PLANT TISSUES&

ANIMAL TISSUES

PLANT TISSUES• A plant tissue can be defined as a cell or a group of

cells dividing, to give rise to large number of cell, which is collectively referred as tissues. They are structurally and functionally similar to these cells.• There are two types of plant tissues-1) Meristematic Tissue 2) Permanent Tissue

MERISTEMATIC TISSUE• The meristematic tissue is an area of active plant growth.

Undifferentiated cells divide and form new, specialized cells. Meristematic tissue may be the cambium layer, leaf or flower buds, shoot tips, or root tips.• There are three types of meristematic tissue-1) Apical Meristem 2) Lateral Meristem 3) Intercalary Meristem

• Apical Meristem- It is present at the growing tips of stems and roots and increases the length of the stem and the root.• Lateral Meristem- The girth of

the stem or root increases due to lateral meristem.• Intercalary Meristem- It is the

meristem at the base of the leaves or internodes on twigs.

PERMANENT TISSUE• Permanent tissue is a plant tissue that has completed its growth and differentiation and is usually incapable of meristematic activity.• There are two type of permanent tissue-

1) Simple Permanent Tissue 2) Complex Permanent Tissue

SIMPLE PERMANENT TISSUE•A group of cells which are similar in origin, similar in structure and similar in function are called simple permanent tissue.• There are three types of simple permanent tissue-1) Parenchyma2) Collenchyma3) Sclerenchyma

COMPLEX PERMANENT TISSUE•Complex tissues help in the transportation of organic

material, water and minerals up and down the plants. That is why it is also known as conducting and vascular tissue. • The common types of complex permanent

tissue are: Xylem or wood. Phloem or bast.

ANIMAL TISSUES• Animal Tissues- A pliable sheet of tissue that covers or lines or

connects the organs or cells of animals or plants. cortex. the tissue forming the outer layer of an organ or structure in  animal. medulla. the inner part of an organ or structure in  animal.• There are four types of animal tissues-1) Epithelial Tissue 2) Connective Tissue 3) Muscular Tissue 4) Nervous Tissue

EPITHELIAL TISSUE• Epithelial tissue is a membranous tissue covering internal

organs and other internal surfaces of the body.• There are 4 types of Epithelial tissue-1) Simple Squamous2) Simple Cuboidal3) Simple Columnar4) Stratified Squamous

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

•Connective tissue is a tissue that connects, supports, binds, or separates other tissues or organs, typically having relatively few cells embedded in an amorphous matrix, often with collagen or other fibres, and including cartilaginous, fatty, and elastic tissues.• There are five types of connective tissue-1)Areolar Tissue 2) Adipose Tissue3) Compact Bone 4) Hyaline Cartilage5) Blood Cell

AREOLAR TISSUE • Areolar tissue is a common type of loose connective

tissue. It is so named because its fibers are far enough apart to leave ample open space for interstitial tissue in between.• It consists of six parts-1) Reticular fibre 2) fibroblast3) Macrophage 4) Collagen fibre5) Mast Cell 6) Plasma Cell

ADIPOSE TISSUE• Adipose tissue, or fat, is an anatomical term for

loose connective tissue composed of adipocytes. Its main role is to store energy in the form of fat, although it also cushions and insulates the body.

COMPACT BONE•  Compact bone, is one of the two types of osseous

tissue that form bones. Cortical bone facilitates bone's main functions: to support the whole body, protect organs, provide levers for movement, and store and release chemical elements, mainly calcium.

HYALINE CARTILAGE

•A translucent bluish-white type of cartilage present in the joints, the respiratory tract, and the immature skeleton.

BLOOD CELLS• Blood is a connective tissue that has a fluid

matrix, called plasma, and no fibers. Erythrocytes (red blood cells), the predominant cell type, are involved in the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

MUSCULAR TISSUE• A body tissue composed of elongated cells

(called muscle fibers) that contract to produce movement. In vertebrate animals, voluntary movement is produced by the action of muscles on bone. Movement of the muscles of the heart and other organs is involuntary and controlled by the autonomic nervous system.• There are three types of muscular tissue-1) Striated Muscle 2) Smooth Muscle3) Cardiac Muscle

STRIATED MUSCLE•Muscle tissue in which the contractile fibrils in the

cells are aligned in parallel bundles, so that their different regions form stripes visible in a microscope. Muscles of this type are attached to the skeleton by tendons and are under voluntary control.

SMOOTH MUSCLE•Muscle tissue that contracts without conscious control, ha

ving the form of thin layers or sheets made up of spindle-shaped, unstriated cells with single nuclei and found in the walls of the internal organs, such as the stomach, intestine, bladder, and blood vessels, excluding the heart.

CARDIAC MUSCLE•Cardiac muscle (heart muscle) is an involuntary,

striated muscle that is found in the walls and histological foundation of the heart, specifically the myocardium. Cardiac muscle is one of three major types of muscle, the others being skeletal and smooth muscle.

NERVOUS TISSUE•Nervous tissue is the main component of the two

parts of the nervous system; the brain and spinal cord of the central nervous system (CNS), and the branching peripheral nerves of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which regulates and controls bodily functions and activity.