additional room

during the year, then the household gets 4 scores.

Now let us also assume that these data are entered in 8 different columns starting

from H2 ending with O849 in EXCEL, as the rows from H1 to O1 are meant for

the variable names. The following steps are to be adopted to calculate this index.



Step 2: Use IF conditions

[IF (H2:O2) = 0 THEN SCORE = 0]

[IF (H2:O2) 0 THEN SCORE = 10]

:

:

:

The household gets the score depending upon the above categories.

Each of these scores is multiplied with the weightages allotted to them and added

to arrive at Resources Index (Table 2). As shown in the matrix below, equal

weightages were given to each of the indictors to arrive at Resources Index.

Resources Weightage

1) Value of Livestock Owned by the Household 50%2) Changes in the Land Status of the Household and

Amount Spent on Additions/ Modifications of the

House

50%

15


20/28

Table 2 Resources IndexValue of livestock owned by

the household

Changes in the land status of the

household and Amount spent on

additions/ modifications of the house

OVERALL

RESOURCES INDEX

1 x 50% = 0.5 4 x 50% = 2 2.5

Section III. KNOWLEDGE INDEX

1. Purpose of Travel Outside the Village

The travel undertaken by the households implies that household members are

coming in contact with new people, meeting officials and interacting withmarkets. Such a travel is likely to result in knowledge improvement.

Information on purpose of the travel was obtained. The following scores were

assigned to each type of the travel to arrive at an index.

Nowhere = 0 score

Festival and relatives = 1 score

Livelihood = 2 scores

Festival and relatives + Livelihood = 3 scores

Purchase of household consumer goods and/ or labour = 4 scores

Festival and relatives + Purchase of household consumer goods and/

or labour = 4.4 scores

Livelihood + Purchase of household consumer goods and/ or labour

= 4.8 scores Business = 5 scores

Festival and relatives + Business = 6 scores

Livelihood + Business = 7 scores

Purchase of household consumer goods and/ or labour + Business =

8 scores

Government offices = 9 scores

Government offices + any of the above/ other = 10 scores

The value of index will range between 0 and 10. Higher value implies more

awareness about the outside world whereas lower value implies less awareness.

For example: Assume that a household has undertaken travel outside the village

for business purposes and to meet friends & relatives.

16


21/28

Also assume that these data are entered in the rows from P2 to P849 in EXCEL, as

the row P1 is meant for the variable name. The following steps are to be adopted

to calculate the travel index.




[IF P2 = no travel THEN SCORE = 0]

[IF P2 = travel for business THEN SCORE = 5]

[IF P2 = travel for business and to meet friends & relatives THEN

SCORE = 6][IF P2 = travel for government offices THEN SCORE = 9]

:

:

In this example, the householdgets the score of 6as per the classification.

2. Type of Training Programme Attended by a Member as anIndividual and also as a Member of SHG/ User Group

As beneficiaries of the project, member households obtained training on a

number of themes. Each of these themes signify certain value to theparticipant. For instance, training on income generation is likely to be of more

value to a member as compared to training on savings. Based on this logic, thefollowing scores were given to each type of training.

No training = 0 score

Savings training programme as an individual member =1 score

Leadership training as an individual = 2 scores

Savings training programme as a group member = 3 scores

Leadership training programme as a group member = 4 scores

Savings and leadership training either as group or individual member

= 5 scores

Agriculture/ Livestock/ Farmers training/ plantation training eitheras group or individual member = 6 scores

Training on IGA = 7 scores

Agriculture/ Livestock/ Farmers training/ plantation training either

as group or individual member + Training on IGA = 8 scores

Other trainings (future development, rehabilitation, poorest, etc) = 9

scores

17


22/28

Gender training = 10 scores

As in the case of other indices, the value of index will range from 0 to 10.

Higher value implies more useful knowledge whereas low value implies less

useful knowledge.

Illustration: Let us assume that a household has undergone only leadership training

as an individual during the year.

Also assume that these data are entered in the rows from Q2 to Q849 in EXCEL,

as the row Q1 is meant for the variable name. The following steps are to be

adopted to calculate the training index.




[IF Q2 = no training THEN SCORE = 0][IF Q2 = training on leadership as an individual THEN SCORE = 2]

:

:

In this example, the householdgets the score of 4 as per the themes of the training.

Each of these scores is multiplied with the weightages allotted to them and addedto arrive at Knowledge Index (Table 3). Equal weightages were given to each of

the indictors to arrive at Knowledge Index.

Knowledge Weightage

1) Purpose of travel outside the village 50%

2) Type of training programme attended by a member asan individual and also as a member of SHG/ user

group

50%

Table 3 Knowledge IndexPurpose of travel outside the

village

Type of training programme attended

by a member as an individual and also

as a member of SHG/ user group

OVERALL

KNOWLEDGE

INDEX6 x 50% = 3 4 x 50% = 2 5

18


23/28

Section IV. RIGHTS INDEX

1. Children Going to School

Children attending the school signify that the household gives more importanceto child rights. Since there is gender discrimination in the provision of

schooling, highest value was assigned to those households sending only girls to

the school.

None is going to the school = 0 score

Boys are going to the school = 5 scores

Only girls are going to the school = 10 scores

The value of index will range between 0 and 10. Higher value implies that both

boys and girls attending schools and thereby asserting their rights. Low value

implies that limited participation in the school education.

For example: When a household sends the girl child to school, then the household

is assigned with 10 scores.

Assume that the data on girl children going to school and boy children going to

school are entered in the rows from R2 to R849 and S2 to S849, respectively, in

EXCEL, as the rows R1 and S1 are meant for the variable names. The following

steps are to be adopted to calculate this index.

Step 1: Calculation can be done either on a separate sheet or in the data sheet itselfbut in a separate column.


[IF R2 and S2 = not going to school THEN SCORE = 0]

[IF S2 = going to school THEN SCORE = 5]

[IF R2 = going to school THEN SCORE = 10]

2. Number of Visits to Public Health Centre (PHC)

Frequent visits to PHC imply that people are asserting their right to use public

health delivery system. Hence the following scores were assigned.

No visits = 0 scores

1 to 9 visits = 1-9 scores

19


24/28

10 & above = 10 scores

The value of index will range between 0 and 10. High values of index indicate

that household members are frequently visiting PHC and thereby asserting

their rights. Lower values indicatefewer or less visits to PHC and inability ofthe household to assert their rights.

Example: The household gets the scores depending upon the number of visits to

PHCs. If a household has visited PHC for 5 times, then the household is assigned

with 5 scores.

Assume that the data on number of visits to PHCs are provided in the rows from

T2 to T849 in EXCEL, as the row T1 is meant for the variable name. The

following steps are to be adopted to calculate this index.




[IF T2 = no visits THEN SCORE = 0]

[IF T2 = one visit THEN SCORE = 1]

[IF T2 = two visit THEN SCORE = 2]

:

:

[IF T2 = ten and above visits THEN SCORE = 10]

3. User Rights to Common Land Assets4 and Tree Patta to CommonLand5

In the project area, efforts were made to rejuvenate common property resources

such as land by undertaking soil conservation and plantation of trees through

collective action. All those members who have participated in such collective

action have been provided with user rights. In some of the cases tree patta to

common land was provided to beneficiary households. Scores were assigned to

different rights obtained by households on the basis of beneficial impact thatsuch user rights are likely to have on households.

No right = 0 score

4 This indicator consists of variables on mixed tree plantation, horticulture, plantation, water impounding

structure and pisciculture.5 Tree patta to common land comprises of cashew, fruit trees, bamboo, vegetable and crop demonstration.

20


25/28

Right to water body (water impounding structure & pisciculture) = 2

scores

Right to tree patta = 4 scores

Right to water body (water impounding structure & pisciculture) +Right to tree patta = 6 scores

Group right to common land asset = 8 scores

Group right + either a water body right or tree patta = 9 scores

All the rights (individual, water body & group) = 10 scores

The value of index will range between 0 and 10. Higher value implies that

households have gained rights to the common land and lower value implies norights to the common land.

Illustration: The household gets the scores depending upon the attainment of user

rights to common land and tree patta. If a household is not provided with any userrights, then the household is assigned with 0 score.




[IF = no right THEN SCORE = 0]

[IF = right to water body THEN SCORE = 2]

::

[IF = all the rights THEN SCORE = 10]

After obtaining the scores on variables included to construct rights index, each of

these scores is multiplied with the weightages allotted to them and added. Table 4

presents the weightages allotted to each of the indictors to arrive at Rights Index.

Rights Weightage

1) Children going to school 30%2) Number of visits to Public Health

Centre (PHC)

20%

3) User rights to common land assets and

tree patta to common land

50%

Table 4 Rights IndexChildren going to Number of visits User rights to common OVERALL RIGHTS

21


26/28

school to PHC land assets INDEX

10 x 30% = 3 5 x 20% = 1 0 x 50% = 0 4

Annex 1

Socio Economic Position of the ten poorest families in villages / hamlets of the projectarea

Serial Number of Family Hhslno

Name of Head of Household (Male / Female,Age)

n.headhh sex.hdhh age.hdhh caste

Hamlet / Village. Villname

Watershed / Block. name.ws name.blk

District. nme.dist

2000 2001 2002 2003

A. Benefits from

CWDP.1. As an individual. Trees for homestead

areas (number)I.tres00

IGA (carpentry, potteryetc.) (in rupees)

I.IGAa00I.IGA00

Livestock (P-pig, G-goat, H-poultry, C-cow)D-duckery, S-sheep, B-buffalo(number).

I.pig00I.goat00I.shep00I.plty00I.cow00I.buff00I.duck00

Tree patta to common

land (C-Cashew, H-Fruit trees, B-bamboo,V-vegetable, c-cropdemonstration)(number of trees)

I.chsw00

I.frut00I.bamb00I.veg00I.crop00

Training (number /topic)

I.ntrn00I.ttrn00

2. As member of SHG / User Group.

Matching grant togroup (in Rupees)

M.grnt00

IGA (in Rupees) M.IGA00

User right to commonland assets (M-Mixedtree plantation, H-

horticulture plantation,W-Water ImpoundingStructure, P-Pisciculture)

M.mixt00M.hort00M.watr00

M.pisc00

Training (number /topic)

M.ntrn00M.ttrn00

B. AnnualHouseholdIncome (inRupees).

Labour Lr.amt00

Sale of cashew nuts /fruit

s.cshw00

Sale of bamboo s.bamb00

22


27/28

2000 2001 2002 2003

Sale of livestock s.lvsk00

IGA IGAinc00

Any other (specify) othinc00

othspy00

totinc00C. Livestock Status number (P-pig,H-poultry, G-goat, C-Cow, B-buffalo, D-duckery, S-sheep, O-ox).

npig00npltry00ngoat00ncow00nbuff00nsheep00nduck00nox00

D. Migration(number of persons Xmonthsmigrated)

Men mg.nmn00mg.mnt00mg.day00

Women mg.nwn00mg.mth00mg.dys00

E. Debt (inRupees).

Outstanding loans os.ln00

Repayment during theyear

rep.am00

F. Changes in landstatus (acres).

Mortgaged landacquired back

mrt.ld00

New land purchased Pr.nld00

G. Additionsmodifications tohouse (Rupeesspent).

R-repair of roof, RI-replacement of roofwith tiles.

rpr.rf00 rpl.rf00

W-repair of walls, WI replacement of wallswith brick / stone

rpr.wl00rpl.wl00

N-New earthen wallroom added , NI- newbrick wall room added

eth.wl00brk.wl00

H. Any other. Children going toschool

Boysby.sch00

Boys Boys Boys

Girlsgl.sch00

Girls Girls Girls

Travel outside thevillage (specifypurpose / distance)

Pr1tvl00dst1vl00Pr2tvl00dst2vl00

Visit to PHC / hospital(number of visits /amount spent)

vstphc00dstphc00amtphc00

23


28/28

Poverty Reduction Assessment(This table will be completed by the PMU based on the data collected by field staff in the earliertable)

Rating 2000 2001 2002 20

PMU assessmentin changes in Livelihood I ---------------------------------------------------------10

Impoverishment -------------------------Improvement

livehd00

Resources I----------------------------------------------------------10

Exclusion -------------------------------------10 Access

resour00

Knowledge I----------------------------------------------------------10

Reduction-----------------------------------Expansion

knwldg00

Rights I----------------------------------------------------------10

Alienation ---------------------------------Participation

rights00

poverty monitoring instruction manual (final)

Documents