PP 5.1: IWRM Planning PP 5.1: IWRM Planning FrameworkFramework

PP 5.1: IWRM Planning PP 5.1: IWRM Planning FrameworkFramework

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Module Objective and ScopeModule Objective and ScopeModule Objective and ScopeModule Objective and Scope

Participants acquire knowledge of the Principles of Good Basin Planning and can apply the principles in their basin planning process.

What are the Principles of Good Basin Planning Knowledge-based Approach to Planning Meaningful Stakeholder Engagement Effective Organizational Arrangements Integration and Coordination Across Sectors and

Areas of Expertise Informative Monitoring and Evaluation

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What are Scenarios?What are Scenarios?What are Scenarios?What are Scenarios?

Scenarios are used to compare various “what if” cases. They provide a structured method of thinking about possible future water resource development and management options, opportunities and risks, and how these interact. The results are useful for consensus building and decision making.

Scenarios are usually built from a combination of facts and possible changes, situations or future series of events. Development scenarios for BDP purposes are defined by assumptions of:

(1) future hydrological conditions; (2) future water demands; and (3) interventions assumed to be in place.

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WHAT DO WE MEAN BY A WHAT DO WE MEAN BY A SCENARIO?SCENARIO?

WHAT DO WE MEAN BY A WHAT DO WE MEAN BY A SCENARIO?SCENARIO?

A scenario is a description of a specific set of future events and circumstances. It is not a forecast of the future, but rather is something that is foreseen as being possible.

For BDP, the set of events and circumstances will be limited to those that involve the water resources of the Mekong Basin

In the WUP DSF, scenarios are defined as a combination of: hydrological circumstances (determined mainly by climate) demands (determined by sectoral demand, population

growth, economic conditions etc) interventions to meet demands (such as dams, irrigation

projects, water laws, operating procedures etc).

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WHY CREATE SCENARIOS?WHY CREATE SCENARIOS?WHY CREATE SCENARIOS?WHY CREATE SCENARIOS?

Scenarios in BDP will used to study the results (costs and benefits) of:

Events we think will happen anyway (eg population growth, urbanisation etc)

Events that might happen (we can generally think of these as ‘risks’, for example climate change)

Events that we can make happen (interventions) - such as creating development, building new structures, and operating existing structures.

These studies will enable evaluation of the desirability of possible water-based developments & will help to define strategies for water resources development.

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Objectives of an Integrated River Objectives of an Integrated River Basin Plan for the Mekong BasinBasin Plan for the Mekong BasinObjectives of an Integrated River Objectives of an Integrated River Basin Plan for the Mekong BasinBasin Plan for the Mekong BasinArticle 2 of the MRC Agreement defines the

objective of an Integrated Basin Plan.Key points Cooperation and coordination between nations Sustainable benefits for all nations Prevention of wasteful use Emphasis on joint and/or basin wide development projects:

The BDP approach considers the basin-wide development opportunities and constraints that arise through sharing the resources of the Lower Mekong

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Water Management Principles Water Management Principles (Dublin 1992)(Dublin 1992)

Water Management Principles Water Management Principles (Dublin 1992)(Dublin 1992)

Principle 1: Fresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource, essential to sustain life, development and the environment.

Principle 2: Water development and management should be based on a participatory approach, involving users, planners and policymakers at all levels.

Principle 3: Women play a central part in the provision, management and safeguarding of water

Principle 4: Water has an economic value in all its competing uses and should be recognised as an economic good as well as a social good.

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General Basin Planning IssuesGeneral Basin Planning IssuesGeneral Basin Planning IssuesGeneral Basin Planning Issues

Involvement of key decision makers and partners Identification of the problem(s) to be solved – if a problem is defined too

narrowly, one may overlook innovative solutions Analysis of the situation or problem(s), as it is important to understand

the causes of the problem, as well as the dynamics which might help to solve it

Prioritisation of problems to be solved and concerns to be addressed (scoping)

Formulation of objectives and indicators Determination of potential solutions to achieve formulated objectives Evaluation of potential solutions in terms of technical and economic

feasibility, probable impacts, political acceptability, etc. Decision making and documentation Implementation of the decisions Evaluation of the success of the implementation and modification of the

plan as required

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Why basin planning?Why basin planning?Why basin planning?Why basin planning?

The most powerful reason for planning at the basin level is to address priority water problems affecting society and to stimulate growth and development. Basin plans for water resources are therefore set within the realities of water availability, within the geographical and political context and will take into account all activities and developments requiring water or influencing the water resources which include – ecological requirements, water supply and sanitation,

irrigation, land use and forestry, fisheries, hydropower and industrial use.

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How Does Basin Development How Does Basin Development Planning Work?Planning Work?

How Does Basin Development How Does Basin Development Planning Work?Planning Work?

Basin. The planning process comprises seven stages in a rolling cycle:

Stage 1: Analysis of common issues such as hydropower, irrigation, flooding, fisheries, navigation, environment in the Lower Mekong Basin and its sub-areas, including review of policies and plans at national level and development of planning frameworks at sub-area levels;

Stage 2: Formulation and assessment of basin-wide development scenarios;

Stage 3: Formulation of strategies to guide basin development and management, based on IWRM principles;

Stage 4: Development of a database of planned and identified projects; Stage 5: Screening, ranking and prioritisation of projects to compile the project

portfolio; Stage 6: Preparation of the IWRM-based BDP by integrating the development

scenarios, IWRM-based basin strategy and project portfolio into a coherent and consistent plan; and

Stage 7: Supporting the promotion and implementation of projects, monitoring BDP implementation, and periodically evaluating and updating the Plan.

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River Basin PlansRiver Basin PlansRiver Basin PlansRiver Basin Plans The IWRM Toolbox (Global Water Partnership 2002) recommended

that basin plans should include information on the following items: • Physical description of the basin • Land use inventories • Current water availability and demands • Pollution source inventories • Aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem needs • Vulnerability to floods or extreme meteorological events • Identification of stakeholders and mechanisms for participation • Implications of changing land use • Identification of priority issues (impact issues or user requirement

issues) • Short‐ and long‐term goals for the river basin

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Basin Plans (Cont.)Basin Plans (Cont.)Basin Plans (Cont.)Basin Plans (Cont.)

Water related development scenarios, future water demands + risk assessments

• Water allocation and water quality objectives • Strategy, measures and action plans for the

achievement of goals, including sub‐basin management plans • Financing of water use and management • Responsibility and schedules for implementation • Mechanisms for monitoring and updating • Annexes including specific studies such as areas of

significant environmental problems

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Key questions to help move forward river Key questions to help move forward river basin and sub‐basin planning:basin and sub‐basin planning:

Key questions to help move forward river Key questions to help move forward river basin and sub‐basin planning:basin and sub‐basin planning:

1. Has the basin organization or the responsible water resources agency developed a river basin or water resources planning process? Have senior policy makers endorsed it?

2. Are there adequate data and information – economic, environmental, and social –for the planning process to be effective? Is more targeted research needed?

3. Does the planning process include genuine participatory processes for the basin community to provide input and make contributions?

4. Does the planning process include bottom‐up planning to address the water‐related problems and needs of local communities?

5. How do basin and sub‐basin management plans incorporate risk assessment of proposed projects?

Pp 5.2 Applying Planning Framework

A. Knowledge-based Planning

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Information on benefits and Information on benefits and costscosts

Information on benefits and Information on benefits and costscosts

Identifying benefits and costs requires knowledge on whether the benefits of a water resource development will be realised and what the potential costs of the development might be ? All nations in the Basin must be committed to gaining and sharing this knowledge.

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Different types of knowledgeDifferent types of knowledgeDifferent types of knowledgeDifferent types of knowledge

Engineering / hydrology informationEnvironmental informationSocial informationEconomic information

Give some examples of each of these for a water resource development.

B. Meaningful Stakeholder Engagement

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Better knowledge will be gained Better knowledge will be gained through stakeholder engagementthrough stakeholder engagementBetter knowledge will be gained Better knowledge will be gained

through stakeholder engagementthrough stakeholder engagement Stakeholders are all those people who have

an interest in water resource development.

There are many stakeholders involved in a Basin plan:– Government;– River basin organisations– Experts both scientific and local– Civil society groups– Industry representatives– Community representatives and community

members

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Stakeholder engagement in Stakeholder engagement in the MRC relies upon member the MRC relies upon member

governmentsgovernments

Stakeholder engagement in Stakeholder engagement in the MRC relies upon member the MRC relies upon member

governmentsgovernmentsThe MRC is unique in that it works

through member countries two key questions for the MRC are:– How effective the member countries are in

engaging stakeholders, and – How can member countries be assisted to

be more effective.

C. Effective Organizational Arrangements

Relationships between Watersheds and Administrative Hierarchies

Reference: Tuyll, C. 2007: MRC GTZ Watershed Management Programme – Consultative Meeting Viet Nam April 2007. Power Point Presentation.

Government

Private Sector

NGOs

UserOrganisations

Country

Province

District

Commune

Energy Interior

Agriculture ForestryWater

Resources

Rural Development

PlanningWomen's

AffairsLand

Management

Horizontal consistency

Vert

ical con

sis

ten

cy

NationalRiver Basin Organisation

WatershedCommittee

CatchmentGroup

RegionalRiver Basin Organisation

Institutional consistency

Government

Private Sector

NGOs

UserOrganisations

Government

Private Sector

NGOs

UserOrganisations

Government

Private Sector

NGOs

UserOrganisations

Sectors Involved:

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Pak Mun DamPak Mun Dam

Completed 19941994

Pak Mun Dam - Thailand

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Scenarios to IWRM StrategiesScenarios to IWRM StrategiesScenarios to IWRM StrategiesScenarios to IWRM Strategies

Economic valuation / social impacts Trade-offs Negotiation and consultation

Total Econimic Value

Domestic13% Tourism

2%

HydroPower18%

Agriculture67%

Total economic value

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Working with Fisheries AgenciesWorking with Fisheries Agencies

CambodiaDepartment of Fisheries

Lao PDR NAFRI ( LARReC)

Thailand Department of Fisheries

(Inland Fisheries R&D Bureau)

Viet NamMinistry of Fisheries( RIA.2 and RIA.3)

Phnom Penh Vientiane

Udon Thani Ban Me ThuotHCM City

TAB

CNMC LNMC

TNMC VNMC

2819

Migration to

floodplain

Migration from

floodplain White fish migrates and spawns within river channels

Black fish spawning

Feeding

&

Growth

2923

Migration patterns for Helicophagus waandersii

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Setting prioritiesSetting prioritiesSetting prioritiesSetting priorities

• Specify and prioritise natural resources management issues clearly and within national planning and development goals.

• Specify how each issue will be addressed in the planning process.

• Check each priority issue against the constraints and opportunities of the basin’s hydrology.

• Relate priorities to financial resources. • Do what is most pressing first!

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Criteria for prioritising WRM Criteria for prioritising WRM problemsproblems

Criteria for prioritising WRM Criteria for prioritising WRM problemsproblems

It is a barrier to solving other problems. Has an impact on a large number of people. Is a major equity issue. Will improve development and reduce

poverty. Will significantly improve efficiency. Will positively impact on environment. Will improve water resource availability.

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Setting priorities, evaluating and ranking water resources issues

Setting priorities, evaluating and ranking water resources issues

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Basin Planning in Mekong Basin Planning in Mekong ContextContext

Basin Planning in Mekong Basin Planning in Mekong ContextContext

The plan comply withSound EnvironmentalSocial and Economic PrinciplesFree of transboundary conflicts