power practice for use with vocabulary power plus for the new sat
DESCRIPTION
Power Practice for use with Vocabulary Power Plus for the New SAT. Book One 21 Lessons 275 Words. Introduction to Vocabulary Words BOOK ONE. Table of Contents. Introduction. Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Lesson 7. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Power Practicefor use with Vocabulary Power Plus for the New SAT
Book One21 Lessons275 Words
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Introduction to Vocabulary Words
BOOK ONE
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Table of ContentsLesson 1Lesson 2Lesson 3Lesson 4Lesson 5Lesson 6Lesson 7
Lesson 8Lesson 9Lesson 10Lesson 11Lesson 12Lesson 13Lesson 14
Lesson 15Lesson 16Lesson 17Lesson 18Lesson 19Lesson 20Lesson 21
Introduction
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The first slide provides the vocabulary word. Use this to begin thinking about the definition.
Introduction
Contents
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The first click will reveal a context in which the word
might be used.
Infer the definition of the word by studying its
context.
Introduction
Contents
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A second click provides the definition of the word.
Introduction
Contents
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Lesson One
Contents
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Lesson One
The fatalistic historian claims that we are unable to control the
outcomes of future events.
fatalistic
adj. believing that all events in life are
inevitable and determined by fateContents
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Lesson One
The politicians were elated after learning the positive election
results.
elated
adj. in high spirits; exultantly proud and joyfulsyn: overjoyed ant: depressed
Contents
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Lesson One
Instead of taking immediate action to correct the problem, Mary became
pensive and vague.
pensive
adj. dreamily thoughtfulsyn: reflective; meditative
ant: silly; frivolousContents
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Lesson One
Licentious politicians lower a country’s moral reputation in the
world.
Licentious
adj. morally unrestrainedsyn: immoral; lewd ant: chaste; pure
Contents
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Lesson One
Do not become lackadaisical when collecting honey from a beehive.
lackadaisical
adj. uninterested; listlesssyn: spiritless; apathetic; languid
ant: enthusiastic; inspired
Contents
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Lesson One
A bad attitude alienates your teachers.
alienate
v. to turn away feelings or affections
syn: estrange; set against ant: endear; unite
Contents
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Lesson One
John realized that the paucity of money would prevent him from buying
an expensive car.
paucity
n. a scarcity, lacksyn: insufficiency
ant: abundance
Contents
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Lesson One
When a matador is fighting a bull, enthusiastic fans must remember not to obtrude themselves into the ring.
obtrude
v. to force oneself into a situation uninvited
syn: impose; intrude ant: extricate
Contents
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Lesson One
Every adventurous numismatist loves to discover rare coins.
numismatist
n. a coin collector
Contents
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Lesson One
Epigrams yield concise and clever truths.
epigram
n. a witty saying expressing a single thoughtor observation
syn: aphorism; bon mot; quipContents
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Lesson Two
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The best caricature captures the essence of a person’s physical and
psychological features.
caricature
n. an exaggerated portrayal of one’s features
syn: mockery; cartoon
Lesson Two
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Leaders sometimes change antiquated rules to reflect the new realities
in society.
antiquated
adj. no longer used or useful; very old
syn: obsolete; out-of-date; archaic ant: modern
Lesson Two
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Doctors administer opiates carefully to patients so they will not become
addicted.
opiate
n. a narcotic used to cause sleep or bring relief from pain
ant: stimulant
Lesson Two
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Little Johnny gorged himself on the candy he collected in a giant sack
from neighbors last Halloween.
gorge
v. to eat or swallow greedily
Lesson Two
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Aaron welcomed everyone except the severely demented autograph-seekers.
demented
adj. mentally ill; insanesyn: deranged; insane
ant: sane
Lesson Two
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The experienced barber knew how to hone an old-fashioned straight razor
and give close shaves.
hone
v. to sharpenant: dull
Lesson Two
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Do not dally or you’ll miss the bus again.
dally
v. to waste time; to dawdlesyn: dawdle; loiter ant: hasten; hurry
Lesson Two
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The two companies amalgamated and formed an international corporation.
amalgamate
v. to combinesyn: unite; blend; merge;
consolidate ant: splinter; disunite
Lesson Two
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The judge convicted him of felonious assault.
felonious
adj. pertaining to or constituting a major crime
syn: criminal
Lesson Two
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The home team beleaguered and then routed the winless visiting squad.
beleaguer
v. to besiege by encircling as with an army;to harass
syn: surround; annoy ant: evade
Lesson Two
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Lesson Three
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The egalitarian organization welcomed anyone, regardless of race
or income.
egalitarian
adj. promoting equal rights for all people
ant: elitist
Lesson Three
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The promise of a free item will animate almost any shopper.
animate
v. to give life or motion tosyn: enliven; encourage; excite
ant: quell
Lesson Three
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The chauvinist felt that men’s salaries were higher simply because
men were smarter than women.
chauvinist
n. one having a fanatical devotion to a
country, gender, or religion, with contempt for other countries, theopposite sex, or other beliefs
Lesson Three
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Dan dallied and provided only a belated thank-you to his friend.
belated
adj. delayedsyn: tardy; late
ant: timely
Lesson Three
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Wearing a big diamond necklace to a supermarket is usually considered
ostentatious.
ostentatious
adj. marked by a conspicuous, showy,or pretentious display
syn: grandiose ant: unobtrusive; bland
Lesson Three
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Time passes, and even the largest edifice may crumble.
edifice
n. a large, elaborate structure; an imposingbuilding
syn: fortress ant: hovel
Lesson Three
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Sally kneaded the clay to achieve a smooth surface on the durable pottery items she was making.
knead
v. to work dough or clay into a uniform mixture
syn: squeeze; rub; press
Lesson Three
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The berserk dog ran in circles before chasing the cement truck.
berserk
adj. in a state of violent or destructive ragesyn: frenzied
ant: placid; complacent
Lesson Three
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Ambidextrous tennis players are rare, and they aim their ground strokes at opponents from weird
angles.
ambidextrous
adj. equally skillful with either hand
Lesson Three
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Tom Sawyer deluded his gullible friends into whitewashing a fence
for him.
delude
v. to mislead; to foolsyn: deceive ant: enlighten
Lesson Three
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Lesson Four
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Fierce and beautiful, the blue shark reigns as a powerful denizen of the
deep.
denizen
n. an occupant; inhabitantsyn: resident
ant: emigrant; alien
Lesson Four
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Bigoted people are a blight on a civilized society.
blight
n. anything that destroys, prevents growth, or causes devaluation
syn: affliction; disease ant: enhancement
Lesson Four
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Evita gratified her gym teacher by climbing the rope up to the ceiling
without using her legs.
gratify
v. to pleasesyn: satisfy; indulge
ant: displease; disappoint
Lesson Four
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Construction workers posted a warning sign about the fresh cement,
but it eluded the clueless pedestrian who stepped right into the new sidewalk and ruined it.
elude
v. to escape notice; to get away from
syn: avoid; evade; lose ant: attract
Lesson Four
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In chess, a gambit occurs when a player tries to gain a strategic advantage over an opponent by
sacrificing a pawn.
gambit
n. maneuver or action used to gain an advantage
syn: strategy; ploy; maneuver ant: blunder
Lesson Four
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He was the chief mourner at his friend’s obsequy.
obsequy
n. a funeral rite or ceremony
Lesson Four
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Big, splashy ads entice gullible readers into making unwise
purchases.
entice
v. to attract by offering reward or pleasure
syn: tempt; lure ant: discourage
Lesson Four
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The farmer plows a fallow field but leaves it unseeded during the
growing season.
fallow
adj. inactive; unproductivesyn: idle; barren
ant: fertile; productive
Lesson Four
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An uncritical fealty to a dictator has led many citizens into tragic
decisions.
fealty
n. obligated loyalty or faithfulnesssyn: devotion; fidelity; allegiance
ant: disloyalty; treachery
Lesson Four
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Laggards always dally.
laggard
n. a slow person, especially one who falls behind
syn: straggler; dawdler ant: leader
Lesson Four
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Lesson Five
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As a dedicated advocate for people in need, Elizabeth helped to build
affordable housing for them.
advocate
v. to recommend; to speak in favor of
syn: promote; encourage ant: oppose; contest
Lesson Five
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Children panicked when they saw the ugly ogre crouched under the bridge.
ogre
n. a brute; a large monster; a frightful giant
Lesson Five
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Some people bandy important ideas around instead of treating them with
the seriousness they deserve.
bandy
v. to exchange words; to discuss casually
Lesson Five
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The researchers wanted to efface the scourge of cancer.
efface
v. to obliterate; to wipe outsyn: erase
ant: enshrine
Lesson Five
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The search for entities on other planets continues to capture the
imaginations of scientists and the general public.
entity
n. anything having existence, either physical ormystical
Lesson Five
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The crook hoped his charisma would persuade the detectives to overlook his jewelry heist and put him back
on the street.
charisma
n. personal appeal or attraction; magnetismsyn: charm
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Edwin mesmerized the restless crowd with his evil eye.
mesmerize
v. to hypnotizesyn: captivate; entrance
ant: bore
Lesson Five
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The worst you can say about him is that he was laggardly in love and
dastardly in war.
dastardly
adj. cowardly and treacheroussyn: dishonorable; shameful
ant: righteous
Lesson Five
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Maurice often found it difficult to grasp the gist of complicated
essays.
gist
n. the main pointsyn: idea; essence
Lesson Five
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Lesson Six
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Stop declaiming and just talk to us like regular people.
declaim
v. to speak in a dramatic, impassioned, or
blustering mannersyn: trumpet ant: whisper
Lesson Six
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Lacking any athletic skills, Harry begrudged his friend’s superstar status on the varsity basketball
team.
begrudge
v. to resent another’s success; to envy
syn: resent ant: forgive
Lesson Six
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The painter imbued the landscape with shadow.
imbue
v. to inspire or influence; to saturate
syn: instill; pervade
Lesson Six
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Exaggerating is like using a gaff to catch a goldfish.
gaff
n. a pole with a large hook on one end
Lesson Six
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Roxanne used the most abrasive soap she could find, but she could not remove the glutinous pine sap from
her hands.
glutinous
adj. gluey; sticky
Lesson Six
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Lower classes do not always welcome the advice of condescending
mandarins.
mandarin
n. an influential person; a member of an elite
group
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Thinking Juliet is dead, Romeo quaffs poison to join her in death.
quaff
v. to drink in large quantities; to gulp
syn: guzzle; swig ant: sip
Lesson Six
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Company nepotism led to an excess of family executives, who ignored
valuable business ideas from the outside.
nepotism
n. favoritism shown to family or friends by
those in power, especially in business or hiring practices
Lesson Six
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To a real bibliophile, discovering a first edition of a classic in fine condition and autographed by the author is like striking gold.
bibliophile
n. a lover of books
Lesson Six
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Ancient enmity prevented the warring countries from ever achieving peace.
enmity
n. deep-seated hostility, often mutual
syn: hatred; antagonism ant: friendship
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Lesson Seven
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The cadaverous refugees barely had the strength to feed themselves.
cadaverous
adj. of or like a corpse; pale, gaunt, thin
syn: ghastly ant: robust; healthy
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Going from penury to riches is a classic American success story.
penury
n. extreme povertysyn: destitution
ant: wealth; opulence
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His views were so often in flux that many called him a perpetual flip-
flopper.
flux
n. a state of continual change or movement
syn: fluctuation; instability ant: stability; solidity
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Flying terrified Marnie, so she always wore a parachute and knew where the nearest egress was.
egress
n. an exit; a means of going outsyn: passage
ant: ingress; entrance
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If you want to experience a creepy mystery, read The Castle of Otranto,
the first gothic novel.
gothic
adj. of the middle ages; of or relating to a
mysterious, grotesque, and desolate style of fiction
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He girded himself for the tough exam and the possibility that he might have to explain a poor grade on it
to his parents.
gird
v. to prepare for an event or an action
syn: brace
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The oppressed citizens trembled when the tyrannical despot made eye
contact with them.
despot
n. a dictator with absolute powersyn: tyrant
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One person’s hovel is another person’s edifice.
hovel
n. a wretched living place; an open shed
syn: shanty; shack ant: palace; mansion
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He always looked forward to the perishable felicity of fall.
felicity
n. happiness; blisssyn: euphoria; delight
ant: unhappiness; discontent
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If you have prepared well for the game, even the fiercest competition
will not daunt you.
daunt
v. to make afraid; to discouragesyn: intimidate; dishearten
ant: encourage
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Lesson Eight
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“Cease and desist,” the lawyer said, repeating himself as usual.
desist
v. to stop; discontinuesyn: cease; end ant: begin; start
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Effrontery dominated the political advertisements in the months before
the election.
effrontery
n. shameless boldnesssyn: impudence; nerve; audacity
ant: timidity
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Detective Thomas knew how to glean important information from even the
most hostile witnesses.
glean
v. to collect bit by bit; to gather with patient labor
syn: garner ant: disperse
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An elite corps of impudent snobs savagely mocked the computer nerds.
elite
n. the choice members or best of a group
syn: leaders ant: common; multitude
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Since George was the designated driver, he did not imbibe any
alcohol that night.
imbibe
v. to drink especially alcohol
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Fire begets water by melting ice.
beget
v. to produce; to make happensyn: generate ant: prevent
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Panic educes irrational responses in people who are ordinarily calm and
logical.
educe
v. to draw or bring outsyn: elicit ant: suppress
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Do not allude to it when you can describe it in direct, exciting
detail.
allude
v. to hint at, to refer to indirectly
syn: suggest; imply ant: expose
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The politician feigned sympathy but acted with enmity.
feign
v. to hint at, to refer to indirectly
syn: suggest; imply ant: expose
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Over twenty-six miles of constant running chafed the marathoner and
slowed his pace to a crawl.
chafe
v. to wear or irritate, often through rubbing or friction
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Lesson Nine
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Selma had a sudden qualm about racing up all 102 floors of the
Empire State Building.
qualm
n. a feeling of uneasinesssyn: misgiving
ant: ease
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Granaries are often built above the ground to keep stored food from mice
and other animals.
granary
n. a storehouse for grain
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After talking pictures replaced silent films in the early 1930s, actors with unpleasant voices
experienced the demise of their movie careers.
demise
n. death; a ceasing to existsyn: termination; conclusion
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The electromagnetic pulse cannon, when deployed, can damage or
eradicate computer systems in the targeted area.
eradicate
v. to wipe out; to destroysyn: eliminate ant: add; create
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Beware of late-night TV con artists trying to bilk you out of money.
bilk
v. to cheat or swindle; to thwartsyn: defraud; con
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If you direct a lampoon at people in authority, be ready for the
consequences.
lampoon
n. a written satire used to ridicule or attacksomeone
syn: parody; caricature
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The witch emitted a chilling cackle as she stirred the poisonous brew.
emit
v. to send out; to give forth, as in sound or light
syn: produce; discharge; release
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When her dreams were boring, she fabricated adventurous ones.
fabricate
v. to concoct; to make up a story in order todeceive
syn: forge; fake
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A prolonged excess of unnecessary diversions propelled the society
into decadence.
decadence
n. moral deteriorationsyn: decay; corruption; debauchery
ant: decency
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“It’s all about me,” said the narcissistic diva.
narcissistic
adj. conceited; having excessive self-love
or admirationsyn: vain; egotistic ant: humble; modest
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One little criticism, and the red-faced man became choleric.
choleric
adj. easily angeredsyn: irascible; cantankerous
ant: apathetic; impassive
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When the detective declared that Joe was betting on snail races, the
gambler faked an aghast response.
aghast
adj. feeling great dismay or horrorsyn: terrified; horrified; shocked
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Spare us the homily on saving money and give us a loan.
homily
n. a sermonsyn: lecture; speech
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Pierre’s story was so ghastly we could tell he was making it up.
ghastly
adj. horrible; frightfulsyn: dreadful; hideous ant: lovely; attractive
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Deciding to sit in the middle of a busy street, the protest group first impeded traffic and then stopped it.
impede
v. to hinder, obstructsyn: delay; retard ant: aid; encourage
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Lesson Ten
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J.K. Rowling named the Hogwarts’ caretaker Argus Filch because he is
as sneaky as a thief.
filch
v. to stealsyn: pilfer; pinch
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After giant ants took over the high school auditorium, the assemblies acquired a desolate and alienated
look.
desolate
adj. lonely; forlorn; uninhabited; barren
syn: deserted; bleak ant: populous; cheerful
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You dawdle and dally and always arrive late.
dawdle
v. to waste timesyn: tarry; loiter
ant: hasten; expedite
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Flawed data programmed into a computer delivers fallible output, or, as the saying goes, garbage in,
garbage out.
fallible
adj. capable of errorsyn: imperfect
ant: infallible; flawless
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Weekly magazines encourage their readers to fawn over the current
popular celebrities.
fawn
v. to act slavishly submissivesyn: grovel
ant: ignore; disregard; neglect
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The negotiator tried to pacify the angry group of outside agitators.
pacify
v. to calm downsyn: appease; placate ant: provoke; agitate
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Siegfried became an honorary affiliate of Save the Kinkajous, but soon regretted it when one of the
animals attacked him.
affiliate
n. an associate; partnersyn: member; colleague
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No calumny was used to win the election.
calumny
n. a false and malicious accusationsyn: slander; slur
ant: compliment
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Prevaricate all you want, but sooner or later the truth will come out.
prevaricate
v. to liesyn: hedge
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Instead of berating the insistent beggar, Frederick took him to a diner and bought him a meal.
berate
v. to scold or rebuke severely and at length
syn: admonish; reprimand ant: praise
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“You are the bane of my existence,” John said to his annoying
stockbroker.
bane
n. the cause of ruin, harm, distress, or deathsyn: blight; curse ant: aid; assistance
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Marilyn saw blatant fashion errors all around her, so she wore
understated outfits.
blatant
adj. obvious; too conspicuoussyn: unconcealed; deliberate
ant: secretive; cautious
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People love to see the neophytes beat the experts.
neophyte
n. a beginnersyn: novice; amateur ant: expert; veteran
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The minions kept their leader from seeing that his country was plunging
into chaos.
minion
n. a fawning, servile followersyn: lackey ant: leader
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When you are tired, it is easy to garble the simplest instructions.
garble
v. to mix up or distortsyn: jumble; corrupt
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Lesson Eleven
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An etymologist studies the history, development, and genesis of words.
genesis
n. beginning; originsyn: start; birth
ant: conclusion; finish
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Don Quixote tilted at windmills, and his odd and hopeless fight has
become a classically futile gesture.
futile
adj. useless; pointlesssyn: ineffectual; fruitless
ant: effective; useful
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Emissaries must be skilled in the art of diplomacy.
emissary
n. one sent on a special mission to representothers
syn: ambassador; agent
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Love at first sight entails two people with kindred emotions who
become instant soul mates.
kindred
adj. having similar origin, nature, or character
syn: homogeneous ant: disparate
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Those who carp are seldom welcome at a party.
carp
v. to complain or to find fault in a petty or nagging way
syn: grumble; nag; nitpick ant: praise; laud
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lacerate
The dog lacerated Marcie’s nose, but at least it didn’t break it.
Lesson Eleven
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When you are on hold as caller number twelve in a phone queue, your
wait can seem endless.
queue
n. a line of people or vehicles
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On December 23, 1972, Franco Harris of the Pittsburgh Steelers made an amazing catch of a football that became known as the immaculate
reception.
immaculate
adj. spotless; perfectsyn: clean; pure
ant: dirty; soiled; spotted
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It’s the flagrant errors you can usually spot right away; the subtle ones are often tougher to detect.
flagrant
adj. glaringly bad; outrageoussyn: offensive; shameless; brazen
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When it is hot, competition is fierce and tempers are short, and there is often a fracas on the
practice field.
fracas
n. a loud quarrel or fightsyn: brawl
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Stalin and Hitler are generally considered to be the most nefarious despots of the twentieth century.
nefarious
adj. very wicked; notorioussyn: villainous; despicable
ant: reputable; honest
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Pat queried the lawyer and received a vague cloud of words in reply.
query
v. to ask; inquiresyn: question; interrogate
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In England, patricians are found in the House of Lords.
patrician
n. an aristocratsyn: noble
ant: commoner
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These days, men and women can buy the facade they want from their
plastic surgeons.
facade
n. a deceptive outward appearance;a misrepresentation
syn: pretense; charade
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He had an unusual, side-to-side gait that made him easy to spot.
gait
n. manner of walkingsyn: walk
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“Cry havoc, and let slip the dogs of war,” said Mark Antony, predicting
the chaos that would follow Caesar’s assassination.
havoc
n. great destruction; chaossyn: mayhem; disorder
ant: order
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Daredevil Peter attempted a quick turnaround and caused his father’s
car to careen into a ditch.
careen
v. to swerve or lurch from side to side while in motion
syn: tilt
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Elvira’s cat narrowed its eyes and began to speak in a kind of
anthropomorphic, purring language.
anthropomorphic
adj. attributing humancharacteristics or qualities to
objects, animals, or gods
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It was guile that helped the farmer keep the fox out of the henhouse.
guile
n. slyness and cunning in dealing with others
syn: craftiness; astuteness ant: honesty
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The strange collection of ragtag creatures danced across the eerie
landscape by night.
eerie
adj. weird; mysterious; strange and frightening
syn: creepy; sinister ant: common; ordinary
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The beautiful park festered under the neglect of the city government.
fester
v. to grow embittered over time; to rot
syn: aggravate; worsen
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Wealthy athletes today are the beneficiaries of the elite but
underpaid professionals who played years ago.
beneficiary
n. one who receives benefitssyn: recipient; heir
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Tell one online store your email address, and you will probably
receive a deluge of electronic spam.
deluge
n. a flood; an overwhelming rushsyn: inundation; surge ant: drought; dearth
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Specialists in martial arts seldom make good movie actors.
martial
adj. warlike; relating to the military
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A pall of shame clouded his face.
pall
n. something that covers or concealssyn: shroud
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The aplomb of Katrina reflected her grace under pressure.
aplomb
n. self-confidencesyn: assurance; poise
ant: awkwardness
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If you do not practice with energy, you will languish on the bench
during a game.
languish
v. to become weak or feeble; to lose strength
syn: wither; fade ant: thrive
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No one wanted to clean the bowl that contained the rancid potato salad.
rancid
adj. having a bad taste or smell; spoiled
syn: rotten; repulsive ant: fresh
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He traveled widely and acquired catholic tastes and eccentricities.
catholic
adj. universal; wide-rangingsyn: broad ant: provincial; limited;
parochial
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A modicum of money is better than none.
modicum
n. a small amountsyn: bit
ant: abundance
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Outsiders who take a haughty attitude into a neighborhood
restaurant are almost guaranteed to offend the locals.
haughty
adj. arrogant; proudsyn: arrogant
ant: humble; shy
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When you envisage success, you often attain it.
envisage
v. to form a mental picturesyn: imagine; visualize
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Time and again, evidence shows that ads which denigrate opponents are more effective than positive ads.
denigrate
v. to attack the reputation of; to speak ill of
syn: defame; belittle ant: praise; promote
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It is shocking when an unemotional man of few words suddenly turns
effusive.
effusive
adj. emotionally excessive; overly demonstrativesyn: gushing
ant: reserved; restrained
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The rebels would sooner turn their city into a holocaust than surrender
themselves to the invaders.
holocaust
n. a great or complete destruction of life
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Laser surgery has rendered the scalpel defunct in certain
applications.
defunct
adj. no longer in existencesyn: invalid; extinct
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Drivers who gape at accidents cause traffic backups and more accidents.
gape
v. to stare with an open mouth
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The author had Roman centurions looking at the their digital
watches, a distinctly literary anachronism.
anachronism
n. something or someone existingoutside of its proper time
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Thomas Gray’s “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard” is a melancholy
lament for the dead.
lament
v. to mournsyn: grieve ant: rejoice
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An outraged humanity is the fatal nemesis of vicious despots.
nemesis
n. someone or something a person cannot
conquer or achieve; a hated enemysyn: rival; adversary
ant: collaborator; friend
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The Geneva Conventions help assure humane treatment for prisoners of
war.
humane
adj. kind; compassionatesyn: kindly; benevolent; considerate
ant: inhumane; cruel
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Lackeys get ahead by telling only the good news to their bosses.
lackey
n. a slavish followersyn: minion
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Arlene’s constant carping had a lethal effect on our good will.
lethal
adj. deadly; fatalsyn: mortal
ant: harmless
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Marilyn became embroiled in controversy after hiring dishonest friends and relatives amid promises
of ethics reform.
embroil
v. to draw into a conflict or fightsyn: entangle
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“You are an impertinent twit,” said the patrician to the uppity minion.
impertinent
adj. rude and disrespectfulsyn: insolent; impolite ant: polite; courteous
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Lisa’s painting of her mother was a pallid imitation of the Mona Lisa.
pallid
adj. pale; faint in colorsyn: colorless
ant: hearty; robust
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After Seth declared, “let no man write my epitaph,” he wrote his own.
epitaph
n. an inscription on a tombstone; a brief comment
about a deceased person
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Do not dally, but move with timely alacrity.
alacrity
n. liveliness; willingness; eagerness
syn: enthusiasm; readiness; zeal ant: slowness; reluctance
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Specialists in Information Technology use computer jargon that
almost no one else seems to understand.
jargon
n. vocabulary distinctive to a particular group of
peoplesyn: terminology; lingo
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Despite the seriousness of the topic, Edna remained frivolous, playing everything for laughs.
frivolous
adj. trivial; sillysyn: inconsequential; vain
ant: vital; important
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The stock market is in a lateral drift, as if waiting for something
to happen.
lateral
adj. of or relating to the sidesyn: sideways
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You expect judicious opinions from the Supreme Court.
judicious
adj. showing sound judgmentsyn: sensible; wise; carefulant: foolish; impractical;
prejudicial
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The carnage was shocking during the American Civil War: about 620,000
Union and Confederate soldiers died.
carnage
n. bloody and extensive slaughtersyn: bloodshed; slaughter
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William Styron’s time served in the United States Marine Corps became
the catalyst for his novel, The Long March.
catalyst
n. a person, thing, or agent that speeds up or
stimulates a result, reaction, or change
syn: mechanism; vehicle; means
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Selma forgave Barack his foibles but not his blatant lapses in judgment.
foible
n. a minor weakness in charactersyn: fault; shortcoming
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First, he hero-worshipped the coach, then he deified him.
deify
v. to make a god of; to look upon or worship as a god
syn: idolize; worship ant: abhor; detest
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If you carp and harp, your audience will tune you out.
harp
v. to persist in talking continuously on or about
somethingsyn: ramble; complain
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Stop, you impetuous youth, and reconsider.
impetuous
adj. acting suddenly without thoughtsyn: impulsive; rash ant: planned; careful
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Astrologers say that the stars impel, they do not compel.
impel
v. push into motionsyn: urge; force; propel; drive
ant: restrain
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As the troops prepared for battle, the chaplain gave them his
benediction.
benediction
n. the act of blessingant: curse; malediction
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“A great kingdom will fall,” the equivocal prophet said, but no one
knew which kingdom he meant.
equivocal
adj. ambiguous; intentionally vaguesyn: uncertain; cryptic ant: certain; definite
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With accounting chicanery, some executives falsely inflate corporate
revenues to mislead investors.
chicanery
n. the use of tricks or clever talk to deceiveor evade
syn: trickery; subterfuge ant: honesty
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So debonair was Dennis that he made the most complex dance steps seem
free and easy.
debonair
adj. carefree and self-confident in manner;
elegant and gracioussyn: charming; refined; suave
ant: gauche; awkward
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Gothic novels are well known for their macabre stories.
macabre
adj. horrible; grimsyn: ghastly; sinister ant: beautiful; lovely
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The snooty patrician thought her royal genealogy granted her special
privileges.
genealogy
n. family historysyn: lineage
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The movie “Rudy” tells the true story of a small but feisty young
man who, against all odds, makes the elite football team at Notre Dame.
feisty
adj. aggressive; lively; energeticsyn: spirited; frisky
ant: lethargic
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Elise was so confident that she was impervious to even the coldest
insults.
impervious
adj. incapable of being affectedsyn: resistant; invulnerable
ant: vulnerable
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When a professional hockey player depletes his supply of electrolytes, he often consumes an energy drink to
replenish them.
deplete
v. to use up graduallysyn: empty; exhaust
ant: replenish
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These days, with all the advances in sales techniques, it is difficult to figure out who is telling the truth,
and who is trying to gull you.
gull
v. to cheat; to fool or hoaxsyn: dupe; scam; trick
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When the leading man slipped on a banana peel, the movie turned
farcical.
farcical
adj. absurd; ridiculously clumsysyn: ludicrous; funny ant: somber; serious
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Some people cannot appreciate the top until after they have hit the
nadir.
nadir
n. lowest pointsyn: bottom
ant: peak; zenith
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Sigmund Freud, founder of psychoanalysis, had a penchant for what was then called the talking
cure.
penchant
n. a strong likingsyn: fondness; inclination; taste
ant: dislike; abhorrence
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The doctor made aspirin the adjunct treatment to be used with the
penicillin he prescribed for the patient.
adjunct
adj. connected or attached to in a dependent,
subordinate, or auxiliary manner, but not a part of
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John’s mother tested his filial loyalty by crashing his prized car.
filial
adj. of, relating to, or befitting a son or daughter
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Nothing Peter could do would mitigate the harsh punishment.
mitigate
v. to make less severe; to become milder
syn: diminish; alleviate ant: aggravate; exacerbate
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Lax efforts produce unwelcome results.
lax
adj. careless or negligentsyn: slack; neglectful ant: careful; meticulous
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As a master of disguise, the spy had yet to discover a nation with an
impermeable border.
impermeable
adj. not permitting passageespecially of fluids
syn: impenetrable; impervious ant: permeable
Lesson Sixteen
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Benjamin Franklin coined such wise aphorisms as “eat to live, not live to eat” and “in this world nothing
can be certain but death and taxes.”
aphorism
n. a concise statement of a truth or principle
syn: adage; maxim; saying
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“Sometimes, you are the major affliction of my life,” said
Harold’s angry mother.
affliction
n. anything causing great sufferingsyn: difficulty; pain; burden
ant: relief; aid
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Chantelle deleted her annoying boyfriend from her life.
deleted
v. to take out; to removesyn: erase; cancel ant: include; add
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Rendering obeisance to the emperor, the samurai bowed low to the ground.
obeisance
n. a bow or similar gesture expressing deep
respect
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When the judge entered the courtroom, an almost palpable sense of expectation swept through the
spectators.
palpable
adj. obvious; capable of being touched or felt
syn: evident; conspicuous ant: obscure; unclear
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The mayor could not decide what to do about the problem of panhandling
mendicants in her city.
mendicant
n. a beggar
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Norman Rockwell’s magazine illustrations are regarded as
heartwarming paeans to a patriotic America.
paean
n. a fervent expression, or song, of joy or praise
syn: acclaim; tribute
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There’s a vast difference between a master painter and someone who only
daubs a canvas.
daub
v. to paint coarsely or unskillfullysyn: smear
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Marilyn was fond of asking embarrassing questions and watching how her friends’ answers oscillated
back and forth.
oscillate
v. to swing or move back and forth like a
pendulum.syn: vacillate; fluctuate; alternate
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In computer science, a cache stores important data that can be easily
accessed whenever needed.
cache
n. a concealed store of goods or valuables
syn: hoard; reserve
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Grenades were exploding around him, but Sgt. Basilone remained
imperturbable during the furious assault on his position.
imperturbable
adj. not easily excited, even under pressure
syn: collected; unflustered
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The American Revolution ousted the English and secured liberty for the
new country.
oust
v. to drive out; expel; deprivesyn: eject
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The prosecutor admonished the witness for refusing to testify
against the defendant.
admonish
v. to warn; to caution in counselsyn: advise; notify; warn
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Lesson Seventeen
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Careless tourists accidentally desecrated the shrine.
desecrate
v. to damage a holy place; to treat with irreverence
syn: vandalize; violate ant: consecrate
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The pedagogue never believed the aphorism, “those who can, do; those
who can’t, teach.”
pedagogue
n. a schoolteachersyn: educator
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It is better to govern by persuasion than to force by fiat.
fiat
n. an official ordersyn: decree; authorization
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Professor Destry could not find anyone who was fluent in Khwe, a South African “click” language.
fluent
adj. able to express oneself easily and clearly
syn: well-versed ant: inept
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Gabrielle remained aloof after overhearing friends talking about
her behind her back.
aloof
adj. reserved, distantsyn: detached; cold; remote
ant: warm; friendly
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It seems that every November a melee breaks out when consumers try to buy
the latest electronic game.
melee
n. a noisy, confused fightsyn: skirmish; fracas
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When the captain ordered the crew to abandon ship, their fidelity turned
to mutiny.
fidelity
n. faithfulnesssyn: loyalty; devotion
ant: treachery
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By abandoning all the standards of decency, Hitler became the personification of evil.
personification
n. a person or thing thatrepresents an idea
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Uncle Buster slipped on a banana peel and hilarity ensued.
hilarity
n. gaiety; jovialitysyn: mirth; merriment; glee
ant: sadness; misery
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If the infected animals are not quarantined, an outbreak will ensue.
ensue
v. to follow as a resultsyn: to result ant: to cause
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The political group was so consumed by bias that even its simplest
instructions were imbued with spin.
bias
n. a prejudiced view either for or against; a preference
syn: partiality; favoritism
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The rambunctious puppy leaped high in the air and landed with its muddy
paws on Shana, an innocent bystander.
rambunctious
adj. unruly; uncontrollablesyn: wild; disorderly; boisterous
ant: calm; pacific; tranquil
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Marlee worried that wearing the wrong clothes would make her a
pariah.
pariah
n. a social outcastsyn: exile; outsider
ant: insider
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Stock prices gyrated wildly, and brokers failed to detect any
valuable market trends.
gyrate
v. to rotate or revolve quickly; to spiral
syn: revolve; whirl
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A surprising number of clowns emerged from the tiny Volkswagen and
cavorted about the ring.
cavort
v. to leap about in a sprightly manner; romp
syn: frolic; prance; caper
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Lesson Eighteen
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The public defender provides a gratis defense to people who cannot
afford legal assistance.
gratis
adj. free; without charge
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Cable news often seems to feature self-proclaimed experts, full of conjecture about matters they
pretend to understand.
conjecture
n. a judgment or opinion based on little or
questionable evidencesyn: speculation; guesswork
ant: fact
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The progeny of a single pair of rabbits soon turned into a legion
that regularly pillaged the vegetable garden.
progeny
n. offspring; childrensyn: descendents; young
ant: ancestors
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The crack in the plastic veneer belied the car’s faux wood
dashboard.
faux
adj. artificial; false; not genuinesyn: fake; imitation ant: authentic; true
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In the last half of the twentieth century, dozens of genocides
occurred around the world, resulting in over 23 million deaths.
genocide
n. the deliberate destruction of a group ofpeople
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A materialistic society values money and purchases far more than ethical
and intellectual pursuits.
materialistic
adj. wanting material possessionsant: altruistic
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In the film, extraterrestrials leave a monolithic artifact on Earth four
million years ago to influence primitive man’s evolutionary
progression.
monolithic
adj. massive, uniform, and solid
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Melanie didn’t merely go to the library; she conducted forays into the great mysteries of postmodern
poetry.
foray
n. a surprise attacksyn: raid; incursion
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Always the quintessential professor, Dr. Jones even wore the prescribed tweed jacket with suede patches on
the elbows.
quintessential
adj. the most typical; idealsyn: model; standard
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His predilection for hasty decisions led him into major errors.
predilection
n. a preference toward someone or something
syn: preference; partiality; penchant
ant: aversion; hatred
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Maurice made his point and then belabored it before an audience of
increasingly bored listeners.
belabor
v. to work at something beyond practicality; to
overstresssyn: stress; overdo
ant: disregard; ignore
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Sherlock Holmes could have said his deductions were rudimentary, but he
told Dr. Watson they were “elementary.”
rudimentary
adj. basic; not refined or well developed
syn: elementary; undeveloped ant: refined; sophisticated
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Helene allocated funds equally to all her children except Horatio, the evil twin, who received a lump of
coal.
allocate
v. to distribute, allot, or designate
syn: apportion; assign
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At one time in history, a zaftig figure was an indicator of a family’s economic prosperity.
zaftig
adj. having a full, shapely figuresyn: curvaceous
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After declaring himself emperor for life, Dr. Insano broadcast his
manifesto, outlining his intended form of government.
manifesto
n. a public declaration of policies or intentions
syn: proclamation
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Lesson Nineteen
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Maria became so choleric that her friends could not mollify her.
mollify
v. to reduce, soothe, or calmsyn: placate; pacify
ant: enrage
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When pushy Esther requested a favor, it was tantamount to a demand.
tantamount
adj. of essentially equal value or significance
syn: equivalent; commensurate ant: incomparable
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South American sloths are so sedentary that they sleep 18 hours a
day and hardly move at all when awake.
sedentary
adj. characterized by or requiring sitting; motionless
syn: inactive
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No matter how much the detectives pressured him, the suspect never became amenable to admitting the
crime.
amenable
adj. agreeable; responsive to suggestion or
advicesyn: responsive; tractable
ant: inflexible
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A military junta remained in office for one year after seizing power.
junta
n. a military group ruling a country after seizing power
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The rapid influx of illegal immigrants required fair and
realistic changes in government policies.
influx
n. an inward flowant: outflow
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Even after years of experience, some actors claim that appearing in front
of a live audience is still conducive to stage fright.
conducive
adj. tending to cause or bring aboutsyn: contributive
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So many pedestrians rubbed the lion statue’s nose for good luck that it acquired an attractive patina over
the years.
patina
n. a sheen on a surface resulting from age and use
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Adrift on the lake, Peter heard the plaintive, eerie cry of a loon.
plaintive
adj. expressing sorrow; mournfulsyn: melancholic
ant: joyful
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Sam was experienced enough to know that life’s pinnacles can be quickly
followed by its nadirs.
pinnacle
n. a peak or climaxsyn: summit; apex
ant: nadir
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While celebrating Mardi Gras, some partying students ignore reasonable
strictures placed on them by parents.
stricture
n. a restraint or limitsyn: constraints; limitations
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Karen tried and failed to comply with her coach’s rigorous demands.
rigorous
adj. severe; relentless; harshsyn: arduous; austere; grueling
ant: easy; painless
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In public, the bibliophile was loyal, but in private he was
subversive in words and deeds.
subversive
adj. in opposition to authority or government
syn: dissident; rebellious ant: loyal
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conviction attained through perjury is an improper victory in a court of
law.
perjury
n. the act of lying under oath
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Suspecting the illness was imaginary, the doctor prescribed a harmless placebo to the patient.
placebo
n. a fake drug used in the testing of medication
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Lesson Twenty
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Jerry asked the neighbors to move their malodorous compost heap away
from his property line.
malodorous
adj. having an offensive odorsyn: stinking
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Nanotechnology is helping to advance the fields of computer storage, semiconductors, biotechnology,
manufacturing, and energy.
nanotechnology
n. the use of single atoms andmolecules to construct microscopic
devices
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Emily avoided eating piquant food while she was recovering from a
stomach virus.
piquant
adj. a strong, stimulating tastesyn: spicy; tangy
ant: bland
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Examine your precepts carefully before you make them lifelong
standards of conduct.
precept
n. a rule of action; a principle to live by
syn: law; axiom
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A bargaining impasse is mutually harmful, so negotiators advise disputing parties to accept mediation and settle their
differences.
impasse
n. a problem or predicament with no obvious
resolutionsyn: gridlock; stalemate; standoff
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When a prisoner is serving two concurrent sentences, he can be
released only after the longer one is completed.
concurrent
adj. happening at the same timesyn: simultaneous
ant: conflicting; separate
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He notarized the deed, impressing a seal on it, and then charged a fee
for his services.
notarize
v. to certify legally
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If you renege on a legally binding agreement with the government, you
could be fined.
renege
v. to break a promise or obligation; revoke
syn: breach; abandon
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“Your answers are not only erroneous, they’re subversive,” Professor Steinmetz declared
angrily.
erroneous
adj. incorrect; mistakensyn: flawed ant: correct
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Linda’s critical acumen imbued her movie reviews with valuable
insights.
acumen
n. ability to discern or discriminate; shrewdnesssyn: keenness; sharpness ant: ignorance; naiveté
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Behold the bleak and desolate visage of winter.
visage
n. a face or facial expressionsyn: countenance; features
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Horton worked for months on the project, but produced only
negligible results.
negligible
adj. of little importance; insignificant
syn: unimportant; trifling ant: significant; noteworthy
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Bobby Fischer, the first American to become a world chess champion,
displayed the prowess of a wunderkind at age six.
wunderkind
n. one who excels in a difficult field at an early age
syn: prodigy
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Imperturbable as always, Socrates knew that death is irrevocable, but
he maintained that no true philosopher would fear it.
irrevocable
adj. impossible to retract or revoke; irreversible
syn: permanent; unchangeable
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The pungent smell of raw, chopped garlic drifted from the kitchen.
pungent
adj. a sharp taste; acridsyn: sharp ant: mild
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The recumbent bike allows Jane to work out with her back supported, as
though she were lying down.
recumbent
adj. resting or lying downsyn: reclining ant: upright
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National fortitude enabled a nation to endure the many sacrifices
necessary for the Allies to win World War II.
fortitude
n. strength in adversitysyn: determination; tenacity
ant: weakness
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Authentic vases produced during the Ming dynasty can bring enormous
prices at auction.
dynasty
n. a succession of rulers from the same family or
group
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While others lost their heads in panic, Zehline stayed cool under pressure and earned a meritorious
award from her school.
meritorious
adj. deserving of an award or honorsyn: commendable; laudable;
praiseworthy ant: despicable; unworthy
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Legally, kleptomania is not classified as insanity, and people are usually held responsible for
acting on their irresistible impulses to steal.
kleptomania
n. a continual urge to steal regardless
of economic motive
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Botch the grammar on your essay, and your knowledgeable readers will not
be happy with you.
botch
v. to ruin through clumsiness; to bungle
ant: fix
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Some teams always seem to win, and some are perennial losers.
perennial
adj. lasting indefinitelysyn: enduring; perpetual ant: fleeting; limited
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The prosecution lawyer confuted the defendant’s alibi point by point
until he slumped over in defeat on the witness stand.
confuted
v. to argue or point out errorsyn: refute; disprove ant: confirm; verify
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Kids used to mock the geek whose forte was computers, but they
stopped after he founded a software company and took over the world.
forte
n. an area of expertise or strengthsyn: specialty; talent
ant: weakness
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The ineffable loss of her entire family to a car accident left the
little girl in a state of shock for weeks.
ineffable
adj. too sacred or great to be described; indescribable
syn: inexpressible; unspeakable
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A series of rough exams loomed as extreme tribulations for James.
tribulation
n. an affliction, trouble, or difficult experiencesyn: ordeal; hardship
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Though the composer had attained world renown before he was thirty
years old, he died a pauper’s death.
renown
n. state of being well known and honored; fame
syn: notoriety; popularity ant: anonymity; obscurity
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The front rows of a mezzanine in a theater are also known as the
“loge.”
mezzanine
n. the lowest balcony in a theater; a partial
story between main stories in a building
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Dulles mastered the art of brinkmanship, staring down the enemy
and making him blink first in defeat.
brinkmanship
n. pushing dangerous situations tothe edge of disaster rather than
conceding
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Pundits who purport to know the real truth should always be regarded with skepticism until their facts can be
verified.
purport
v. to claim; to have or to give the false impression
of beingsyn: allege; claim; maintain
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