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Technical English - II 12th week

CONSTRUCTION SITES

planning control civil works material handling equipment selection legal issues

Site planning and layout Materials handling Equipment selection Site safety and health plan Workersrsquo rights and legal issues

Site manager has to balance among time cost and quality for ensuring the success of the project

ldquoA good construction needs a good planrdquo

plan construction control manager balance time cost quality management plan concerns control task tackle timescale budget delay

Management concerns are To prepare the site for the construction To control the construction daily basis To keep all tasks within the timescale and budget To tackle with any delays or problems To ensure quality health and safety To coordinate communications between all parties involved in the project

OPTIMIZATION bull Time bull Cost bull Material logistic bull Transport

MINIMIZE bull Accident damage

and injury bull Resource utilization bull Transport times bull Material loss bull Waste

MAXIMIZE bull Work safety bull Work and operation

efficiency

plan schedule tracking processes paperwork unexpected complexity mobility

Establishment a good schedule and plan will enforce and encourage the teamwork There reasons to use a management tool Adopt unexpected changes and complexities Save time resources and money Stay on schedule Track processes Maximize resources Effortless access to information Reduced paperwork Improved communication

construction management PERT CPM outcome disaster strike

There are several construction management tools based on CPM and PERT methods which were developed at the end of the 1950s PERT (Program Evaluation Review Technique) method was developed by the US Navy to manage the Polaris submarine missile program CPM (Critical Path Method) was developed for project management in the private sector Basically they are project management techniques and they are also suitable to the planning scheduling and control of large construction project activities The construction project can be completed within the time limit and within the cost by using these techniques However use of these methods does not guaranty the ultimate success of the project management and the desired outcome due to natural disasters unexpected problems strikes by labors wars etc

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network of jobs portray jobs activities sequence

CPM and PERT in Construction Projects

Most large projects can be portrayed by a graph or network of jobs

The project must consist of a well defined collection of jobs or activities which when completed will mark the end of the project

The jobs must be such that they can be started or stopped independently of each other within a given sequence

The jobs are ordered in other words they must be performed in technological sequence ( eg the foundation of a wall must be completed before the wall can be built)

Networks typically flow from left to right

Arrows indicate precedence and flow and can cross over each other

Use unique start and stop nodes

Identify each activity with a unique number this number must be greater than its predecessors

An activity cannot begin until all of its preceding activities are completed

Looping and any conditional statements are not allowed

Network arrow unique node predecessor looping conditional statement

Microsoft Project Management Program

Oraclersquos Primavera P6 Professional Project

Management

soil gravel sand stones briquettes pipes bolts rebar bricks timber

There are 5 major categories of construction materials

- Concrete

- Steel

- Wood

- Masonry

- Glass

concrete timber wooden steel rebar H-beam glass brick masonry

timber

wooden house

concrete

steel rebar

steel H-beam glass

brick masonry

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3

Basic ingredients of concrete are cement water and aggregate Water is a naturally available material Cement and aggregate however require a manufacturing process

cement aggregate crushing plant production plant bag silo limestone

Cement production plant

Cement is stored either in bags or in silos

Aggregates are produced in crushing plants Preferred geologic material for aggregate to be used in concrete is limestone

Although there are financial and logistical challenges some major construction projects have their own concrete plant adjacent to the construction site

hellip the decision of buying versus producinghellip

Launching a bigger construction project or one which is located far off inhabited areas will inevitably face the need to ensure a sufficient supply of concrete for the project Evaluation should be made whether it might be more advantageous to buy ready-mixed concrete from a local supplier or a group of suppliers to buy concrete from an onsite plant provided and operated by a third party or to invest in an own mobile batching plant

Difficulties in large-scale construction projects in rural areas Material and other supply Water Energy Communication Transportation Public healthservices

equipment robustness reliability initial cost functionality efficiency comfort

The construction equipment market is one of the most demanding but also exciting markets Highest requirements and customer expectation in respect to robustness reliability initial costs functionality efficiency and comfort are driving factors

24042018

2

network of jobs portray jobs activities sequence

CPM and PERT in Construction Projects

Most large projects can be portrayed by a graph or network of jobs

The project must consist of a well defined collection of jobs or activities which when completed will mark the end of the project

The jobs must be such that they can be started or stopped independently of each other within a given sequence

The jobs are ordered in other words they must be performed in technological sequence ( eg the foundation of a wall must be completed before the wall can be built)

Networks typically flow from left to right

Arrows indicate precedence and flow and can cross over each other

Use unique start and stop nodes

Identify each activity with a unique number this number must be greater than its predecessors

An activity cannot begin until all of its preceding activities are completed

Looping and any conditional statements are not allowed

Network arrow unique node predecessor looping conditional statement

Microsoft Project Management Program

Oraclersquos Primavera P6 Professional Project

Management

soil gravel sand stones briquettes pipes bolts rebar bricks timber

There are 5 major categories of construction materials

- Concrete

- Steel

- Wood

- Masonry

- Glass

concrete timber wooden steel rebar H-beam glass brick masonry

timber

wooden house

concrete

steel rebar

steel H-beam glass

brick masonry

24042018

3

Basic ingredients of concrete are cement water and aggregate Water is a naturally available material Cement and aggregate however require a manufacturing process

cement aggregate crushing plant production plant bag silo limestone

Cement production plant

Cement is stored either in bags or in silos

Aggregates are produced in crushing plants Preferred geologic material for aggregate to be used in concrete is limestone

Although there are financial and logistical challenges some major construction projects have their own concrete plant adjacent to the construction site

hellip the decision of buying versus producinghellip

Launching a bigger construction project or one which is located far off inhabited areas will inevitably face the need to ensure a sufficient supply of concrete for the project Evaluation should be made whether it might be more advantageous to buy ready-mixed concrete from a local supplier or a group of suppliers to buy concrete from an onsite plant provided and operated by a third party or to invest in an own mobile batching plant

Difficulties in large-scale construction projects in rural areas Material and other supply Water Energy Communication Transportation Public healthservices

equipment robustness reliability initial cost functionality efficiency comfort

The construction equipment market is one of the most demanding but also exciting markets Highest requirements and customer expectation in respect to robustness reliability initial costs functionality efficiency and comfort are driving factors

24042018

3

Basic ingredients of concrete are cement water and aggregate Water is a naturally available material Cement and aggregate however require a manufacturing process

cement aggregate crushing plant production plant bag silo limestone

Cement production plant

Cement is stored either in bags or in silos

Aggregates are produced in crushing plants Preferred geologic material for aggregate to be used in concrete is limestone

Although there are financial and logistical challenges some major construction projects have their own concrete plant adjacent to the construction site

hellip the decision of buying versus producinghellip

Launching a bigger construction project or one which is located far off inhabited areas will inevitably face the need to ensure a sufficient supply of concrete for the project Evaluation should be made whether it might be more advantageous to buy ready-mixed concrete from a local supplier or a group of suppliers to buy concrete from an onsite plant provided and operated by a third party or to invest in an own mobile batching plant

Difficulties in large-scale construction projects in rural areas Material and other supply Water Energy Communication Transportation Public healthservices

equipment robustness reliability initial cost functionality efficiency comfort

The construction equipment market is one of the most demanding but also exciting markets Highest requirements and customer expectation in respect to robustness reliability initial costs functionality efficiency and comfort are driving factors

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equipment robustness reliability initial cost functionality efficiency comfort

Construction professionals can use various tech tools to reduce cost and to increase efficiency

Sometimes a small tool has a big impact on project costs in construction industry

Contractors have found that there are many opportunities to rent some of their construction equipment for jobs instead of purchasing Regardless of what a company decides there are always benefits and challenges to renting versus owning construction equipment

Advantages of Renting Construction Equipment When deciding between renting versus buying construction equipment construction contractors should analyze the current financial capabilities of the company the age of their current fleet and short and long term project needs

Low investment maintenance and repair cost

contractor renting buying purchasing owning fleet long term project needs site safety warning signs regulation hazards accident injury vandalism

Construction site safety perhaps is the most important issue in construction industry with regard to workers and employers Also it is one of the projects success factors along with time cost and quality

Security and Safety

To avoid accident

To prevent injury

To protect equipment and machinery

To protect workers visitors and public

To prevent fire on site

To avoid losses of materials through theft and vandalism and careless behavior

burden succumb occupational struck fall contact caught compressed economic activities fatal and non-fatal accidents extraterritorial

Fatal and non-fatal accidents at work by economic activity

EU-28 2014 ( of fatal and non-fatal accidents)

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awareness fall trench scaffold electric shock arc flash repetitive motion

Potential hazards for workers in construction include

Falls (from heights)

Trench collapse

Scaffold collapse

Electric shock and arc flasharc blast

Failure to use proper personal protective equipment and

Repetitive motion injuries

awareness training communication documentation proper equipment supervision innovation transparency

Essential Construction Safety Tips

1) Awareness

2) Training

3) Communication

4) Documentation

5) Proper Equipment

6) Supervision

7) Innovation

8) Transparency

PPE equipment safety risks helmet glove eye protection footwear

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

PPE is equipment that will protect the user against health or safety risks at work It can include items such as safety helmets gloves eye protection high-visibility clothing safety footwear and safety harnesses It also includes respiratory protective equipment (RPE)

OSHA Checklist for the Construction Industry The Occupational Safety and Health Administration more commonly known by its acronym OSHA is responsible for protecting worker health and safety in the United States The checklist includes more than 300 questions under the following titles

Administrative Requirements General Safety and Health Occupational Health and Environmental

Controls Personal Protective Equipment and Life

Saving Equipment Fire Protection Signs Signals and Barricades Materials Handling Storage Disposal Tools Hand and Power Welding and Cutting Electrical Scaffolding Fall Protection Cranes Derricks Hoists Elevators and

Conveyors

Motor Vehicles Mechanized Equipment

Excavations Concrete and Masonry

Construction Steel Erection Underground Construction Caissons and Cofferdams Compressed Air Demolition Blasting and Explosives Power Transmission and

Distribution Rollover Protective Structures

Overhead Protection Stairways and Ladders Toxic and Hazardous Substances

surface encumbrances trench stairways ladders raps vehicular warning vest

OSHA Checklist for the Construction Industry Here some examples related to excavations

Ministry of Labor and Social Security is the responsible intuition for the occupational administration in Turkey

Coming soonhellip

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In Turkey occupational health and safety is within the working area of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security There are four main actors taking place in Occupational Health and Safety System in Turkey and working on issues related with OHS within the Ministry Directorate General of OHS Labor Inspectorate Board CcedilASGEM SGK

Training and Research Centre for Labor and Social Security (CcedilASGEM) organize the training for professionals and other related target groups for OHS besides the other trainings related to labor life

Workplace Legal Issues

Discrimination (Discrimination is treating or proposing to treat someone unfavorably because of a personal characteristic protected by law)

Harassment (It covers a wide range of behaviors of an offensive nature It is commonly understood as behavior that disturbs or upsets and it is characteristically repetitive In the legal sense it is behavior that appears to be disturbing or threatening)

Workers Rights (Labor rights or workers rights are a group of legal rights and claimed human rights having to do with labor relations between workers and their employers usually obtained under labor and employment law In general these rights debates have to do with negotiating workers pay benefits and safe working conditions)

Well planned and designed construction sites are also an enjoyable workplace environment