powerpoint 8a

the 18th and 19th centuriesSAYRE CHAPTERS 20

the visual record

chapter 20

the rococo and neoclacissism (1680 - 1850)

characteristics chief artists major works historical context

thanks to the advances of Mannerism and the Baroque,

subject matter begins to shift to the mundane and in some

cases, titillating and provocative; neoclassicism

immediately rejects this focusing on the ideal and the

Greco-Roman grandeur

• Paul Peter Rubens• Jean-Honoré

Fragonard• François Boucher• Jacques-Louis David• Jean-Auguste-

Dominique Ingres • Eugene Delacroix

• The Swing• The Death of Marat • Equestrian portrait of

Stanisław Kostka Potocki• Oath of the Horatii • The Death of Socrates • The Lictors Bring to

Brutus the Bodies of His Sons

The 18th century was marked by the Age of Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution. Reason, intellectualism, and scientific thought begins to replace and ultimately does replace “the sacred” – that is religious dogma. As with many time periods, the Rococo overlaps with the end of the Baroque and Neoclassicism will remain a mainstay in the French Academy as other movements progress.

the visual record

chapter 20

romanticism vs. and realism (1780 - 1900)

characteristics chief artists major works historical context

romanticism triumphs the imagination, emotionalism, the

spirit and the individual whereas realism celebrates the working

class and the peasantry; the landscape, objective reality

(against the ideal) the poor, the everyday man, and the mundane continue to be subject matters – perhaps more so than any time

before

• Eugene Delacroix • Caspar David Friedrich• Francisco de Goya• Joseph Mallord William

Turner• Théodore Géricault• Gustave Courbet• Jean-Baptiste Siméon

Chardin• Jules Breton

• Wanderer above the Sea of Fog

• The Third of May 1808• Saturn Devouring One of

His Sons • The Raft of the Medusa• Liberty Leading the

People • Bonjour, Monsieur

Courbet

The transition from the 18th century into the 19th century was riddled with revolutions and war: American Revolution (1775–1783), French Revolution (1789–1799), and Napoleon is crowned emperor of France in 1803. With such varied responses to these wars, it is not surprising that there are conflicts in art. Many take up the rebellious spirit and backlash against the standards of the Academy and neoclassicism.

the visual record

chapter 20

impressionism and post-impressionism (1865 - 1910)

characteristics chief artists major works historical context

soft, natural light and the effects of light on optics; plein-

air landscapes; feathery, whimsical brush strokes; airy

colors

post-impressionism continued to push the representation and

media

• Édouard Manet• Camille Pissarro• Alfred Sisley • Claude Monet• Pierre-Auguste Renoir• Mary Cassatt• Edgar Degas • Georges Seurat• Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec• Henri Rousseau• Odilon Redon• Vincent van Gogh

• Impression, Sunrise• Girl with a Hoop• Haystacks • Woman with a Parasol• The Cliff at Étretat after

the Storm• The Crying Spider• The Cyclops• Femme au Chapeau Vert• Moulin Rouge

The American Civil war followed the collapse of the Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese, Holy Roman and Mughal empires and preceded the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871) and the Unification of Germany in 1871. During this time, the camera and photography becomes widespread throughout Europe and America as the British Empire, the US and the German Empires begin exerting their power around the world. At the end of this period the automobile revolutionizes the cultures of West.

the visual record

chapter 21

fauvism and expressionism (1900 - 1935)

characteristics chief artists major works historical context

highly emotional and energetic; raw expression of color and

almost violent brushstrokes or flat surfaces and flat shapes;

very individualistic and loosely linked between the artists

within the movements

• Henri Matisse• André Derain• Henri Rousseau• Georges Braque• Edvard Munch • Wassily Kandinsky • Franz Marc and Der

Blaue Reiter

• Portrait of Madame Matisse

• Woman with a Hat• Landscape at Collioure• The Scream • Portrait of Eduard

Kosmack • On White II• Die großen blauen

Pferde

The beginning of the 20th century was marked by the Boxer Rebellion in China, World War I throughout Europe and with US involvement, the Russian Civil War and the Great Depression. New technologies were continually being developed at a fast-paced rate. The airplane, telephone, motion picture, as well as mechanized warfare moved society into the modern era.

the visual record

chapter 21

cubism, futurism, supremativism and constructivism (1905 - 1920)

characteristics chief artists major works manifestos

modernism influenced art by contributing geometric shapes, dynamic lines, and sleek, hard,

cold man-made objects; influence of science, technology

and mathematics; subject matters were represented in

multiple dimensions and perspectives representing time

and space

• Pablo Picasso• Georges Braque• Giacomo Balla• Umberto Boccioni• Giovanni Segantini • Alexander Rodchenko• Liubov Popova• Alexander Vesnin• Varvara Stepanova

• Le guitariste• Portrait of Picasso• Three Musicians • Woman's Head• The City Rises• Unique Forms of

Continuity in Space • Cyclist• Agitprop poster

“MANIFESTO OF FUTURISM1. We want to sing the love of

danger, the habit of energy and rashness.

2. The essential elements of our poetry will be courage, audacity and revolt.

3. Literature has up to now magnified pensive immobility, ecstasy and slumber. We want to exalt movements of aggression, feverish sleeplessness, the double march, the perilous leap, the slap and the blow with the fist.

4. We declare that the splendor of the world has been enriched by a new beauty: the beauty of speed. A racing automobile with its bonnet adorned with great tubes like serpents with explosive breath ... a roaring motor car…“ –excerpts from Manietti’s Futurist Manifesto

the visual record

chapter 21

dadaism and surrealism (1917 - 1950)

characteristics chief artists major works manifestos

as the subject matter continues to become challenged the

dadaists respond with critique: absurdity and purely

individualized art that challenges everything about reality and what we know;

similarly the surrealists deal in psychology and dreams, further individualizing the media into

pure subjectivity

• Andre Breton• Man Ray• Rene Magritte • Marcel Duchamp • Giorgio de Chirico • Salvador Dali • Pablo Picasso • Joan Miro

• Cut with the Dada Kitchen Knife through the Last Weimar Beer-Belly Cultural Epoch in Germany

• Fountain • The Elephant Celebes• This is not a pipe • Entr'acte (film)

“MANIFESTO OF SURREALISM• Beloved imagination, what I most

like in you is your unsparing quality.

• There remains madness, "the madness that one locks up," as it has aptly been described. That madness or another…. We all know, in fact, that the insane owe their incarceration to a tiny number of legally reprehensible acts…

• It is not the fear of madness which will oblige us to leave the flag of imagination furled.

• Not so fast, there; I’m getting into the area of psychology, a subject about which I shall be careful not to joke. “ – excerpts from Andre Breton’s Surrealist Manifesto

the visual record

chapter 21

abstract expressionism, modernism and pop art (1939 - 1969)

characteristics chief artists major works quotes

continues to break down the subject and remove all

reference to reality/naturalism; questions what is art? and critiques pop culture; pure

abstraction and nonobjectivity; popular art absorbs

consumerism

• Jackson Pollock • Lee Krasner • Piet Mondrian • Franz Kline• Willem de Kooning • Mark Rothko • Hans Hoffman • Richard Hamilton• Andy Warhol • Roy Lichenstein

• 1957-D No. 1.• The Gate• Painting No. 2 (Kline)• The Liver is the Cock's

Comb• Onement 1• Woman V.• No. 5 (Pollock)• Campbell's Tomato Juice

Box

Quotes by Warhol…

“An artist is somebody who produces things that people don't need to have”

“Don't pay any attention to what they write about you. Just measure it in inches.”

“I always thought I'd like my own tombstone to be blank. No epitaph, and no name. Well, actually, I'd like it to say ‘figment’…”

Quotes by Rothko…

“It was with the utmost reluctance that I found the figure could not serve my purposes. But a time came when none of us could use the figure without mutilating it.”

the visual record

chapter 21

minimalism and postmodernism (1940s - present)

characteristics chief artists major works quotes

the only subject matter is the personal, individual and

subjective; simplicity in style; art without a center

• Piet Mondrian • Gerhard Richter • Cindy Sherman• Anselm Kiefer• Frank Stella • Frank Gehry• Zaha Hadid• Shahzia Sikander • Fiona Rae

• Black Square • Composition No. 10

(Mondrian) • To the Unknown Painter• Grane • The Science of Laziness• Harran II• Memantra • Experience Music Project

Quotes about Postmodernism…

“In Modernism, reality used to validate media. In Postmodernism, the media validate reality. If you don't believe this, just think how many times you've described some real event as being 'just like a movie.‘” - Brad Holland

“Postmodernism refuses to privilege any one perspective, and recognizes only difference, never inequality, only fragments, never conflict.”

- Elizabeth Wilson

the critical process• thinking about art today– what is the role of art today?– how has postmodernism changed art? how has it made the subject

matter of a work turn from objective experience to subjective?– is it a merely a repository of cultural artifacts?– can art help us understand our past, present and future?

• The Weather Project, Olafur Eliasson 2003-2004– is this really a form of entertainment vs. art?– does eliasson transport the viewer? does the artist provide a means

for the viewer to see the future?– if art intrudes on this space, and the viewer intrudes on the art, what

does eliasson say about the viewer/art relationship? – what is it about your world that you have come to understand and

appreciate more deeply and fully?chapter 21