prc pda: sludge beneficial uses (inception report)
TRANSCRIPT
8/9/2019 PRC PDA: Sludge Beneficial Uses (Inception Report)
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Water Financing Partnership Facili ty
PILOT AND DEMONSTRATION ACTIVITY
PRC-Pilot Study on Beneficial Use of Sludge
INCEPTION REPORT
PREPARED FOR
THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT B ANK M ANILA, PHILIPPINES
BY
WUHAN URBAN DRAINAGE DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD
WUHAN, HUBEI, PRC10 J ANUARY 2009
The views expressed in this paper/presentation are the views of the author and do notnecessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board ofGovernors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the
data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use.Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.
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Wuhan Urban Drainage Development Co. Ltd. PDA: Beneficial Use of Sludge
1 Inception Report, 10 January 2009
Table of Contents
SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................. 1
1.1
Project Background ....................................................................... 1
1.2 Implemented work in prophase ..................................................... 2
1.3 Objectives and Scope of the PDA ................................................. 3
1.4 Project Management ..................................................................... 4
1.4.1 Mobilization ............................................................................. 4
1.4.2 Project Management Structure ............................................... 4
1.4.3 Working plan ........................................................................... 8
1.4.4
Reporting and delivering ......................................................... 9
1.4.5
WFPF Funds Management ..................................................... 9
SECTION 2 IMPLEMENTATION ............................................................................10
2.1
General ....................................................................................... 10
2.2
Project Site Selection .................................................................. 10
2.2.1 Sludge Source Selection ....................................................... 10
2.2.2 Sludge Hydrolysis Site Selection .......................................... 11
2.2.3 Sludge Hydrolysis Residue Gardening Site .......................... 12
2.3 Pilot-Scale Study Arrangement ................................................... 12
2.3.1 Design and Installation of Sludge Beneficial Use Facility ...... 13
2.3.2 Pilot-Scale Study on Sludge Hydrolysis ................................ 13
2.3.3 Biosolids and Protein Laboratory Analysis ............................ 13
2.3.4 Biosolids Gardening Application and Monitoring ................... 14
2.3.5 End-User Survey ................................................................... 14
SECTION 3
METHOD ............................................................................................15
3.1 Technical Principle ................................................................... 15
3.2
Study method .............................................................................. 15
3.2.1 Study method of extracting protein ...................................... 16
3.2.2 Study of hydrolysis Residue utilization into garden soil ......... 18
SECTION 4 EXPECTED OUTPUTS AND OUTCOMES ........................................19
4.1 Outputs:....................................................................................... 19
4.2
Outcomes: ................................................................................... 20
4.3
Impacts:....................................................................................... 20
Appendix A Implementation Schedule
Appendix B Staffing Schedule Appendix C WFPF Funds Distribution Table Appendix D SOE
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SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Background
ADB is currently supporting serials of Wuhan wastewater management project,
including ADB Financed PhaseⅠ (Loan No.1996-PRC): wastewater management,
capacity construction and water quality modeling; ADB Financed Phase Ⅱ (Loan
No.2240-PRC): storm water management, wastewater management, capacity
construction and sludge management. Also, Wuhan is currently preparing a new
project for the solid waste and sludge management (ADB Financed Phase Ⅲ ).
There are 10 wastewater treatment plants (6 of which are financed by ADB) in
operation with total capacity of 1.59 million tons a day (1.0 million ton/day by ADB
Projects), and approximately 500~600 tons of sludge (water content is 80%) is
produced every day. At present, the sludge is transported and disposed at the landfill
plants. According to the Municipal Urban Development General Plan, the landfills in
the suburban area would be shutdown in the next several years and sludge disposal
would become a major issue for the Government as well as WWTPs. As a technical
preparatory work for above mentioned Phase Ⅲ project, Wuhan Urban Drainage
Development Co., Ltd (WUDDC) has conducted the initial bench-scale study and
experiment on beneficial use of sludge, including agricultural application as the
fertilizer, extracting the protein from the sludge and applying the residue in gardening.
The bench-scale study on extracting the protein from the sludge resulted in reduction
of water content in the sludge to 45% (from 80% in the dewatered sludge), thereby
the quantity of sludge to be disposed off at the landfill site or incineration plant would
be significantly reduced. The extracted protein from sludge could apply in the
bricking and fire fighting vesicant. So this study completely accord with the China’s
government requirements related to the sludge reduction, harmless, stability and
reuse.
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Wuhan’s strategic location along the Changjiang, commitment to improve
wastewater management and achievement of Government environmental policies
provides an opportunity to invest in environmental management and boost the
wastewater service provision. Surveys show that both the poor and the non-poor arebroadly in support of environmental projects and consider improvements to their
living environment as a priority to improving their quality of life.
To expand the previous bench-scale study of beneficial use of sludge into a pilot-
scale project with WFPF support, WUDDC has applied the PDA fund through ADB
and finally signed the Letter of Agreement (LOA) with ADB on 15 September 2008.
1.2 Implemented work in prophase
Accord with the more and more WWTPs in Wuhan, the sludge disposal is been
serious day by day. The traditional way of dewatering and transporting to landfill, that
isn’t with the pathogeny and odors would cause secondary pollution, and the site
would be less and less to landfill. Wuhan Government specially the WUDDC has
actively conducted the new process of sludge disposal study and obtained some
fruits. In the following would focus on the introduction of study process that the
WUUDC cooperated with Hubei University to utilize the sludge extracting protein.
Before the PDA project, WUDDC was signed the working contract of heating
hydrolysis method to extract the protein study with Hubei University. Hubei University
under the supporting of WUDDC was conducted a serial of bench-scale study,
accomplished main tasks as follows:
Conducted the sludge from Shahu WWTP and Naitaizi WWTP etc, sludge
content measurement and analysis. The result shows, the household wastewater
with high organic content is occupied 80% in Wuhan urban sewer, therefore the
protein content in sludge is up to 40%~65%.
In the bench-scale, under the condition of high temperature, high pressure and
alkali hydrolyzing the sludge to product protein liquid. The experiment shows,
100kg sludge could hydrolyze 13.5kg protein liquid and the protein content is
27%.
The primary clarified sludge, sewer sludge and sludge in different seasons
separately to conduct the hydrolyzing effect experiment that shows: utilizing lime
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to hydrolyze is well effected, the primary clarified sludge protein content is about
23~28%, the sewer sludge protein content is above 50%.
The study of hydrolyzed protein, bench-scale study is mainly applied to the fire
fighting powder and foaming beton vesicant. The related analyzing data wassatisfied with the national standard, currently is conducting the deepen study.
The residue (biosolids) after the sludge extracting protein, was totally analyzed
the fertilizer content and heavy metal, the major heavy metal content was lower
than the national sludge agricultural application standard; N, P, K content is
satisfied the gardening planting requirements.
1.3 Objectives and Scope of the PDA
The objective of this PDA is to conduct pilot-scale study following the bench-scale
study, the extracting protein liquid from urban WWTPs. This pilot study is also aimed
to the experiment of utilizing the residue applied to gardening earth, then setup
demonstrating garden.
This study aimed to support and achieve the national sludge disposal” reduction,
stability, harmless, reusing” policy, utilizing the sludge to produce the economical
hydrolyzed protein liquid, and the residue (biosolid) as the gardening earth beneficial
utilizing, then made the sewer sludge maximum utilized.
The PDA would undertake the following tasks:
Task1: Wuhan WWTPs’ sludge content conduct the totally measurement and
analysis, also clean up and analyze the lab data and achievements, based
on the achievement and data, primarily select the pilot-scale experiment
technical parameter;
Taks2 Preparing the proper field achieves the process of extracting protein. It’s
supposed to transport 6~8 tons of packaged sludge from Nantaizi Lake
WWTP to the field, conduct the sludge pilot-scale test, under the high
temperature, high pressure and alkali condition to hydrolyze the sludge, it
would extract 0.8~1.1 tons of protein liquid.
Task3 Achieve the demonstrated garden project. Selecting Wuhan Erlangmiao
WWTP as the site, utilize the hydrolyzed residue to setup the demonstrated
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garden area, which is 15 square meters, and then monitoring and analyzing
the growth of different plant.
Task4 Achieve PDA economical and environmental feasibilities analysis, and the
end-user acceptable survey finishing the final report.
1.4 Project Management
1.4.1 Mobilization
After the Working Group from WUDDC established in October 2008, consultants
were selected and engaged in accordance with the Guidelines on the use of
Consultants by Asian Development Bank and its Borrowers dated February 2007.
The international and domestic consultants (the Team) were mobilized on 26
November 2008. The Team Leader and domestic specialists are now residing in
Wuhan. The office accommodation, equipment, support staff and administrative
arrangements are being established.
The initial tasks undertaken by the Consultants include review of project documents
and previous bench-scale study output to ascertain the current status of the project,
conduct interviews and meetings with WUDDC departments and the relevant
agencies to collect information and establish working relationships, selection of
sludge from Nantaizihu WWTP and pilot study site at WJSC, design preparation of
pilot-scale protein extraction facility and preparation of this Inception Report.
1.4.2 Project Management Structure
The main responsibility for implementing this PDA is lodged with the Wuhan UrbanDrainage Development Co., Ltd (WUDDC), which will act as executing agency. The
Figure 1 below shows where WUDDC fits it within the structure of the municipal
government, etc.
Wuhan MunicipalGovernment
Wuhan Water Group
Wuhan Urban Construction &Investment Group
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Wuhan Urban Drainage Development Co. Ltd. PDA: Beneficial Use of Sludge
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Figure 1. Organizational Structure of WUDDC
The WUDDC is the executing agency for the proposed PDA. The WUDDC is the
implementing agency for the ongoing ADB Phase I and Phase II loan projects.
WUDDC is also responsible for operations and maintenance of wastewater
treatment plants in Wuhan (except Hanxi WWTP).
WUDDC has established a working group comprising people from management and
relevant departments of WUDDC, which will be supported by the consultants and
specialists engaged for the project. The key representatives from the WUDDC are
currently implementing the loan project, who will act as key members of the working
group for this PDA. The working group composition is shown below:
The working group composition
Organization Name Title
Working
Group
from
WUDDC
Mr. Wang Changqing GM, Director of PDA Working Group
Mr. Tian Zhongkai Chief Engineer, Technical Advisor of Working
Group
Mr. Gu Jianxin Deputy GM, Executive Director of Working
Group
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Consultants
Mr. Tommy Zhang Team Leader, International Wastewater
Engineering Specialist
Mr. Li Yadong Professor, Hubei University, Domestic
Wastewater Engineering and Sludge Disposal
Specialist
Mr. Li Haibo Professor, Hubei University, Domestic
Wastewater Engineering and Sludge Disposal
Specialist
Ms. Liu Xiaoyan Head of Chief Engineer Office, Assistant
Researcher
Ms. Li Yan Assistant Researcher
Ms. Wang Haibo Secretary, Translator
Mr. Zhong Hao Secretary and Translator
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Responsibil ities for PDA Working Group and Consultants
Organization Name Position Responsibi lity
Working
Group
from
WUDDC
Mr.Wang
Changqing
Director In charge of overall Project
Mr. Tian
Zhongkai
Technical
Advisor
Technical advisory of overall Project
Mr. Gu
Jianxin
Executive
Director
Project day-to-day management
Consultants
Mr.Tommy
Zhang
Team
Leader,
International
Wastewater
Engineering
Specialist
Overall project management at consultants
side; Guide and oversee the consulting team
for technical design and processing;
Coordination with EA and Reporting to ADB.
Mr. Li
Yadong
Domestic
Wastewater
Engineering
Specialist
Technical design; Supervision of facility
installation and processing; Chief researcher;
Assistant to Team Leader for other technical
issues.
Mr. Li Haibo Domestic
Wastewater
Engineering
Specialist
Technical design; Supervision of facility
installation and processing; Lab analysis and
research; Design of end-user survey
questionnaire; Assistant to Team Leader for
other technical issues.
Ms.Liu
Xiaoyan
Assistant
Researcher
Assistance to researchers for daily facility
installation and operation for protein
extraction and landscaping monitoring,
sampling and lab analysis assistant; end-user
survey; and other tasks assigned etc.
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Ms. Li Yan Assistant
Researcher
Assistance to Consulting researchers for
tasks assigned such as sludge transport
coordination, protein extraction process and
landscaping monitoring; etc
Ms.Wang
Haibo
Secretary,
Translator
/Interpreter
Project office daily operation support and
translation /interpretation, etc.
Mr. Zhong
Hao
Secretary,
Translator
Project office daily operation support and
translation /interpretation, etc.
Consultant Time Input
PositionMonth input
(International)
Month input
(Domestic)
International Wastewater
Engineering Specialist1
Domestic Wastewater Engineering
Specialist6
Assistant Researcher 12
Secretary, Translator 12
total 1 30
1.4.3 Working plan
PDA will be from 2008-11-26 to 2009-6-26, lasted 7 months, the detail as follow:
(a) Selecting WWTP and experiment site for PDA: 1st ~2nd month
(b) Prepare the inception report: 2nd month
(c) The facility and technical designing for the sludge disposal and reuseexperimental: 2nd month
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(d) he pilot-scale sludge disposal and reusing facility construction: 2nd ~4th month
(e) The sludge disposal and reuse facility operation and monitoring: 3rd ~5th
month
(f) Prepare the mid-term progress report: 5th month
(g) End user survey: 6th ~7th month
(h) Prepare final report: 7th month
1.4.4 Reporting and delivering
Inception Report: 10 Jan, 2009
Mid-term Report: 30 May, 2009
Final Report: 30 Jun, 2009
1.4.5 WFPF Funds Management
As per the LOA, WFPF funds will be disbursed to WUDDC with the following
schedule: Advance upon signing of LOA, Second milestone upon acceptance of
Inception Report, Third milestone upon acceptance of Mid-Term Report and Fourth
milestone upon acceptance of Final Report.
There were 3 consultancy agreements signed on 5 November 2008 with the
international wastewater engineering specialist and the two domestic wastewater
engineering specialists, with fees at USD17,000, USD6,000 and USD6,000
respectively, of which the two domestic agreements cover the design services for
sludge beneficial use facility.
The Advance of USD20,000 was received by WUDDC in November 2008. By the
end of this reporting period, expenditure payable to WFPF funds USD15,000 has
incurred.
In the next reporting period, agreements for WJSC facility lease and garden
construction (including flowers) will be conducted, so more expenditure is expected
due to system design, installation and longer period compared to this inception stage.
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SECTION 2 IMPLEMENTATION
2.1 General
为 To further identify the market application feasibility, this pilot study was proposed
by WUDDC for WFPF funding. Based on the information available from the project
proposal and the agreement signed between WUDDC and WFPF, the Consultants
have further developed the pilot study plan in the following sections.
2.2 Project Site Selection
2.2.1 Sludge Source Selection
With the study of current sludge status in WWTPs in Wuhan (see Figure 1 below),
the Team has confirmed the Nantaizihu WWTP for sludge collection, which has been
in operation since 2005 with stable waste sludge quantity and characteristics as such
considered the typical and stable sludge source for further application. Concurrence
for this pilot study has been issued by the WWTP and WUDDC.
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Figure 2. Preliminary Sludge Mass Estimates for All WWTPs
(Source: Sludge Study Report of Wuhan Stormwater and Wastewater Management Project)
2.2.2 Sludge Hydrolysis Site Selection
sludge hydrolysis requires high
temperature, lime dosing and
filtration. Considering the large
quantity of sludge to be used in
the pilot study, and budget
constraint, lease a well
established facility has been
determined during the site
selection. With the local resource
assessment and negotiation, an
initial agreement has been reached with Wuhan Jiabao Sugar Co., Ltd (WJSC), for
renting one set of its protein production facilities, with capacity treatment
Total Dewatered Sludge Quantitie s (kg/day)
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
H a n x i
S a n j i n t a n
N a n t a i z i h u
E r l a n g m i a o
S h a h u
L o n g w a n g z u i
L u o b u z u i
H u a n g j i a h u
H u a n g p u l u
Z h u a n k o u
T a n g x u n h u
C a i d i a n
B e i h u
H u a n g j i a d a w a n
WWTP
S l u d g e M a s s ( k g / d a y )
0% VS Dest ruc tion
25% VS Dest ruc tion
50% VS Dest ruc tion
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approximately 6 tones per day. Necessary modifications and adjustments are to be
made on it once the facility is available.
2.2.3 Sludge Hydrolysis Residue Gardening Site
For the ease of gardening management and monitoring in long term, a permanent
garden is proposed in Erlangmiao WWTP, the WUDDC Headquarter and where the
project office is situated. A reserved land has been authorized by the WWTP and
WUDDC for this pilot study, and a 18 m2 garden is to be designed and constructed.
2.3 Pilot-Scale Study Arrangement
In accordance to the PDA Agreement signed between ADB and WUDDC, the
following tasks will be conducted in the remaining project period, in addition to the
site selection completed during this inception stage.
(a) Design and installation of the sludge beneficial use facility
(b) Conduct pilot-scale study on sludge hydrolysis
(c) Analyze the biosolids and hydrolysis byproducts, including environmental
study
(d) Biosolids gardening application and monitoring
(e) End user survey and financial viability analysis
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2.3.1 Design and Installation of Sludge Beneficial Use Facility
For the continuation of study methodology from bench scale study, the Consultants
recommended that the design of sludge hydrolysis facility in WJSC is to be
undertaken by the bench study team led by Prof. Li Yadong and Prof. Li Haibo.
Agreements have been signed with Prof. Li Yadong and Prof. Li Haibo as part of the
consultant agreements. The facility design will be based on the production capacity
of the facility leased in WJSC, with the following key parameters:
i. 6 tone/day sludge hydrolysis
ii. 1-2 tone protein liquid extracted
iii. Adjustment of boiler pressure
iv. Replacement of the filter cloth on the frame protein filter
2.3.2 Pilot-Scale Study on Sludge Hydrolysis
WJSC is expected to lease facility to WUDDC, adjustment and installation of devices
if the facility is available, then sludge will be transported from Nantaizihu WWTP for
hydrolysis.
2.3.3 Biosolids and Protein Laboratory Analysis
The purpose of laboratory analysis is to verify the applicability of the biosolids and
protein in terms of heavy metals, nutrients content, to confirm the environmental
sustainability that concluded from the bench-scale study as shown below:
Agricultural standards will be the basis for biosolids analysis as per its intension for
gardening application.
Same laboratories as in bench study will be arranged after the hydrolysis conducted
in WJSC.
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2.3.4 Biosolids Gardening Application and Monitoring
According to the 6 tone per day hydrolysis capacity, the garden is to be designed
with scale approx. 18 m2, to utilize the biosolids with a reasonable layer no less than
30mm thick, which is the common soil bed for flower type garden.
The construction of garden is scheduled in March 2009 and completed around the
same time of the sludge hydrolysis.
Different flowers widely planted in Wuhan will be selected for the garden, followed by
a periodical monitoring scheme to observe the growth and flowering differences in
the biosolids and in natural soil.
2.3.5 End-User Survey
The purpose of a pilot study is to verify not only the technical applicability, but also
the market acceptance, therefore, the end-user survey is vital important and the last
step of the study.
From the bench-scale study, both biosolids and hydrolysis byproduct are with market
demand, as gardening soil and vesicantr etc. However, due to budget constraint,
pilot scale application can only be conducted for biosolids gardening application. The
end-user survey is therefore for biosolids only.
A survey questionnaire will be developed once gardening application is completed
and initial monitoring results are available, where there will be data for sludge from
both Shahu WWTP (bench study sludge source) and Nantaizihu WWTP (pilot study
sludge source), for flowers growing results that will be shown to potential end users.
The end-user survey is scheduled in late June 2009.
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SECTION 3 METHOD
3.1 Technical Principle
The characteristic of sludge from WWTP is mainly animalcules, protozoa, metazoans,
algae and few unknown organic and inorganic substances, and it contains high
content of protein (50% to 70% in dry sludge). Hydrolyzed protein (Peptide) can be
extracted from sludge through alkali hydrolysis. With the characteristic of froth, a lot
of foam can be generated after stirring and aeration from hydrolyzed protein, which
can be then formed into Protein Firefighting Powder through a serial process such as
adding stabilization liquid, antiseptic, antifreeze. The hydrolysis biosolids consist of
certain amount Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Kalium and other organic elements, which can
be utilized for gardening.
(a) The technology is to convert the sludge into two parts through hydrolysis:
hydrolyzed protein liquid and biosolids (70% volume reduction).
(b) Based on the high protein concentration feature of sludge, the technology
extracts protein, soluble organic and inorganic elements from the pollutants
in sludge, with high temperature, high pressure and high concentration of
alkali process. The final product can be applied as vesicant, which is more
environmental friendly than conventional vesicant.
(c) During the process, unknown organic matters, pathogens animalcules,
disease eggs are killed, so the there will be no biological pollution of the
residue. The residue contains only 45% water, which could be another
source of urban gardening and landscaping soil additive.
3.2 Study method
This PDA is to conduct pilot-scale study following the bench-scale study on the
extraction of protein from sludge and biosolids application. And the object is to
further determine the process and parameters through pilot-scale study, therefore,
the study method is two parts: protein extraction and garden demonstration.
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3.2.1 Study method of extracting protein
Based on the laboratory output, the parameters need further identification, the
methods show below:
A. Measurements and Calculation
(1) Sampling: Each sample is 100g of the fresh sludge from the end of WWTP
sludge process;
(2) Measurement and calculation: All the hydrolysis reaction should determine,
calculate the hydrolyzed protein content and protein concentration in the
dried sludge (DS) ;
(3) During the alkali hydrolysis, the dosage of the lime or NaOH dosage (%)
that is relative to the mass fraction of the DS;(4) The water content and the reduction of DS: the mass balance method; the
hydrolyzed protein content measurement: ultraviolet absorption;
(5) Calculation of protein concentration in the DS: (Total protein / Total DS)
×100%;
(6) Calculation of DS reduction rate: [(Total DS-Dry residue)/ Total DS] ×100%
B. experiment and measurement institution(1) Effect of catalysts on the hydrolysis: HuBei University
(2) Sludge hydrolysis in different status: HuBei University
(3) Analysis and testing of thermo chemical characteristic: By Huazhong
University of Science and Technology
C. equipment and instrument in labortary
Centrifuge Filter
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Drying Oven Visible light photometry analyzer
Micro-wave oven Ultraviolet radiation photometry analyzer
D. Parameters will be identified during the process
(1) Hydrolysis time
(2) Alkali dosage
(3) Temperature optimization
(4) Consumption of steam
(5) Protein content (concentrated liquid)
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3.2.2 Study of hydrolysis Residue utilization into garden soil
1) Experiment and analysis method
This part is mainly garden application. Due to adding alkali as catalysts on the
hydrolysis, the hydrolysis residue is of high pH, and not fit for plant. First, further
study on neutralization of the hydrolysis residue must be conducted. Then, identify
the fertilizer concentration, and prove residue to be suitable as garden soil in terms
of fertilizer concentration. To better compare the nutrient performance of hydrolysis
residue with natural soil, garden is designed to be including 3 sections: natural soil,
hydrolysis residue, and mixed soil. 10 gardening plants was selected and planted in
this 3 sections, and study of the growth and flowering differences, then make a
conclusion.
Laboratory
Experiment
2) Item and inst itution of measure
(1) Identification of heavy metal ions: By Hubei Province Agricultural Technology
Institute
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19 Inception Report, 10 January 2009
(2) identification of fertilizer concentration: By Hubei Province Agricultural
Technology Institute
3) Construction of garden
(1) Selection of Gardening Site
(2) Design and construction of garden
(3) Neutralization of Hydrolysis Residue
(4)
Selection of flower and other plant
4) Experiment
a) Water content in biosolids
b) Identification of fertilizer concentration in biosolids(N,P,K)
c) Identification of heavy metal ions in biosolids
d) Impact from biosolids to plants, including identification of protein,
chlorophyll
e) Biosolids impact analysis for different plants
f) Study of the growth and flowering differences in the biosolids and in natural
soil.
SECTION 4 EXPECTED OUTPUTS AND OUTCOMES
The expected outputs, outcomes and impact on the environment from the PDA are
shown below.
4.1 Outputs:
Beneficial uses of sludge determined; financial viability and environmental
sustainability assessed.
The PDA is aiming the pilot-scale study for (1) protein extraction from sludge; (2)
utilization of biosolids for landscaping; and related financial and environmental
sustainability. The expected outputs will be converting all the waste sludge into
commercial products through (1) protein powder for commercial use; (2) biosolids
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non-hazardous test for landscaping as commercial product; (3) end user survey for
the products produced.
4.2 Outcomes:
Enhanced management capacity of WUDDC for ensuring improved provision of
more efficient, reliable wastewater and sludge management services; and effective
protection of environment in Wuhan city.
In supporting with WUDDC’s current projects funded by ADB, the PDA will go further
into pilot scale to study the application of alternative technologies in addition to the
sludge study of Phase II, and therefore provide clear picture and technical solution
for Wuhan sludge management strategy and preparation work for Phase III. WUDDC
will then benefit from the 3 ADB projects for improving not only wastewater and
sludge treatment capacity, but also planning and management capability.
4.3 Impacts:
Improved and cleaner environment in Wuhan City as a result of improved
wastewater management.
With the expected outputs above, the waste sludge is 100% utilized so there will be
no residual left. Therefore, the impact to the environment by waste sludge will be
minimized and the current landfill plants can serve longer period without receiving
the 500 ton/day sludge from WWTPs.