Practices of environment protection through energy efficiency implementation

-trends-

Presentation by PD Dr. habil. Frank Riesbeck, Humboldt-University at Berlin

International Conference„Environmental Protection and Energy Effiiciency

-Practices, opportunities, actions,

Prishtina, 20.10. – 21.10.2008

Content

-Causes for needs of change in the fields Energy production, Use of Energy (efficience), Water protection and waste management

1.

2.

3.

- Examples for Alternative Energy Technologies- Waste as resource for energy production?- Energypassport for buildings

Proposals for Pilot Projects in Kosovo Muncipalities

Energy Sector in the world

Energy Sector in Europe

• Ten years ago over 95 % of all Energy was produced by so called „Normal Energy Sector“

• That means: Production of Energy, especially Electricity and Heating by Central power stations for a big area which using following ressources:

•Brown and Stone Coal•Oil•Natural Gas•Atomic Power

•Water

Examples

Normal Energy Sector - Non Renewable Energy Sector (Without Water as Resource)

Ashdeposit near Prishtina

Water Power Station in France

Stone Coal Power Station in Poland

Needs of change in KosovoReducing of Airpollution

•Airpollution is mainly caused by Energyproduction through brown coal (lignite), traffic by cars, mining and other industries,

•Problems are identified, Change started or will be started

•Filtersystems in chimneys, reconstruction of power station and construction of a modern power station in Kosovo•Implementation of projects in the field of Alternative Energy•Implementation of projects in the field of Energy Saving

Needs of change in KosovoReducing of Waterpollution

•Waterpollution in the rivers is mainly caused by industries and muncipalities through waste water

•Problems are identified, Change will start

•Canalisation systems and waste water treatment stations will be in all muncipalities and in the industrial sector established • More than 300.000 t sewage sludge per year will be existed

Sludge as Resource for Production of Alternative Energy ???

Needs of change in KosovoHouseholdwaste as Resource?

•26 old muncipality landfills were rehabilitated•5 new regional landfills have been built and 2 muncipality landfills

Household waste generated in different regions of Household waste generated in different regions of Kosova during 2004Kosova during 2004

0,315 kg0,266 kg 0.250 kg

0.277

00,050,1

0,150,2

0,250,3

0,35

Needs of change in KosovoHouseholdwaste as Resource?

•about 255.000 t household waste per year

Fractions of household waste in %

• about 76.000 t organic waste

• about 24.000 t plastic

Needs of change in KosovoHouseholdwaste as Resource?

Treatment (Recycling) of waste 2005 in %

Metal72.85%

Plastic3.09%

Rubber0.1%Organic

waste 1.26%

Paper22.69%

2. Examples for Alternative Energy Technologies

•Solar Energy Collectors – using of solar energy•Wind Power Stations – using of wind energy•Geothermic Power Station – using the heat of deep layers in

geological underground•Biogastreatments – production of Methan under anaerobic conditions

from organic sludge, organic waste and organic waste water

•Burning Technologies – using the energy of plants especially from trees and brushes or waste from forest and wood industry, production of oil and gas by plants (oil plants or wood)

•Water Power Stations – using of water energy

Using of Solar Energy

• High developed technology, efficience depended on yearly rate of sunshine, using for heating of warm water in private and official buildings especially in summer time

Examples Solar Collectors in Berlin

Using of Wind Energy

• High developed technology, efficience depended on yearly windrate in a region, using for production of electricity,

Wind Power Station

Using of Geothermical Energy

• First power stations existed with high efficiency, • high risk and high investment, depended on geological situation

Using of Water Energy

• High developed technology, efficience depended on power and amount of water in a region, using for production of electricity, combination - drinking or irrigation water reservoir

Water Power Station

Burning Technologies

•Developed technology, efficience depended on kind of organic material coming in, using for production of heat water and electricity

Woodpellets

Burning of Woodpellets

Waste as Energy ResourceProduction of Biogas

•Developed technology, efficience depended on kind of organic material coming in, using for production of heat water and electricity – organic waste and sewage sludge can be used

Biogastreatments

Schema / BiogastreatmentSchema / Biogastreatment

Schema / BiogastreatmentSchema / Biogastreatment

Schema / Waste Water Treatment and Schema / Waste Water Treatment and BiogasproductionBiogasproduction

Energy EfficiencesEnergy passport for buildings

In 2007 in Germany a new Decree for Energy input in buildings was established. Up 2009 every public and private building need an Energypassport.That means:•Collecting of data about the value of primary energyuse and CO2 – emission for

• heating• climatisation• ventilation• warmwater production• lightening

• Comparision with reference buildings• measurements of improvement in the case of reconstruction

Energy EfficiencesEnergy passport for buildings

Thermographical investigation of a house

Examples for isolations

3. Summary and proposals for Pilot Projects in Kosovo

Energy efficience needs a mix of different energy offers, Energy-, Price-, Cost- management and a Reducing of Energy losses especially in the building sector

To build up the Alternative Energy Sector in Kosovo improve the Energysituation and the independence of only one resource

Decentralisation and Combination between Waste managementand energy production reduce costs of energyproduction

Following proposals should be realized:

Proposals for Pilot Projects in Kosovo

Pilot Project for using Solar Energy – public building - Production of warm water

Study about possibilities for Wind Power Stations in Kosovo

Study about possibilities for regional Water Power Stations

Study about possibilities for Geothermical Power Stations

Proposals for Pilot Projects in Kosovo

Work out of a Waste management strategy for Kosovo;Pilot Project – Mechanical-Biological Treatment for household waste – organic waste - Biogastreatment in combination with agricultural products - plastic waste – recycling and/or diesel production - other fractions of waste – recycling methods

Implementation of some decrees for instance for the import ofPackaging Material, Energy Saving in buildings and using ofAlternative Energy Production Technologies

Pilotproject – Energysaving in an Public Building

Thank you for your Attention!

PD Dr. habil. Frank Riesbeck

Humboldt-University at Berlin

Germany

Production in forest

Depot for woodparts

WoodparticlesWoodparticles

Transport from depot to burningstation

Production of Woodpellets

Production of Woodpellets

Burning Technologies

Schema -WoodparticlesSchema -Woodparticles

1. Brennstoffversorgung2. Schubböden3. Hydraulikantriebe4. Stokerschnecke5. Rückbrandklappe6. Brennkammer7. Retorte8. Verbrennungsluftventilator9. Heizflächen10. Rauchgasabsetzkammer

11. Rücklaufanhebung12. Rauchgasableitung13. Wärmeerzeugung14. Multizyklon Saugzug15. Kamin16. Wärmeverteiler17. Netzpumpen18. Druckhaltung/Expansion19. Wohnhäuser20. Wärmeversorgung