ppt on power electronics

7/21/2019 PPT ON POWER ELECTRONICS

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Power Electronics

Chapter 1

Introduction



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OutlineOutline

I.I. What is power electronics?What is power electronics?

II.II. The historyThe history

III.III. Applications Applications

IV.IV. A simple example A simple example

V.V. About this course About this course



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I.I. What is power electronics?What is power electronics?

1)1) e!initione!inition

")") #elation with in!ormation electronics#elation with in!ormation electronics

$)$) The inter%isciplinary natureThe inter%isciplinary nature

&)&) Position an% si'ni!icance in the human societyPosition an% si'ni!icance in the human society



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Power ElectronicsPower Electronics((

A more exact explanationA more exact explanation((

is the electronics applie% to conersion an% control o!

electric power.

Range of power scale :Range of power scale :

milliwatts*mW) me'awatts*+W) 'i'awatts*,W)

1)1) efinitionefinition

The primary tas- o! power electronics is to process an%

control the !low o! electric ener'y by supplyin' olta'es

an% currents in a !orm that is optimally suite% !or user

loa%s.



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!on"ersion of electric power !on"ersion of electric power

ther names !or electricther names !or electric power conerter(power conerter( /Power conerter

/Conerter

/0witchin' conerter

/Power electronic circuit /Power electronic conerter

ElectricPower

Converter

Power Power

outputoutput

Power Power

inputinput

ControlControl

inputinput

re2uency3 ma'nitu%e3re2uency3 ma'nitu%e3

number o! phasesnumber o! phases AC *Alternatin' Current) AC *Alternatin' Current)

+a'nitu%e+a'nitu%eC*irect Current)C*irect Current)

Chan'eable properties inChan'eable properties in

conersionconersionTwo types o! electric power Two types o! electric power



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!lassification of power con"erters!lassification of power con"erters

CC AC AC

AC AC to C conerter

*#ecti!ier)

AC to AC conerter

* ixe% !re2uency ( AC controller

Variable !re2uency( Cycloconerter or!re2uency conerter)

C C to C conerter

*Chopper)

C to AC conerter

*Inerter)

Poweroutput

Power

input



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Power electronic s#stemPower electronic s#stem

,eneric structure o! a power electronic system,eneric structure o! a power electronic system

Power

Converter

Power

outputPower

input

Controller ee%!orwar%4ee%bac- ee%bac-4ee%!orwar%

#e!erence

*comman%in')

* measurements o! output* measurements o! outputsi'nals )si'nals )

* measurements o! inputsi'nals )

Control is inariably re2uire%. Power conerter alon' with its controller inclu%in' the

correspon%in' measurement an% inter!ace circuits3 is

also calle% power electronic system.

Control input



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$#pical power sources an% loa%s$#pical power sources an% loa%s

for a power electronic s#stemfor a power electronic s#stem

The tas- o! power electronics has been recentlyexten%e% to also ensurin' the currents an% power

consume% by power conerters an% loa%s to meet

the re2uirement o! electric ener'y sources.

/Electric +otor

/li'ht

/heatin'/power conerter/other electric or

electronic e2uipme

Power Power

Conerter Conerter 0ource0ource

Power inputPower input Power outputPower output5oa%5oa%

Controller Controller

#e!erence#e!erence

/Electric utility

/battery

/other electric ener'y source/power conerter

Vi ii io Vo

ee%bac-4ee%bac-4

ee% !orwar%ee% !orwar%



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A !lassification of electronics &# processing o&'ectA !lassification of electronics &# processing o&'ect

()() Relation with information electronicsRelation with information electronics

ElectronicsElectronicsIn!ormation electronics( to process in!ormationIn!ormation electronics( to process in!ormation

Power electronics( to process electric power Power electronics( to process electric power

Other classifications of electronicsOther classifications of electronics

ElectronicsElectronics

Vacuum electronics( usin' acuum %eices3Vacuum electronics( usin' acuum %eices3

e.'3 acuum tubes %eicese.'3 acuum tubes %eices

0oli% *0oli% state) electronics( usin' soli% state %eices30oli% *0oli% state) electronics( usin' soli% state %eices3

e.'3 semicon%uctor %eicese.'3 semicon%uctor %eices


Applie% electronics( application o! electronic Applie% electronics( application o! electronic

%eices to arious areas%eices to arious areas

Physical electronics( physics3material3!abrication3Physical electronics( physics3material3!abrication3

an% manu!acturin' o! electronican% manu!acturin' o! electronic

%eices%eices



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)) $he inter%isciplinar# nature$he inter%isciplinar# nature

William E. *ewell+s %escriptionWilliam E. *ewell+s %escription

Electronics

e ) i c

e s

3 c i r c

u i t s Power

0 t a t i c 6

r o t a

t i n '

p o w e r e

2 u i p m e

n t

Power Electronics

Continuous3Continuous3

%iscrete%iscrete

!ontrol

Power electronics is the inter!ace betweenPower electronics is the inter!ace between

electronics an% power.electronics an% power.



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Relation with multiple %isciplinesRelation with multiple %isciplines

Power electronics is currently the most actiePower electronics is currently the most actie

%iscipline in electric power en'ineerin' worl%wi%e%iscipline in electric power en'ineerin' worl%wi%e ..

Power Power electronicselectronics

0ystems 60ystems 6

Control theoryControl theory

CircuitCircuit

theorytheory

0i'nal0i'nal

processin'processin'

0imulation 60imulation 6

computin'computin'


0oli% state0oli% state

physicsphysicsElectroma'neticsElectroma'netics

PowerPower

systemssystems

ElectricElectric

machinesmachines



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,),) Position an% significancePosition an% significance

in the human societ#in the human societ#

Electric power is use% in almost eery aspect an%Electric power is use% in almost eery aspect an%eerywhere o! mo%ern human society.eerywhere o! mo%ern human society.

Electric power is the ma7or !orm o! ener'y source use% inElectric power is the ma7or !orm o! ener'y source use% inmo%ern human society.mo%ern human society.

The ob7ectie o! power electronics is exactly about how toThe ob7ectie o! power electronics is exactly about how touse electric power3 an% how to use it e!!ectiely an%use electric power3 an% how to use it e!!ectiely an%e!!iciently3 an% how to improe the 2uality an% utili8ation o!e!!iciently3 an% how to improe the 2uality an% utili8ation o!electric power.electric power.

Power electronics an% in!ormation electronics ma-e twoPower electronics an% in!ormation electronics ma-e two

poles o! mo%ern technolo'y an% human society99poles o! mo%ern technolo'y an% human society99in!ormation electronics is the brain3an% power electronics isin!ormation electronics is the brain3an% power electronics isthe muscle.the muscle.



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II.II. $he histor#$he histor#

The threa% o! the power electronics history precisely !ollows an% matchesThe threa% o! the power electronics history precisely !ollows an% matchesthe brea-/throu'h an% eolution o! power electronic %eicesthe brea-/throu'h an% eolution o! power electronic %eices

late 1:;<slate 1:;<smi% 1:=<smi% 1:=<s1:>=1:>=1:<<1:<<

+ercury arc recti!ier+ercury arc recti!ier

Vacuum/tube recti!ierVacuum/tube recti!ierThyratronThyratron

Inention o!Inention o!

Thyristor

Power %io%ePower %io%e

Thyristor Thyristor

Applica Application o!ion o!

!ast/switchin'!ast/switchin'

!ully/controlle%!ully/controlle%

semicon%uctorsemicon%uctor

%eices%eices,T,T

,T#,T#

Power +0ETPower +0ET

Thyristor Thyristor

*microprocessor)*microprocessor)

I,TI,T

Power +0ETPower +0ETThyristor Thyristor

*0P)*0P)

Pre/historyPre/history 1st phase1st phase "n% phase"n% phase $r% phase$r% phase



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III.III. ApplicationsApplications

In%ustrialIn%ustrial

TransportationTransportation

@tility systems@tility systems

Power supplies !or all -in%s o! electronic e2uipmentPower supplies !or all -in%s o! electronic e2uipment

#esi%ential an% home appliances#esi%ential an% home appliances

0pace technolo'y0pace technolo'y

ther applicationsther applications



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In%ustrial applicationsIn%ustrial applications

+otor %ries+otor %ries

ElectrolysisElectrolysis

Electroplatin'Electroplatin'

In%uction heatin'In%uction heatin'

Wel%in'Wel%in'

Arc !urnaces an% oens Arc !urnaces an% oens

5i'htin'5i'htin'



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$ransportation applications$ransportation applications

Trains 6 locomotiesTrains 6 locomoties

0ubways0ubways

Trolley busesTrolley buses

+a'netic leitation+a'netic leitation

Electric ehiclesElectric ehicles

Automotie electronics Automotie electronics

0hip power systems0hip power systems

Aircra!t power systems Aircra!t power systems



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-tilit# s#stems applications-tilit# s#stems applications

i'h/olta'e %ci'h/olta'e %ctransmission*VC)transmission*VC)

lexible ac transmission*ACT0)lexible ac transmission*ACT0)

0tatic ar compensation 60tatic ar compensation 6

harmonics suppression( TC#3 T0C3harmonics suppression( TC#3 T0C30V,3 AP0V,3 AP

Custom power 6 power 2ualityCustom power 6 power 2uality

controlcontrol

0upplemental ener'y sources (0upplemental ener'y sources (

win%3 photooltaic3 !uel cellswin%3 photooltaic3 !uel cells

Ener'y stora'e systemsEner'y stora'e systems



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Power supplies for electronic euipmentPower supplies for electronic euipment

TelecommunicationsTelecommunications

ComputersComputers

!!ice e2uipment!!ice e2uipment

Electronic instrumentsElectronic instruments

Portable or mobilePortable or mobile

electronicselectronics

serer serer computer computer

$elecommunication$elecommunication



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Resi%ential an% home appliancesResi%ential an% home appliances

5i'htin'5i'htin'

eatin'eatin'

Air con%itionin' Air con%itionin'

#e!ri'eration 6 !ree8ers#e!ri'eration 6 !ree8ers

Coo-in'Coo-in'

Cleanin'Cleanin'

Entertainin'Entertainin'



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Applications in space technolog#Applications in space technolog#

0paceship power systems0paceship power systems

0atellite power systems0atellite power systems

0pace ehicle power0pace ehicle power

systemssystems



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Other applicationsOther applications

Buclear reactor controlBuclear reactor control

Power systems !orPower systems !or

particle acceleratorsparticle accelerators

EnironmentalEnironmental

en'ineerin'en'ineerin'



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$ren%s$ren%s

It is estimate% that in %eelope% countries now <Do! the electric ener'y 'oes throu'h some -in% o!

power electronics conerters be!ore it is !inally use%.

re%uction o! ener'y consumption lea%s to less pollution

re%uction o! pollution pro%uce% by power conerters

%irect applications to enironment protection technolo'y

Power electronics has been ma-in' ma7or

contributions to( //better per!ormance o! power supplies an% better control o!

electric e2uipment

//ener'y sain'

//enironment protection



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I/.I/. A simple exampleA simple example

A simple %c/%c conerter example A simple %c/%c conerter example

Input source(1<<VInput source(1<<V

utput loa%(><V3 1<A3 ><<Wutput loa%(><V3 1<A3 ><<W

ow can this conerter be reali8e%?ow can this conerter be reali8e%?



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issipati"e reali0ationissipati"e reali0ation

#esistie olta'e %ii%er #esistie olta'e %ii%er



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issipati"e reali0ationissipati"e reali0ation

0eries pass re'ulator(0eries pass re'ulator( transistor operates in actie re'iontransistor operates in actie re'ion



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-se of a P$ switch-se of a P$ switch

0PT( 0in'le pole %ouble throw0PT( 0in'le pole %ouble throw



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$he switch changes the %c "oltage le"el$he switch changes the %c "oltage le"el



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A%%ition of low pass filter A%%ition of low pass filter

A%%ition o! *i%eally lossless) 5/C low/pass !ilter3 !or A%%ition o! *i%eally lossless) 5/C low/pass !ilter3 !orremoal o! switchin' harmonics(remoal o! switchin' harmonics(

Choose !ilter cuto!! !re2uencyChoose !ilter cuto!! !re2uency f f 00 much smaller thanmuch smaller than

switchin' !re2uencyswitchin' !re2uency f f ss

This circuit is -nown as the buc- conerterFThis circuit is -nown as the buc- conerterF



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A%%ition of control s#stem forA%%ition of control s#stem for

regulation of output "oltageregulation of output "oltage



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2a'or issues in power electronics2a'or issues in power electronics

ow to meet the re2uirement o! the loa% or 'ain betterow to meet the re2uirement o! the loa% or 'ain bettercontrol o! the loa%control o! the loa%

ow to improe the e!!iciencyow to improe the e!!iciency

//!or reliable operation o! power semicon%uctor//!or reliable operation o! power semicon%uctor

%eices%eices//!or ener'y sain'//!or ener'y sain'

ow to reali8e power conersion with less olume3 lessow to reali8e power conersion with less olume3 lesswei'ht3 an% less costwei'ht3 an% less cost

ow to re%uce ne'atie in!luence to other e2uipment inow to re%uce ne'atie in!luence to other e2uipment inthe electric power system an% to the electroma'neticthe electric power system an% to the electroma'neticenironmentenironment

ppt on power electronics

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