PRAGMALINGUISTIK KONTRASTIF : SUATU PENJAJAKAN GAYA KOMUNIKASI ANTARA BAHASA INGGRIS DAN

BAHASA INDONESIA

Sri Utari S. Nababan

A common view among secondforeign language teaching experts is that the native language (NL) of the learner exercises a considerable influence on the process of learning and teaching a secondforeign language or target language (TL), especially for studenst in their puberty and later, which is the case in Indonesia. In order that language teachers, English language teachers in particular, may fully understand and anticipate the problems that may be encountered by their students, it had been,felt necessmy to carry out a Contrastive Analysis beetwen TL and NL of the learner. These analysis have dealt with the stnictural feattires of language. In line with the changes that took place in langtroge teaching approach, from the Structural in the 1960-s to the Communicative in the 1970-s and later, there is a pressing need to undertake a contrastive analysis comparing commtinicotive principles wich are based on meaningfullness of titterances/sentences in accordance with situations and contexs of language use within the cultural system of both TL and NL. This kind of study is called Contrastive Pragmalinguistics.The study has yielded a picture of the similarities and dl#jirences in the communicative styles beetwen TL (English) and NL (Indonesian) on the three speecl~ levels : formal, informal, and casual, and of the preference of the communicative expressions between the two lang~iages. The data were obtained through a qiiestionnaire and interviews from 16 native speakers of English and 19 native speakers of Indonesian with at least a BA edtrcational background

Keywords: contrastive pragmalinguistics

ABSTRAK

Stiatu pendapat umzim di kalangan pakar pengajaran bahasa using ialah bahwa bahasa stmiber pelajar (BS) besar pengaruhnya pada proses belajar - mengajur bahasa kedtiahsing, terutoma bag; pelajar yang sudah remaja, sebagaimona ha1 nya di Indonesia. Agar guru bahasa. khzrstisnya bahasa lnggris dapar lebih memahami dun mengantisipasi kesulitan yang dialaini oleh pelajarnya, telah diadakan Analisis Kontrastif antara BT dun BS pelajar. Analisis seperti ini beifokzis pada unsur struktuv bahasa saja. Sejalan deitgan perubahan pendekataii pengajaran bahasa, yakni dari Strukturalisme pada tahun 1960-an, ke Komunikatif pada 1970-an ke atas, mulailah tinibzil pemikiran mengenai perlunya diadakan Analisis Kontrastif inengenai priiisip

66 PRAGMALlNGUlSTlK : SRI UTARl S. NABABAN