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Mooser’s Train Raymond McLain, 1967

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Page 1: PowerPoint Presentation - courses.csail.mit.educourses.csail.mit.edu/6.849/fall12/lectures/C07_images.pdf · Mooser’s . Train . Raymond . McLain, 1967 . Figure 12.4 on page 423

Mooser’s Train

Raymond McLain,

1967

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Figure 12.4 on page 423 of Origami Design Secrets (1st edition)
Page 2: PowerPoint Presentation - courses.csail.mit.educourses.csail.mit.edu/6.849/fall12/lectures/C07_images.pdf · Mooser’s . Train . Raymond . McLain, 1967 . Figure 12.4 on page 423

Mooser’s Train

Raymond McLain,

1967

folding by Robert Lang

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Figures 12.1 & 12.4 of Origami Design Secrets (1st edition)
Page 3: PowerPoint Presentation - courses.csail.mit.educourses.csail.mit.edu/6.849/fall12/lectures/C07_images.pdf · Mooser’s . Train . Raymond . McLain, 1967 . Figure 12.4 on page 423

Black Forest Cuckoo Clock, opus 182 Robert Lang, 1987

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Image: http://www.langorigami.com/image.php?image=/art/objects/bfcc.jpg from http://www.langorigami.com/art/gallery/gallery.php?name=bfcc Figure from page 494 of Origami Design Secrets (1st edition)
Page 4: PowerPoint Presentation - courses.csail.mit.educourses.csail.mit.edu/6.849/fall12/lectures/C07_images.pdf · Mooser’s . Train . Raymond . McLain, 1967 . Figure 12.4 on page 423

Are there known universal hinge patterns to build poly-some-other-shapes-that-are-not-cubes?

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Figure 2 of Aviv Ovadya’s MEng thesis
Page 5: PowerPoint Presentation - courses.csail.mit.educourses.csail.mit.edu/6.849/fall12/lectures/C07_images.pdf · Mooser’s . Train . Raymond . McLain, 1967 . Figure 12.4 on page 423

Yes/No

Demaine, Demaine,

Stengle 2011

Presenter
Presentation Notes
http://erikdemaine.org/prints/YesNo/
Page 6: PowerPoint Presentation - courses.csail.mit.educourses.csail.mit.edu/6.849/fall12/lectures/C07_images.pdf · Mooser’s . Train . Raymond . McLain, 1967 . Figure 12.4 on page 423

Science/Art Demaine & Demaine, 2011

Presenter
Presentation Notes
http://erikdemaine.org/prints/ScienceArt/
Page 7: PowerPoint Presentation - courses.csail.mit.educourses.csail.mit.edu/6.849/fall12/lectures/C07_images.pdf · Mooser’s . Train . Raymond . McLain, 1967 . Figure 12.4 on page 423

Martin Gardner

Demaine, Demaine

2012

Presenter
Presentation Notes
http://erikdemaine.org/prints/MartinGardner/
Page 8: PowerPoint Presentation - courses.csail.mit.educourses.csail.mit.edu/6.849/fall12/lectures/C07_images.pdf · Mooser’s . Train . Raymond . McLain, 1967 . Figure 12.4 on page 423

GLASS Demaine & Demaine, 2012

Presenter
Presentation Notes
http://erikdemaine.org/prints/Glass/
Page 9: PowerPoint Presentation - courses.csail.mit.educourses.csail.mit.edu/6.849/fall12/lectures/C07_images.pdf · Mooser’s . Train . Raymond . McLain, 1967 . Figure 12.4 on page 423

I didn’t understand the point of NP-hardness. Are there examples of actual problems that can't be calculated?

Page 10: PowerPoint Presentation - courses.csail.mit.educourses.csail.mit.edu/6.849/fall12/lectures/C07_images.pdf · Mooser’s . Train . Raymond . McLain, 1967 . Figure 12.4 on page 423

Could we go through one of the NP proofs with a little less hand waving?

Page 11: PowerPoint Presentation - courses.csail.mit.educourses.csail.mit.edu/6.849/fall12/lectures/C07_images.pdf · Mooser’s . Train . Raymond . McLain, 1967 . Figure 12.4 on page 423

[Arkin, Bender,

Demaine, Demaine, Mitchell, Sethia, Skiena 2000]

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Figure 14.5 of GFALOP
Page 12: PowerPoint Presentation - courses.csail.mit.educourses.csail.mit.edu/6.849/fall12/lectures/C07_images.pdf · Mooser’s . Train . Raymond . McLain, 1967 . Figure 12.4 on page 423

[Arkin, Bender,

Demaine, Demaine, Mitchell, Sethia, Skiena 2000]

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Figures 14.5 and 14.6 of GFALOP
Page 13: PowerPoint Presentation - courses.csail.mit.educourses.csail.mit.edu/6.849/fall12/lectures/C07_images.pdf · Mooser’s . Train . Raymond . McLain, 1967 . Figure 12.4 on page 423

Minor question: in the orthogonal paper reduction, doesn’t this require not folding some of the creases, if we want to make 2 consecutive strips the same direction?

Page 14: PowerPoint Presentation - courses.csail.mit.educourses.csail.mit.edu/6.849/fall12/lectures/C07_images.pdf · Mooser’s . Train . Raymond . McLain, 1967 . Figure 12.4 on page 423

[Bern & Hayes 1996]

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Figure 13.7 of GFALOP
Page 15: PowerPoint Presentation - courses.csail.mit.educourses.csail.mit.edu/6.849/fall12/lectures/C07_images.pdf · Mooser’s . Train . Raymond . McLain, 1967 . Figure 12.4 on page 423

[Bern & Hayes 1996]

crossover

Not All Equal (NAE) clause

reflector wire

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Figure 13.7 of GFALOP
Page 16: PowerPoint Presentation - courses.csail.mit.educourses.csail.mit.edu/6.849/fall12/lectures/C07_images.pdf · Mooser’s . Train . Raymond . McLain, 1967 . Figure 12.4 on page 423

In the reflector gadget, it looks like all the left sides of the wires, where left is taken relative to the free end of the wire, are equal. How does the reflector negate one of them, then?

[Bern & Hayes 1996]

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Figure 13.5 of GFALOP
Page 17: PowerPoint Presentation - courses.csail.mit.educourses.csail.mit.edu/6.849/fall12/lectures/C07_images.pdf · Mooser’s . Train . Raymond . McLain, 1967 . Figure 12.4 on page 423

It looks like the global flat foldability proof proves that globally flat-foldable ⇒ NAE satisfiability ⇒ locally flat-foldable, but I don't see where NAE satisfiability ⇒ globally flat-foldable. (It looks like all that matters is the order of sheets, though, and that those all work out.)

Page 18: PowerPoint Presentation - courses.csail.mit.educourses.csail.mit.edu/6.849/fall12/lectures/C07_images.pdf · Mooser’s . Train . Raymond . McLain, 1967 . Figure 12.4 on page 423

[Bern & Hayes 1996]

crossover

Not All Equal (NAE) clause

reflector wire

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Figure 13.7 of GFALOP
Page 19: PowerPoint Presentation - courses.csail.mit.educourses.csail.mit.edu/6.849/fall12/lectures/C07_images.pdf · Mooser’s . Train . Raymond . McLain, 1967 . Figure 12.4 on page 423

For global flat foldability, I understand how the gadgets prove (1), but how do they prove (2)?

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Page 6 of Erik’s L07 notes
Page 20: PowerPoint Presentation - courses.csail.mit.educourses.csail.mit.edu/6.849/fall12/lectures/C07_images.pdf · Mooser’s . Train . Raymond . McLain, 1967 . Figure 12.4 on page 423

[Bern & Hayes 1996]

tab

wire

true false

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Top figure drawn by Erik. Bottom figure is Figure 11 of http://reference.kfupm.edu.sa/content/c/o/the_complexity_of_flat_origami_115752.pdf
Page 21: PowerPoint Presentation - courses.csail.mit.educourses.csail.mit.edu/6.849/fall12/lectures/C07_images.pdf · Mooser’s . Train . Raymond . McLain, 1967 . Figure 12.4 on page 423

NAE clause

[Bern & Hayes 1996]

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Figure drawn by Erik based on Figure 12 of http://reference.kfupm.edu.sa/content/c/o/the_complexity_of_flat_origami_115752.pdf
Page 22: PowerPoint Presentation - courses.csail.mit.educourses.csail.mit.edu/6.849/fall12/lectures/C07_images.pdf · Mooser’s . Train . Raymond . McLain, 1967 . Figure 12.4 on page 423
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Excerpt from Lecture 2 handwritten notes, page 9
Page 23: PowerPoint Presentation - courses.csail.mit.educourses.csail.mit.edu/6.849/fall12/lectures/C07_images.pdf · Mooser’s . Train . Raymond . McLain, 1967 . Figure 12.4 on page 423

Front Back

[Demaine & Demaine 2003]

Presenter
Presentation Notes
http://erikdemaine.org/puzzles/LCS2003/
Page 24: PowerPoint Presentation - courses.csail.mit.educourses.csail.mit.edu/6.849/fall12/lectures/C07_images.pdf · Mooser’s . Train . Raymond . McLain, 1967 . Figure 12.4 on page 423

[Demaine & Demaine 2003]

1,368 folded states

Presenter
Presentation Notes
http://erikdemaine.org/puzzles/LCS2003/
Page 25: PowerPoint Presentation - courses.csail.mit.educourses.csail.mit.edu/6.849/fall12/lectures/C07_images.pdf · Mooser’s . Train . Raymond . McLain, 1967 . Figure 12.4 on page 423

[Demaine, Liu, Morgan 2012]

NEWS labeling

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Figures from “A Polynomial-Time Algorithm for 2 x n Map Folding”
Page 26: PowerPoint Presentation - courses.csail.mit.educourses.csail.mit.edu/6.849/fall12/lectures/C07_images.pdf · Mooser’s . Train . Raymond . McLain, 1967 . Figure 12.4 on page 423

[Demaine, Liu, Morgan 2012]

top edge view

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Figures from “A Polynomial-Time Algorithm for 2 x n Map Folding”
Page 27: PowerPoint Presentation - courses.csail.mit.educourses.csail.mit.edu/6.849/fall12/lectures/C07_images.pdf · Mooser’s . Train . Raymond . McLain, 1967 . Figure 12.4 on page 423

[Demaine, Liu, Morgan 2012]

top edge view

East West

North South

left right

out in

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Figures from “A Polynomial-Time Algorithm for 2 x n Map Folding”
Page 28: PowerPoint Presentation - courses.csail.mit.educourses.csail.mit.edu/6.849/fall12/lectures/C07_images.pdf · Mooser’s . Train . Raymond . McLain, 1967 . Figure 12.4 on page 423

[Demaine, Liu, Morgan 2012]

ray diagram East West

North South

down up

nesting depth

left right

out in

East West

North South

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Figures from “A Polynomial-Time Algorithm for 2 x n Map Folding”
Page 29: PowerPoint Presentation - courses.csail.mit.educourses.csail.mit.edu/6.849/fall12/lectures/C07_images.pdf · Mooser’s . Train . Raymond . McLain, 1967 . Figure 12.4 on page 423

[Demaine, Liu, Morgan 2012]

East West

North South

down up

nesting depth

constrained constrained unconstrained

valid invalid

ray diagram

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Figures from “A Polynomial-Time Algorithm for 2 x n Map Folding”
Page 30: PowerPoint Presentation - courses.csail.mit.educourses.csail.mit.edu/6.849/fall12/lectures/C07_images.pdf · Mooser’s . Train . Raymond . McLain, 1967 . Figure 12.4 on page 423

[Demaine, Liu, Morgan 2012]

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Figures from “A Polynomial-Time Algorithm for 2 x n Map Folding”
Page 31: PowerPoint Presentation - courses.csail.mit.educourses.csail.mit.edu/6.849/fall12/lectures/C07_images.pdf · Mooser’s . Train . Raymond . McLain, 1967 . Figure 12.4 on page 423

SSESNSNSWSNWNSN

[Demaine, Liu, Morgan 2012]

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Figures from “A Polynomial-Time Algorithm for 2 x n Map Folding”
Page 32: PowerPoint Presentation - courses.csail.mit.educourses.csail.mit.edu/6.849/fall12/lectures/C07_images.pdf · Mooser’s . Train . Raymond . McLain, 1967 . Figure 12.4 on page 423

[Demaine, Liu, Morgan 2012]

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Figures from “A Polynomial-Time Algorithm for 2 x n Map Folding”