THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK IN EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

OBJECTIVE

S: To learn different theoretical

framework like Piaget’s Theory, Behaviorism Theory, Contracts, Consequences, Reinforcement and Extinction

To distinguish the difference of positive and negative reward and punishment

I. PIAGET’S OF COGNITIVE Development

* STAGES OF COGNITIVE

DEVELOPMENT

Sensorimotor (birth- 2

years)

Preoperational (2-7 years)

Concrete Operational (7-11

years)

Formal Operational

(Adolescence/ Adulthood)

* SENSORIMOTOR

STAGE

Begins at birth and last until

18 months – 2 yearsat age.

This stage involves the use of

motor activity without the use

of symbols.

Knowledge is limited in this

stage.

Object performance.

*PREOPERATIONAL

STAGE

During the period between

2 years-7 years .

Begin to use language.

Memory and Imagination.

*CONCRETE

OPERATIONAL STAGE

7- 11 years

Thinking becomes less egocentric.

Intellectual development is demonstrated through the use of logical and systematic manipulation of symbols

FORMAL

OPERATIONAL

Adolescence- Adulthood.

Use symbols related to abstract

concepts.

Think about multiple variables in

systematic ways, can formulate

hypotheses and think about

abstract relationships and

concepts

*CRITICISMS OF

PIAGET’S THEORY

Piaget under estimated children’s

ability.

Thinking within a particular stage

would be similar across tasks.

Efforts to teach children

developmentally advanced

concepts would be unsuccessful.

II. BEHAVIORISM THEORY

* WHAT IS

BEHAVIORISM?

Behaviorism is primarily

concerned with observable

and measurable aspects of

human behavior.

*BEHAVIORISM

ADVOCATES

John Watson B.F. Skinner

III. CONTRACTS , CONSEQUENCES,

REINFORCEMENT AND EXTINCTION

Simple contracts can be

effective in helping children

focus on behavior change.

Consequences occur

immediately after a behavior.

Positive reinforcement is a

presentation of a stimulus that

increases the probability of a

response.

Negative reinforcement

increases the probability of a

response that removes or

prevents an adverse condition.

Punishment involves presenting

a strong stimulus that decreases

the frequency of a particular

response.

Extinction decreases the

probability of a response by

continent withdrawal of previously

reinforced stimulus.