power conversion basics
TRANSCRIPT
Basic Decisions that Identify which PI Product Family is Required:-
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Power supply
Input conditions1. Low line (90-132 VAC)
2. High Line (176-264 VAC)
3. Wide-range (90-264 VAC)
4. DC-DC
Output type1. O/P Current, Voltage
2. Constant Voltage (CV)
3. Constant current (CC)
4. Constant current and
constant voltage (CV/CC)
Power Supply Functions1. Type of enclosure (open frame/adapter)
2. Performance
3. Single or multi-output
4. Isolated or non-isolated
• Efficiency
• Output regulation/accuracy
• Output power
North America : 90 – 132 VAC
Europe : 176 – 264 VAC
China 176 – 264 VAC
Taiwan 90 – 132 VAC
Japan 90 – 132 VAC
India 176 – 264 VAC
…
Zimbabwe 176 – 264 VAC
Worldwide 90 – 264 VAC
Input Mains Voltage for Typical Applications
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220 V / 50 Hz
220 V / 60 Hz
110 V / 60 Hz
110 V / 50 Hz
CV: Constant Voltage – drives electronicsMicroprocessors logic circuits, motor controls
CC: Constant Current – drives LED lighting
CV/CC: Constant Current and constant voltage – drives battery charging/electronics
Batteries need a CV/CC characteristic to charge, CV mode will run the electronicsCell-phone chargers – something with a battery
Customer should typically know whether they need CV, CC or CV/CCIf they don’t know, ask about the application (above)
Customer Equipment Requires Either Constant Current or Constant Voltage (or Both)
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Isolated or Non-isolated
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Most power supplies are isolatedPrevent dangerous (AC mains) voltage from coming into contact with the user
Typically used where the outputs are accessible
Isolation not needed if you cannot touch the electronics - like LED lamps
Isolated Power Needed Non-isolated Power OK
Input filter and bridge rectifier turns AC input into high voltage DC and blocks noiseHigh voltage DC is switched by a high frequency power MOSFET driven by a controllerTransformer stores energy then transfers it to the output side
Provides isolationAdjusts voltage
Secondary rectifier diode and output capacitor turn secondary AC voltage into DC
Isolated Power Converters
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The output voltage will shift if input voltage changes or if load changes
The controller will modify MOSFET switching to compensateInputs tell the controller how to adjust switching to maintain constant outputError signal derived from the primary-side = Primary-side Regulation (PSR)Secondary-side error signal = Secondary-side Regulation (SSR)
Keeping Output Constant – The Controller
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PSRSSR
Output error signal
Description Primary-side Regulation Secondary-side Regulation
What the basic circuit looks like
Regulation OK : ± 5% Excellent : ± 1%
Benefits Lowest cost Best performance
ChallengesHard to design with, only for single output
More components means more cost and larger size
Typ. Applications Adapter, Low cost designs Consumer, industrial, telecom
Primary Side Regulation and Secondary-Side Regulation Have Different Benefits/Challenges
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Isolation
barrier
Isolation
barrier
Apply this knowledge to Select the Best PI Product Family:-
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DC DC
Power integrations Supports Both Primary Side Regulation and Secondary Side Regulation
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Power Supply
Isolated
Non-isolated
Primary-side Regulation
Secondary-side
Regulation
LinkSwitch™-III
LinkSwitch™-HP
TOPSwitch™-JX
TinySwitch™-4
LinkSwitch™-TN2
LED Lighting
Very High Efficiency
Covered Separately
Customers Typically Know What They NeedIf they Don’t :-
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Start
?Non-isolated Isolated
Don’t
know PSR
? SSR
Don’t
know
TOPSwitch/TinySwitch
LinkSwitch-III/LinkSwitch-HP
Stop
Stop
LinkSwitch-TN2
Stop
DPA-Switch(Low voltage DC-DC)
LYTSwitch (LED Lighting)
InnoSwitch Family(> 90% efficient)
? Stop
Special
Application?
Covered Separately
?
Is Customer
familiar with PSR?
No – best to
recommend SSR
Part Family Choice is Based on O/P Power
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Isolated
Non-isolated
TinySwitchSSR
PSR LinkSwitch-III
TOPSwitch
LinkSwitch-HP
10 W
12 W
LinkSwitch-TN2
5 W
25 W
Up to
200 W
TinySwitch TOPSwitch
At higher power use isolated families
Maximum output power is dependent on• input line (AC) voltage
• Cooling
• Enclosure type
• Customer spec. wrt device temperature
Power Integrations Part Numbering System Low and Mid-power Products – 3 digit codes
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T O P 2 6 8 V G
Family and GenerationEither 2 or 3 digits
Low Power Products (< 100 W)TOP TOPSwitch
TNY TinySwitch
LNK LinkSwitch
INN InnoSwitch
LED Driver ProductsLYT LYTSwitch
Mid-power products (100-500 W)PFS HiperPFC PFC conversion
LCS HiperLCS Resonant switch
TFS HiperTFS Two-Switch forward
Load Management ICsCAP CAPZero
SEN SENZero
DiodesQH, LX, LQ Diode types
Device Size/Power-ratingIncreasing number for higher
power rating
Package OptionLetter describes package
• Surface mount
• Thru-hole
• Designed for heatsink
Material CodeHistorical - used to transition
products to Lead-free and green
(Halogen free) status
• G = Green
• N = Lead-free
• Blank = green/lead-free
Product Selector Tool in PI Expert™
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Why you Will Win With Power Integrations
21
Highest level of integrationController, Driver, MOSFET
Protection features
Solutions to match all applicationsIsolated and non-isolated drivers
Widest power range
CV, CC and CV-CC output
Best performanceConstant high efficiency across load
Best light-load efficiency for standby
Lowest no-load consumption
Easy to use, rugged
Thermally optimized packages
Comprehensive protection Input and output overvoltage
Output overcurrent and short circuit
Open-loop and over temperature protection
Pin-short protection
Support MaterialsApplication Notes
Design Example Reports
Reference Design Kits
PI Expert™ Design SoftwarePIXLS
PI Transformer designer
Application Specific Micro-sites
Industry Standards Reference Page
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There are many applications for Power Integrations productsSeveral product families cover different application requirementsThe Selector tool helps you pick the right product for the application
Additional introductory training courses offered on:-1. TOPSwitch, TinySwitch, LinkSwitch 2. InnoSwitch product family for ultra-high efficiency3. LED lighting products (LYTSwitch™ Families)4. SENZero and CAPZero for low standby consumption at high power5. Qspeed Diodes – performance of Silicon carbide, cost of Silicon6. Mid-power from 100 W – 500 W7. High power IGBT driving (5 kW and above)
Power integrations Provides Many Solutions
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Questions to Ask
1. Input voltage• Low-line (90 -132 VAC)
• High-line (176 – 264 VAC)
• Wide Range
• DC-DC
2. Output required• Constant voltage (CV)
• Constant current (CC)
• CV and CC
3. Isolated or non-isolated
4. Power type• Open-frame
• Adapter
5. Single or multi-output• Output volts and amps required