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Last update: August 19, 2010

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PRE-ADVANCED 2 GRAMMAR CLINIC CARDS

INDEX

Card 8_01 Discourse Markers

Card 8_02 Not Only...But...As Well

Card 8_03 Other

Card 8_04 Word Forms

Card 8_05 Error Correction

Card 8_06 Vocabulary



Card 9_01 Inversion

Card 9_02 Inversion

Card 9_03 Inversion

Card 9_04 Inversion

Card 9_05 Inversion

Card 9_06 Inversions with So/Such







Card 10_03 Patterns with Get

Card 10_04 Patterns with Get





Card 11_01 Compound Adjectives

Card 11_02 Compound Adjectives

Card 11_03 Future Seen from the Past





Card 12_01 -Ever

Card 12_02 Patterns with Have

Card 12_03 Patterns with Have








Card 13_01 Special Uses of the Simple Past

Card 13_02 Special Uses of the Simple Past

Card 13_03 Rather

Card 13_04 Rather







PRE-ADVANCED TEEN 2 - Card 8_01

Unit 8 – DISCOURSE MARKERS

Choose the correct markers.

1. The universe is expanding constantly. After all, / This means that the distance

between stars and planets is increasing.

2. Not only / As well are telescopes more powerful, but they are also being sent into

space.

3. Principles of astronomy are taught at middle school. But more importantly, / So

in this sense you can say it is a very well-known science.

4. Mankind has always given a lot of importance to the stars, but more importantly,

/ but then it’s true that we give a lot of importance to our own creation.

5. People think astronomy is difficult, but more importantly, / but then it’s true

that most people are not familiar with basic physics either.

6. Astronomers study the planetary systems. Also, / As well, they are looking for the

origins of the universe.

7. Astronomers study the planetary systems also / as well as the origins of the

universe.






ANSWER KEY:

1. This means that

2. Not only

3. So in this sense

4. but more importantly

5. but then it’s true that

6. Also

7. as well as





Unit 8 – NOT ONLY... BUT... AS WELL

Rewrite the sentences using Not only... but... as well. Follow the model.

Example: We like to talk about astronomy. We have put together our own telescope.

Not only do we like to talk about astronomy, but we have out together our own telescope

as well.

1. Astronomy is fascinating. It’s an important branch of physics.

2. People look at the skies for inspiration. They look for the origin of mankind.

3. Galileo invented the telescope. He discovered the moons of Mars.

4. Copernicus was the first astronomer to formulate the heliocentric theory. He

described the two movements of the Earth

5. Kepler discovered the planets moved in elliptical orbits. He did important work in

optics and geometry.

6. Isaac Newton developed theories of gravitation and mechanics. He invented

differential calculus.

7. Jupiter is the biggest planet in the solar system. It has the largest number of

moons (63).

8. Pluto has lost its status as a planet. Scientists aren’t sure whether to classify it as a

dwarf planet or a simple asteroid.





Unit 8 – NOT ONLY... BUT... AS WELL

ANSWER KEY:

1. Not only is astronomy fascinating, but it’s an important branch of physics as well.

2. Not only do people look at the skies for inspiration but they look for the origin of

mankind as well.

3. Not only did Galileo invent the telescope, but he discovered the moons of Mars

as well.

4. Not only was Copernicus the first astronomer to formulate the heliocentric

theory, but he described the two movements of the Earth as well

5. Not only did Kepler discover the planets moved in elliptical orbits, but he did

important work in optics and geometry as well.

6. Not only did Isaac Newton develop theories of gravitation and mechanics, but he

invented differential calculus as well.

7. Not only is Jupiter the biggest planet in the solar system but it has the largest

number of moons (63) as well.

8. Not only has Pluto lost its status as a planet, but scientists aren’t sure whether to

classify it as a dwarf planet or a simple asteroid as well.





Unit 8 – OTHER

Fill in the blanks with other, others, another, the other, or the others.

1. I have two brothers. One is blond and _______________ has red hair.

2. Some of my friends say they look almost like twins; ____________ say they’re

completely different.

3. The truth is, they do kind of look alike. One thing that is similar about them is

their bright green eyes; ______________ is the fact that both wear glasses.

4. Three of my friends came to visit me ______________ day.

5. One of them thought Jason was cuter than Sam, but ______________ didn’t

agree with her.

6. One of the problems of having cure brothers is that your girl friends are more

interested in them than in you; _______________ is that the phone never stops

ringing.

7. I wish I had yet __________________ brother, but an ugly one, maybe?

8. I’m kidding (I guess). ________________ might think that I hate them, but in

fact I love them very much.

9. Anyway, I think I’m going to invite ______________ friends to study with me

next week.

10. Wait, maybe I’ll just invite _____________ boy. Then maybe he won’t care

much about my brothers!





Unit 8 – OTHER

ANSWER KEY:

1. the other

2. others

3. another

4. the other

5. the others

6. another

7. another

8. Others

9. other

10. another





Unit 8 – WORD FORMS

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words in parentheses.

1. My cell phone is totally __________________ (reliability). I never know when

it’s going to work.

2. Maybe it’s just ________________ (obsolescence). After all, I’ve had it for over

three years now.

3. My brother ______________ (smarts) suggested I should ask our parents for a

new one.

4. The model I want is very __________________ (expense).

5. I wish I had my brother’s _____________ (smartly). He can always convince my

parents to get him anything he wants.

6. They don’t seem to spare any _______________ (expensive) if that’s going to

make him happy.

7. I wish I could _____________ (reliable) on him to ask my parents, but he only

does what’s good for him.

8. Right now I know he wants a new computer, because his is on the verge of

__________________ (obsolete).

9. Maybe I can try to ________________ (smart) him and talk to my parents before

he does.

10. Hell, who am I kidding? I could never do that. Maybe I’ll just have to settle for

an _______________ (expensive) model, like always.






ANSWER KEY:

1. unreliable

2. obsolete

3. smartly

4. expensive

5. smarts

6. expense

7. rely

8. obsolescence

9. outsmart

10. inexpensive





Unit 8 – ERROR CORRECTION

Correct the mistake in each of these sentences.

1. Last weekend I bought a present for my father and the other for my mother.

2. I didn’t want to spend a lot, but I guess I got carried out and ended up spending

my whole allowance.

3. I obviously can’t rely in my willpower.

4. My parents have no idea what my brother and I have on store for them.

5. My brother got them a cake and another good things to eat.

6. Not only Mom likes flowers, but she is also an accomplished ikebanist.

7. There’s no limit of what she can do with flowers.

8. I spared no expensive to buy her a window for her to display her creations.

9. For my dad, I got a new palm top, so he can keep ahead of business.

10. I know I spent too much, but I really envisage to make a fortune when I become

an adult. So maybe I can start spending on credit?






ANSWER KEY:

1. Last weekend I bought a present for my father and another for my

mother.

2. I didn’t want to spend a lot, but I guess I got carried away and ended

up spending my whole allowance.

3. I obviously can’t rely on my willpower.

4. My parents have no idea what my brother and I have in store for them.

5. My brother got them a cake and other good things to eat.

6. Not only does Mom like flowers, but she is also an accomplished

ikebanist.

7. There’s no limit to what she can do with flowers.

8. I spared no expense to buy her a window for her to display her

creations.

9. For my dad, I got a new palm top, so he can keep ahead in business.

10. I know I spent too much, but I really envisage making a fortune when I

become an adult. So maybe I can start spending on credit?





Unit 8 – VOCABULARY

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words in the box.

album – bookmark – boost – built-in – display – linkup – log on – outsmart – a range of

– at the expense of

1. Make sure to __________ this web page so you can come back to it easily.

2. My favorite band just released their latest ____________.

3. My LCD _____________ is scratched. I might have to replace it.

4. Don’t think you can ____________ me. I’m older and wiser than you.

5. Some people dedicate a lot of time to their careers __________________ their

personal lives.

6. There are ________________ different colors you can choose from.

7. If you don’t _____________, you can’t enter this site.

8. There’s going to broadcast the event on a closed-circuit TV _____________.

9. Vitamins are supposed to ____________ your immune system.

10. I bought a cell phone with a ____________ camera.






ANSWER KEY:

1. bookmark

2. album

3. display

4. outsmart

5. at the expense of

6. a range of

7. log on

8. linkup

9. boost

10. built-in






Choose the incorrect alternative.

1. a. CDs are about to become obsolescence.

b. My Internet server has been down for two hours.

c. This LCD display is too small for you to see.

2. a. Some people rely on their smarts too much.

b. It’s important to envisage a good future for yourself.

c. Are you sure you’re log on? The site is not loading.

3. a. Photo albums are not as common as they used to be.

b. Most cell phones come with a build-in camera.

c. There’s no limit to what you can do with only your

imagination.

4. a. He made fun of Jake on the expense of their friendship.

b. Jake smartly ignored his snide remarks.

c. He’s preparing a surprise for Mark. Mark has no idea

what Jake has in store for him.

5. a. Handheld video cameras were a dream until a few years

ago.

b. Not only Lucy is smart, but she’s manipulative as well.

c. There are a wide range of clothing styles to choose from.

6. a. I saw a movie featuring Sam Worthington.

b. Don’t get too carried away. We only have ten dollars to

spend.

c. I don’t like these glasses. Can I try on another ones?






ANSWER KEY:

1. a. CDs are about to become obsolete.

2. c. Are you sure you’re logged on? The site is not loading.

3. b. Most cell phones come with a built-in camera.

4. a. He made fun of Jake at the expense of their friendship.

5. b. Not only is Lucy smart, but she’s manipulative as well.

6. c. I don’t like these glasses. Can I try on other ones?






Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words in the box.

a range of – at the expense – envisage – feature – handheld – keep ahead – obsolete –

rely on – there’s no limit – server

_____________________(1) to what companies will do to sell their products.

Some seem to be willing to murder someone just to _______________ (2) of the

competition. You can’t ____________ (3) anything you see on TV, for instance.

Nowadays, there’s ____________________ (4) ads trying to sell gadgets – things that

will no doubt become ________________ (5) the moment they leave the store shelves –

and they are aimed at little children. That’s right. _____________ (6) devices like

palmtops and electronic diaries for kids who can barely read and write. Some parents

grant their kids’ every wish ___________________ (7) of more important needs like

education and health. What kind of future do they ______________ (8) for their kids?

Something like what happens in that _____________ (9) film where humans are all

attached to a computer ____________________ (10)? I hope not...






ANSWER KEY:

1. There’s no limit

2. keep ahead

3. rely on

4. a range of

5. obsolete

6. handheld

7. at the expense

8. envisage

9. feature

10. server




PRE-ADVANCED TEEN 2 – Card 9_01

Unit 9 – INVERSION

Directions: Rewrite the sentences placing the negative adverbial phrases in the front

position.

Ex: Philip has never touched on the subject of his family relationships. (Never...)

Never had Philip touched on the subject of his family relationships.

1. Kelly didn’t say a word when she got home. (Not a word...)

2. The employees must on no account wear jeans or any kind of sport clothes. (On

no account...)

3. You are under no circumstances allowed to copy the essay from the Internet.

(Under no circumstances...)

4. I didn’t realize I had left my car key in the restaurant until I got to the parking lot.

(Not until...)

5. Julia Roberts is not only one of the best actresses in Hollywood but also one of

the most beautiful women in the world. (Not only...)

6. Tom would never tell his secrets to a person he has just met. (Never...)

7. I had arrived at the subway station no sooner than the train came in. (No

sooner...)

8. The police would on no account release the suspects of the crime. (On no

account...)

9. Children should under no circumstances say bad words inside the classroom.

(Under no circumstances...)

10. Harry didn’t complain about his job until his boss left the office. (Not until...)






ANSWER KEY:

1. Not a word did Kelly say when she got home.

2. On no account must the employees wear jeans or any kind of sport clothes.

3. Under no circumstances are you allowed to copy the essay from the Internet.

4. Not until I got to the parking lot did I realize I had left my car key in the

restaurant.

5. Not only is Julia Roberts one of the best actresses in Hollywood but she’s also

one of the most beautiful women in the world.

6. Never would Tom tell his secrets to a person he has just met.

7. No sooner had I arrived at the subway station than the train came in.

8. On no account would the police release the suspects of the crime.

9. Under no circumstances should children say bad words inside the classroom.

10. Not until his boss left the office did Harry complain about his job.






Rewrite the using inversion.

1. Cindy rarely misses her Spanish classes. (Rarely...)

2. I realized how tired I was only when I lay on my bed. (Only when...)

3. John’s parents rested very little after the trip. (Very little...)

4. Rachel and Paul were informed about the accident with their daughter only after

they had already gotten on the plane. (Only after...)

5. Julie had barely arrived home when the phone rang. (Barely...)

6. Her father believed it wasn’t her fault only by asking the teacher about what had

happened. (Only by...)

7. David seldom picks up his kids at the school. (Seldom...)

8. People knew little about the singer who was being interviewed. (Little...)

9. He would help them only if they stopped making fun of him all the time. (Only

if...)

10. Hillary rarely stays home on the weekends. (Rarely...)






ANSWER KEY:

1. Rarely does Cindy miss her Spanish classes.

2. Only when I lay on my bed did I realize how tired I was.

3. Very little did John’s parent rest after the trip.

4. Only after they had already gotten on the plane were Rachel and Paul informed

about the accident with their daughter.

5. Barely had Julie arrived home when the phone rang.

6. Only by asking the teacher what had happened did her father believe it wasn’t her

fault.

7. Seldom does David pick up his kids at school.

8. Little did people know about the singer who was being interviewed.

9. Only if they stopped making fun of him all the time would he help them.

10. Rarely does Hillary stay home on the weekends.






Complete the sentences appropriately:

1. Hardly __________________________ (Richard/leave) the house when the letter

came.

2. No sooner ___________________________ (Tom/turn on) the TV than the fuse

went.

3. Not only ___________________________ (Mary complain) to the headwaiter,

but also to the manager last night.

4. Under no circumstances ___________________________ (Sandra/be allowed)

to see Allan again.

5. Not only ___________________________ (Jim/be) usually ridiculous, but also

impolite.

6. Never before ___________________________ (I/witness) such courage.

7. Never again ________________________________ (you/promote) in the

company!

8. Seldom ___________________________ (Joe/send) us a letter when he lived in

California.






ANSWER KEY:

1. had Richard left

2. had Tom turned on

3. did Mary complain

4. will Sandra be allowed to see Allan again.

5. is Jim

6. have I witnessed

7. will you be promoted

8. did Joe send






Rewrite these sentences inverting the subject.

Example: I have never seen such beauty.

Never have I seen such beauty.

1. People seldom worry about their peers.

2. He hardly ever travels alone.

3. She knows little about the problem.

4. I had never thought about that.

5. We rarely speak Portuguese at home.

6. She is not only pretty, but she’s very intelligent as well.

7. He didn’t call me, not even once.

8. I had never seen anything like that before.

9. He had barely started his exam when the bell rang.

10. He didn’t leave the house at any time.






ANSWER KEY:

1. Seldom do people worry about their peers.

2. Hardly ever does he travel alone.

3. Little does she know about the problem.

4. Never had I thought about that.

5. Rarely do we speak Portuguese at home.

6. Not only is she pretty, but she’s very intelligent as well.

7. Not even once did he call me.

8. Never had I seen anything like that before. / Never before had I seen anything

like that.

9. Barely had he started his exam when the bell rang.

10. At no time did he leave the house.






Answer the questions using the word in parentheses.

Example: Did the phone ring as soon as Jim had sat down? (hardly). Hardly had Jim sat

down when the phone rang.

1. Have you ever met such a charming person? (seldom)

2. Do you remember what happened on that occasion? (hardly)

3. Did Bob realize how serious Tom was? (little)

4. Will Mary really understand John’s motives? (never)

5. Have you ever seen Peter looking so happy? (never before)

6. Did Jim get a reminder after he’d paid the bill? (no sooner)

7. Will you visit that seaside town again? (under no circumstances)






ANSWER KEY:

1. Seldom have I met such a charming person.

2. Hardly do I remember what happened on that occasion.

3. Little did Bob realize how serious Tom was.

4. Never will Mary understand John’s motives.

5. Never before have I seen Peter looking so happy.

6. No sooner had Jim paid the bill than he got a reminder.

7. Under no circumstances will I visit that seaside town again.





Unit 9 – INVERSION with SO/SUCH

Change the sentences as in the example.

Example: He was so nervous he could barely talk.

So nervous was he that he could barely talk.

1. His answers were so aggressive people thought he was guilty of something.

2. The evidence against him is such that he can’t deny committing the crime.

3. The crime was committed so blatantly that the police suspected the work of a

psychopath.

4. People were so afraid that night no one would leave their houses.

5. The media coverage was such that all the details were made public.

6. The suspects had been interrogated so thoroughly there was no doubt they were

innocent.

7. It was so dark on the night of the killing the victim didn’t see anything.

8. Jane’s fear was such that she even stopped going to school.

9. People were so cruel to the suspects that one of them had to move to another

town.

10. The police were so slow that they didn’t catch anyone.





Unit 9 – INVERSION with SO/SUCH

ANSWER KEY:

1. So aggressive were his answers that people thought he was guilty of

something.

2. Such is the evidence against him that he can’t deny committing the crime.

3. So blatantly was the crime committed that the police suspected the work

of a psychopath.

4. So afraid were people that night no one would leave their houses.

5. Such was the media coverage that all the details were made public.

6. So thoroughly had the suspects been interrogated that there was no doubt

they were innocent.

7. So dark was it on the night of the killing the victim didn’t see anything.

8. Such was Jane’s fear that she even stopped going to school.

9. So cruel were people to the suspects that one of them had to move to

another town.

10. So slow were the police that they didn’t catch anyone.






Choose the correct form.

1. The defendant pleaded guilt / guilty / guiltily.

2. The defendant entered a plea / plead / pleading of not guilty.

3. The defendant / defense / defensive attorney stood next to his client.

4. The defendant’s / defense’s / defensive’s attorney stood next to his client.

5. The students threatened to suit / sue / suable their school for negligence.

6. The school principal defense / defensive / defensively argued that the students

didn’t do their part of the work.

7. The school principal’s defense / defensive / defensively attitude denotes that

something might really be wrong with the school.

8. The principal looked at the students’ parents with plead / pleading / pleadingly

eyes.

9. The students don’t want to even consider dropping the suit / sue / suable.






ANSWER KEY:

1. guilty

2. plea

3. defense

4. defendant’s

5. sue

6. defensively

7. defensive

8. pleading

9. suit







arrest – speed – damage – charge with – jury – manslaughter –

shoplifting – trespassing – sue – trial

1. After hours of deliberation, the _______________ came back to deliver a guilty

verdict.

2. The defendant will have to pay __________________ in the amount of 5 million

dollars.

3. The doctor was ___________________ malpractice.

4. Because he caused the death of his patience, he narrowly escaped a

______________________ charge.

5. The police _______________ him while he was trying to flee the state.

6. He was caught ______________________ on the highway.

7. An elderly lady called the police when she thought someone had

__________________ into her property.

8. The doctor had cleared ___________________ charges when he was a teen.

Apparently, he’d been caught stealing from a department store.

9. He was really nervous during the __________________.

10. He never thought his patient would _______________ him for malpractice.






ANSWER KEY:

1. jury

2. damages

3. charged with

4. manslaughter

5. arrested

6. speeding

7. trespassed

8. shoplifting

9. trial

10. sue







attorney – defendant – guilty – lawsuit – mug – plaintiff – plea – set free – verdict –

witness

As soon as he was notified of the __________________ (1) against him, James

Caulfield hired an ________________________ (2). He knew it was going to be hard to

prove he wasn’t ___________________ (3) of ___________________ (4) that elderly

couple after their personal belongings were found in his possession. He had never

pictured himself in the role of a _______________ (5) in a trial, trying to prove his

innocence. He had decided to ______________________ (6) non guilty against his

lawyer’s recommendations. At least it was not a criminal suit, and the

___________________ (7) had made it clear they were after his family’s money. He

knew that the jury would be inclined to come back with a guilty

___________________________ (8), but he was determined to prove it was all a setup.

There were no ______________________ (9) to the crime, because allegedly the crime

happened in an abandoned dark alley. He was sure the real criminal was his twin brother,

who had just been __________________ (10) from prison the night before. He just had

to prove it.






ANSWER KEY:

1. lawsuit

2. attorney

3. guilty

4. mugging

5. defendant

6. plead

7. plaintiffs

8. verdict

9. witnesses

10. set free






Correct the mistakes in these sentences.

1. The man plead guilty of all charges.

2. He was charged of manslaughter.

3. He was also accused of slander because he set the victim’s property on fire.

4. Little he knew about what was going to happen to him.

5. Such the excitement was about the trial that there was a crowd waiting outside

the courthouse.

6. Seldom you hear stories like this one.

7. This law sue got attention nationwide.

8. The defender was a movie star.

9. For some reason, he believed that his status as a celebrity would make him

unsuing.

10. He did nothing to hide his guilty.

11. Now he looks at his former fans pleading, but he won’t be forgiven that easily.

12. The defendant attorney has gotten the case that will make his career.






ANSWER KEY:

1. The man pleaded guilty of all charges.

2. He was charged with manslaughter.

3. He was also accused of arson because he set the victim’s property on fire.

4. Little did he know about what was going to happen to him.

5. Such was the excitement about the trial that there was a crowd waiting

outside the courthouse.

6. Seldom do you hear stories like this one.

7. This lawsuit got attention nationwide.

8. The defendant was a movie star.

9. For some reason, he believed that his status as a celebrity would make him

unsuable.

10. He did nothing to hide his guilt.

11. Now he looks at his former fans pleadingly, but he won’t be forgiven that

easily.

12. The defense attorney has gotten the case that will make his career.






Put these sentences together using the words given. Pay attention to punctuation.

1. Money doesn’t bring happiness. The lack of it might bring unhappiness.

(however)

2. Western societies value material goods. The Hindus value spiritual

enlightenment. (whereas)

3. The quest for property is as old as men. It’s never been such a war as it is

nowadays. (nonetheless)

4. People struggle for success. Very few are actually satisfied with what they get.

(nevertheless)

5. People think they will be happy once they achieve financial stability. Most people

always try to get more and more. (nonetheless)

6. Some people are happy with only a few possessions. Others want to make sure

they have more than their neighbors. (while)

7. Americans are known as big consumers. Brazilians are a close second. (whereas)

8. People in São Paulo crave for luxury items. People in other capitals want to

acquire real estate. (whereas)

9. Luxury items are an extravagance. In some segments of society, they are seen as

essential. (nevertheless)

10. More consumption means a greater impact on the environment. Consumers don’t

seem to be concerned about that. (however)






ANSWER KEY:

1. Money doesn’t bring happiness; however, the lack of it might bring

unhappiness.

2. Whereas western societies value material goods, the Hindus value spiritual

enlightenment.

3. The quest for property is as old as men; nonetheless, it’s never been such a

war as it is nowadays.

4. People struggle for success; nevertheless, very few are actually satisfied

with what they get.

5. People think they will be happy once they achieve financial stability;

nonetheless, most people always try to get more and more.

6. While some people are happy with only a few possessions, others want to

make sure they have more than their neighbors.

7. Whereas Americans are known as big consumers, Brazilians are a close

second.

8. Whereas people in São Paulo crave for luxury items, people in other capitals

want to acquire real estate.

9. Luxury items are an extravagance; nevertheless, in some segments of

society, they are seen as essential.

10. More consumption means a greater impact on the environment; however,

consumers don’t seem to be concerned about that.






Choose the correct discourse marker. Pay attention to punctuation.

1. However / Nonetheless / Whereas men like to talk about their romantic exploits,

women prefer to keep them secret.

2. However, / Whereas / While when a woman is in love, she makes sure to tell

everyone about it.

3. Many people think that love and hate are opposites. Nonetheless; / Nonetheless /

Nonetheless, they’re quite similar as regards their intensity.

4. Some people are bound to fall in love many times in their lives while /

nevertheless / however others will do it only once.

5. Some people are bound to fall in love many times in their lives; others, while /

nevertheless / however, will do it only once.

6. Adults tend to think relationships between teenagers are not serious. Whereas /

However / Nevertheless, young people suffer intensely if things don’t work out

for them.

7. While / However / Nevertheless, most people believe their marriages will last a

lifetime, the number of divorces has been increasing steadily.

8. Most people believe their marriages will last a lifetime; while / nevertheless /

however, the number of divorces has been increasing steadily.






ANSWER KEY:

1. Whereas

2. However

3. Nonetheless,

4. while

5. however,

6. Nevertheless,

7. While

8. however,





Unit 10 – PATTERNS WITH GET

Rewrite these sentences using get.

1. My mother becomes mad every time I receive a bad grade. (Use get twice!)

2. I managed not to have any bad grades last year.

3. She convinced me to study a few hours every day.

4. The good results really made me think.

5. I had to start moving before I got good results.

6. I want to receive a scholarship to study movie making in the summer.

7. My father wants to make me study computer science instead.

8. I won’t let this make me depressed.

9. I’m sure I’ll manage to study whatever I want.

10. Well, I have to start going if I don’t want to be late for my interview.






ANSWER KEY:

1. My mother gets mad every time I get a bad grade.

2. I got not to have any bad grades last year.

3. She got me to study a few hours every day.

4. The good results really got me thinking.

5. I had to get moving before I got good results.

6. I want to get a scholarship to study movie making in the summer.

7. My father wants to get me to study computer science instead.

8. I won’t let this get me depressed.

9. I’m sure I’ll get to study whatever I want.

10. Well, I have to get going if I don’t want to be late for my interview.






Write sentences about what you have to do before a trip using the words given. Follow

the models.

Example: passport / renew

I have to get my passport renewed.

mother / my suitcase / pack

I have to get my mother to pack my suitcase.

1. my visa / renew

2. father / my suitcase / fix

3. my hair / cut

4. brother / my e-ticket / print

5. my international debit card / activate

6. my teacher / letter of recommendation / write

7. airline / my reservation / confirm

8. my driver / to the airport / take me






ANSWER KEY:

1. I have to get my visa renewed.

2. I have to get my father to fix my suitcase.

3. I have to get my hair cut.

4. I have to get my brother to print my e-ticket.

5. I have to get my international debit card activated.

7. I have to get my teacher to write a letter of recommendation.

7. I have to get the airline to confirm my reservation.

8. I have to get my driver to take me to the airport.






Choose the correct word form.

1. It’s quite a challenging / challenge / challengingly to raise a child when you are

a teenager.

2. For most teens, it’s a harden / hardened / hardship they’re not prepared to face.

3. Some girls don’t even have the courage / courageously / courageous to tell their

parents until they can’t hide it anymore.

4. They try to elude / elusive / elusively their parents’ questions as much as they

can.

5. They don’t realize their parents have been harden / hardened / hardship by

experience and can help them deal with the situation.

6. Teens sometimes challenging / challenge / challengingly their parents as a call

for help.

7. The ones who courage / courageously / courageous stand up for what they

believe are lot of times criticized by their peers.

8. Most parents find teens’ mental processes quite elude / elusive / elusively.

9. Few are courage / courageously / courageous enough to seek professional

counseling.

10. Unfortunately, becoming a parent at such an early age tends to harden /

hardened / hardship these teens and forces them to face the challenging /

challenges / challengingly of adulthood before they would have to otherwise.






ANSWER KEY:

1. challenge

2. hardship

3. courage

4. elude

5. hardened

6. challenge

7. courageously

8. elusive

9. courageous

10. harden / challenges






Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words from the box.

challenge – conquer – contest –

elude – hardship – firsthand –

sponsorship – motto – racer – raffle

1. The world of car __________________ (1) is extremely competitive. First and

foremost, getting ___________________ (2) to get into this very expensive

business is a big ______________________ (3). Not everyone wants to invest

millions of dollars on a driver whose only ______________________ (4)

experience with speedy vehicles is washing an F1 car. The reasons why Ferrari

chose him ______________________(5) him until now. He can’t fathom the

reason why they chose him, but he isn’t complaining.

2. When John won a ______________________ (6) to ride with the world

champion, he couldn’t believe his bad luck. He had entered the

________________________ (7) only for fun, never thinking he would win. He

was terrified of speed, so he had to ___________________ (8) his phobia only to

be at the track. His ________________________(9) had always been ‘slowly but

surely,’ so he wasn’t sure the ________________________ (10) he was going to

have to endure would be worth the popularity he might get.






ANSWER KEY:

1. racing

2. sponsorship

3. challenge

4. firsthand

5. have eluded

6. contest / raffle

7. contest / raffle

8. conquer

9. motto

10. hardship






Fill in the blanks with the necessary words.

1. Mark went out with his friends while his parents were ___________________

somewhere.

2. The youngest member of the gang was arrested when they were holding up a

convenience store. He’d just meant to come ___________________ for the

_____________ and now he’s sitting in jail.

3. Smoking is, first and ____________________________, an addiction.

4. That is a ______________________-class appliance you have there.

5. It took him years to get _____________ the ___________________ to ask

Maddie out.

6. Maddie wanted to ask him out, but she didn’t think it was appropriate for a girl to

___________________ the first _____________.

7. This is going to be a ___________________-in-a-_____________ experience.

8. When you think of the color red, what name first ___________________ to

mind?

9. After she was mugged, Jen decided to take ___________________ karate.

10. Many reporters crave to be the first ones to report a high-___________________

crime.






ANSWER KEY:

1. off

2. along / ride

3. foremost

4. first

5. up / courage

6. make / move

7. once / lifetime

8. springs

9. up

10. profile






Correct the mistakes in these sentences.

1. However my husband loves dogs, I’ve always preferred cats.

2. We had decided never to have pets, nevertheless because of the children, we

decided to get a puppy.

3. My daughter got me buy a Lab.

4. The problem is that the puppy stays sick every time it’s left alone at home.

5. I hope it’ll contest its fear of loneliness soon, or we’ll have to get rid of it.

6. The reason why I agreed to do this elusives me.

7. When you think of Labs, what movie springs to the mind? Marley and Me, of

course.

8. Like Marley, Jake (our Lab) is a firsthand rascal.

9. Watching that movie got me think: what if Jake never learns to obey, just like

Marley?

10. Jake didn’t use to exist in our lives, nowadays however, we don’t seem to be able

to exist without him.






ANSWER KEY:

1. While/Whereas my husband loves dogs, I’ve always preferred cats.

2. We had decided never to have pets; nevertheless, because of the

children, we decided to get a puppy.

3. My daughter got me to buy a Lab.

4. The problem is that the puppy gets sick every time it’s left alone at

home.

5. I hope it’ll conquer its fear of loneliness soon, or we’ll have to get rid

of it.

6. The reason why I agreed to do this eludes me.

7. When you think of Labs, what movie springs to mind? Marley and Me,

of course.

8. Like Marley, Jake (our Lab) is a first-class rascal.

9. Watching that movie got me thinking: what if Jake never learns to

obey, just like Marley?

10. Jake didn’t use to exist in our lives; nowadays, however, we don’t

seem to be able to exist without him.





Unit 11 – COMPOUND ADJECTIVES

Rephrase these sentences as in the example.

This is a story that breaks a person’s heart.

This is a heart-breaking story.

1. A snake is an animal that has cold blood.

2. This is a snake that eats meat.

3. She is a person that loves comfort.

4. Depression is often induced by stress.

5. Some jobs induce stress.

6. He felt as if his heart had been broken.

7. These kids’ manners are so good.

8. These kids’ behavior is so good.

9. I like to talk to people who have a lot of information.

10. This view takes away my breath.






ANSWER KEY:

1. A snake is a cold-blooded animal.

2. This is a meat-eating snake.

3. She’s a comfort-loving person.

4. Depression is often stress-induced.

5. Some jobs are stress-inducing.

6. He felt heartbroken.

7. These kids are so well-mannered!

8. These kids are so well-behaved!

9. I like to talk to well-informed people.

10. This view is breathtaking.






Circle the correct form.

1. She is so suntanned / suntanning that it can’t be healthy!

2. He felt heartbroken / heartbreaking when his girlfriend died.

3. People always compliment Sarah on how well-dressed / well-dressing she is.

4. Mark is a fun-loved / fun-loving guy who doesn’t take anything seriously.

5. Michael Phelps might not be a law-abode / law-abiding citizen, but he certainly is

a broken-record / record-breaking athlete.

6. I love homemade / homemaking food.

7. Her irritation is probably just stress-induced / stress-inducing. Just give her some

time to cool off and she’ll be her usual self again.

8. This cough medication I’m taking is sleep-induced / sleep-inducing. I can barely

keep my eyes open.

9. My cousin is so bad-tempered / bad-tempering she has very few friends.

10. Brazilians are so poorly-informed / poorly-informing about what politicians do that

they keep voting for the same corrupt people.






ANSWER KEY:

1. suntanned

2. heartbroken

3. well-dressed

4. fun-loving

5. law-abiding / record-breaking

6. homemade

7. stress-induced

8. sleep-inducing

9. bad-tempered

10. poorly-informed





Unit 11 – FUTURE SEEN FROM THE PAST

Rewrite the sentences using the cues given.

1. I was going to leave the house when the phone rang. (on the verge of)

2. I was going to study for the final exam but I forgot. (supposed to)

3. I was going to visit my grandmother but ended up going out with my friends

instead. (due to)

4. I should have done my homework on Saturday morning but I slept in. (was to)

5. I was going to kiss my boyfriend when my little brother interrupted us. (on the

verge of)

6. I should have called my best friend on her birthday but I didn’t have any credits on

my cell phone. (supposed to)

7. I should have left at 5, but I took a long shower and only left at 6. (due to)

8. I should have called my mother when I got there but I forgot. (was to)

9. I was going to call for a taxi when a friend offered me a ride. (on the verge of)

10. I was going to sleep over at a friend’s house but decided to go home in the last

minute. (supposed to)





Unit 11 – FUTURE SEEN FROM THE PAST

ANSWER KEY:

1. I was on the verge of leaving the house when the phone rang.

2. I was supposed to study for the final exam but I forgot.

3. I was due to visit my grandmother but ended up going out with my friends

instead.

4. I was to do my homework on Saturday morning but I slept in.

5. I was on the verge of kissing my boyfriend when my little brother

interrupted us.

6. I was supposed to call my best friend on her birthday but I didn’t have any

credits on my cell phone.

7. I was due to leave at 5, but I took a long shower and only left at 6.

8. I was to call my mother when I got there but I forgot.

9. I was on the verge of calling for a taxi when a friend offered me a ride.

10. I was supposed to sleep over at a friend’s house but decided to go home in

the last minute.






Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the word BIND.

1. To ____________________________ means to create a bond, as in “oxygen

________________________ with hydrogen to form water.”

2. You say that some type of food is ____________________ when it causes

constipation.

3. A ________________ is a hard cover in which paper documents or magazines are

stored

4. When you are in trouble, you say you’re in a ________________.

5. To ________________ also means to tie, as in “the two ropes were

________________ by tight knots.”

6. A book________________ is a person who fastens loose pages together inside a

cover to make a book.

7. A ________________________ agreement cannot be legally avoided.

8. The ____________________ is the front and back covering of a book.

9. To ________________ somebody to something is also to make someone keep a

promise, as in “I was ________________to secrecy.”

10. The ________________ is also one of the fastenings on a ski or snowboard that

hold the ski to the boot.






ANSWER KEY:

1. bind / binds

2. binding

3. binder

4. bind

5. bind / bound

6. bookbinder

7. binding

8. binding

9. bind / bound

10. binding







1. Amy put her bind / binding / binder with all her English worksheets on her desk.

2. She smoothly / smoothed / smooth out her skirt before she sat down.

3. Even though she had taken some medication that was sleep- induced / inducing /

induction, she felt ready to begin to study.

4. She wanted to review the verb tenses she kept mixed up / mixing up / mix-up.

5. She was bound / binding / bind by a promise to her mother. She would do better

this term.

6. She touched the smoothly / smooth / smoothed surface of the folder thinking that

she really didn’t feel like studying that afternoon.

7. She tried to convince her parents that her low grades were the result of a mixing-

up / mixed-up / mix-up of the computer system, but they were not convinced.

8. She would be in a terrible bind / binding / binder if her grades didn’t increase

now.






ANSWER KEY:

1. binder

2. smoothed

3. inducing

4. mixing up

5. bound

6. smooth

7. mix-up

8. bind







beforehand – character – flee – glance – glitch – fair

live up to one’s expectations – mix-up – no-show – smooth

I can’t stand my writing teacher. All it took was a (1)____________________,

one quick look, for us to develop mutual hatred. So you can guess how happy I was

when she was a (2)____________________________ last class. Apparently there had

been a (3) ____________________________________ with her schedule and she had to

be at two places at the same time. I had heard that there was a new writing teacher at the

school, but I hadn’t met him yet. Well, in walks this Greek god, with

(4)____________________ olive skin and green eyes. I had heard he was good-looking,

but I hadn’t expected him to (5)____________________________________, which

were ordinarily pretty high. Well, he did and some. Some girls had an attack of the

giggles and had to (6) ________________________ to the bathroom when he started

class.

He started out by asking us to create real-life

(7)____________________________ for our stories – no princesses with (8)

____________________________ hair or stalwart princes. I pretended there was a

(9)____________________ on my computer to attract his attention. As he was walking

closer, I noticed a sparkle in his eye. He said, “Maybe I should have told you

(10)________________________, but I’ll be taking over this class from Mrs. Carey. I

hope it’s OK by you.” More like a dream come true, I thought!






ANSWER KEY:

1. glance

2. no-show

3. mix-up

4. smooth

5. live up to my expectations

6. flee

7. characters

8. fair

9. glitch

10. beforehand







be out of something – bound – fall through – handcuffs –

induce – get one’s act together – marshal –

on the verge of – wander – time-consuming

1. Internet games can be really __________________. I know people who spend hours

tending their virtual farms.

2. Stop crying and _____________________! You have to take ownership of your

life!

3. Martha’s plans for going to college abroad __________________ when she got

pregnant.

4. Would you mind running to the store? We __________________ sugar.

5. John was scared when he saw there was a federal ____________ at his door.

6. Many people dream of __________________ around the world, like nomads.

7. The teacher stopped yelling when she realized the kids were

_____________________ tears.

8. The __________________ around the criminal’s wrists were pretty conspicuous.

9. When they found the kidnapped woman, her legs and arms were

__________________ with ropes.

10. Sally woke up from her drug-__________________ sleep in a state of stupor.






ANSWER KEY:

1. time-consuming

2. get your act together

3. fell through

4. are out of

5. marshal

6. wandering

7. on the verge of

8. handcuffs

9. bound

10. induced





Unit 12 – -EVER

Fill in the blanks from these song extracts with the correct –EVER word.

1. I Will Be Right Here Waiting for You, Bryan Adams

(1)_______________ you go, (2) __________________ you do, I will be right here

waiting for you.

(3)____________ it takes, or how my heart breaks, I will be right here waiting for

you.

2. Whenever You’re Away From Me, Olivia Newton-John

(4)____________ you’re away from me, (5)____________ you go

You’re never far away from me, I want you to know.

3. ____________(6) I Go, John Mayer

(7)____________ I go,

(8)____________ I do,

I wonder where I am in my relationship to you.

(9)____________ you go,

(10)____________ you are,

I watch your life play out in pictures from afar.

(11)____________ I go,

(12)____________ I do,

I wonder where I am in my relationship to you.

(13)____________ you go,

(14)____________ you are,

I watch that pretty life play out in pictures from afar.





Unit 12 – -EVER

ANSWER KEY:

1. Wherever

2. whatever

3. Whatever

4. Whenever

5. wherever

6. Wherever

7. Wherever

8. Whatever

9. Wherever

10. Wherever

11. Wherever

12. Whatever

13. Wherever

14. Wherever





Unit 12 – PATTERNS WITH HAVE

Look at the pairs of sentences and fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs

in parentheses.

My father has me ________________________ (1. do) my homework before dinner

every night.

I have __________________ (2. do) my homework before dinner every night.

I had _____________________ (3. laugh) after I heard that story.

That story really had me _____________________ (4. laugh).

Our ballet teacher had us __________________ (5. dance) the same choreography ten

times.

That catch tune had us __________________ (6. dance) in no time at all.

I had my brother __________________(7. help) me with my homework.

I had __________________ (8. help) my brother do his homework.

Knowing I’ll be on vacation soon has me _______________ (9. jump) with joy.

The coach had us _______________ (10. jump) one hundred times.

We had _____________________ (11. jump) one hundred times in gym class today.






ANSWER KEY:

1. do

2. to do

3. to laugh

4. laughing

5. dance

6. dancing

7. help

8. to help

9. jumping

10. jump

11. to jump






Complete the sentences with information about you. Use the –ing form of the verbs.

1. Listening to opera has me _____________________________________________.

2. Watching my parents kissing has me _____________________________________.

3. Taking an exam has me _______________________________________________.

4. Meeting my girl/boyfriend parents has me ________________________________.

5. Going somewhere for the first time has me ________________________________.

6. Knowing that my friends had a fight has me _______________________________.

7. Getting a good grade on a test has me ____________________________________.

8. Failing an exam has me _______________________________________________.






ANSWER KEY:

Answers will vary. Ask the Grammar Clinic teacher for help if necessary.






Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the word in parentheses.

1. The number of people who have iPhones these days __________________ me.

(astounding)

2. My sister has ________________________ red hair. (flame)

3. The kids __________________ jumped up when their parents asked if they wanted

to go to Disney World. (promptness)

4. I can’t remember the exact _____________________ on the note that Mariah wrote

me, but it sure was offensive. (word)

5. Teaching can be a __________________ experience when you get a group of

interested students. (delight)

6. The Israeli attack on the flotilla has __________________ the relations in the

Middle East. (flame)

7. Even though the teacher ____________ Sally to speak, she remained silent.

(promptly)

8. The dying embers _______________ into a red hot fire again as the couple stoked

the fireplace. (flaming)

9. I’m _______________ to announce that I’ll be moving to the US next month.

(delightful)

10. This text is too ____________ - maybe you should try to simplify it? (word)






ANSWER KEY:

1. astounds

2. flaming

3. promptly

4. wording

5. delightful

6. inflamed

7. prompted

8. flamed

9. delighted

10. wordy






Do these sentences make sense (S) or not (N)?

1. ___ Coffee keeps me awake so I usually drink decaf when I have to study all night.

2. ___ Negotiations came to a standstill when neither party wanted to give in an inch.

3. ___ Because Madie is on a diet, she’s been avoiding skim milk.

4. ___ It’s very hard to put your feelings on words sometimes.

5. ___ Smog is a common problem in polluted cities like São Paulo.

6. ___ I’m asking you to take my word for it – why don’t you check it out yourself?

7. ___ Don’t talk to Diane today. She’s having a bad hair day.

8. ___ Politics never put a spin on stories because that might hurt their careers.

9. ___ Mothers are sometimes astounding to find out that their kids behave better at

school than at home.

10. ___ That candidate says his ultimate goal is social transformation, but I don’t believe

him.






ANSWER KEY:

1. N

2. S

3. N

4. N

5. S

6. N

7. S

8. N

9. N

10. S






Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the vocabulary items from the box. There

are two extra items.

veggie – delight – flame – spin – ultimate – standstill – skim –

in a word – words fail me – bad hair day – astound – prompt

1. There are some days when girls have such a _______________ that they don’t even

want to leave the house.

2. ____________ doctors are high in demand in electoral years.

3. When I first saw him, it was as if the world had come to a ____________. Nothing

seemed to move around us.

4. I don’t know how to thank you. _________.

5. When my sister asked if she could borrow my iPad, I answer, “_________, no!”

6. These exercises are _______________ easy to complete. I feel so happy!

7. Some people say that e-books are the ____________ reading technology, but I’m

sure there’s plenty more that can be invented.

8. I was ____________ to hear that there’s no free public health system in the USA.

That was such a surprise!

9. If you don’t eat meat, why don’t you try this ____________ burger?

10. He answered my e-mail _________, in less than two minutes.






ANSWER KEY:

1. bad hair day

2. Spin

3. standstill

4. Words fail me

5. In a word

6. delightfully

7. ultimate

8. astounded

9. veggie

10. promptly






Find and correct the mistakes in these sentences.

1. You can choose wherever place you want to go.

2. You can invite however you want.

3. Would you mind replying prompt?

4. It was astounded to see how many people showed up at the concert.

5. People were delightful to hear that the band was coming to Brazil.

6. My best friend had me to buy her ticket for her.

7. The band had the crowd sing and dance throughout the concert.

8. Some people had flamed conversations with the security personnel when their

cameras were taken away from them.

9. Whatever late the show ended, everyone wanted more.

10. You’re putting words into my mouth. I never said I hated that band!






ANSWER KEY:

1. You can choose whatever/whichever place you want to go.

2. You can invite whoever/whomever you want.

3. Would you mind replying promptly?

4. It was astounding to see how many people showed up at the concert.

5. People were delighted to hear that the band was coming to Brazil.

6. My best friend had me buy her ticket for her.

7. The band had the crowd singing and dancing throughout the concert.

8. Some people had inflamed conversations with the security personnel when

their cameras were taken away from them.

9. However late the show ended, everyone wanted more.

10. You’re putting words in my mouth. I never said I hated that band!





Unit 13 – SPECIAL USES OF THE SIMPLE PAST

Jake’s father is not happy about Jake’s behavior lately. What does he say to his son?

Rephrase these sentences using the cues given.

1. You have to start taking things more seriously. (It’s about time)

2. I would be happy if you stayed home on school nights. (I’d rather)

3. It would please me if your grades were higher. (I wish)

4. For you to get a better allowance, you would have to obey me. (If you)

5. Your mother wants you to pay more attention to what she says. (She wishes)

6. You have to choose a career. (It’s high time)

7. It would be preferable for you not to depend on us financially for the rest of your

life. (I’d rather)

8. You don’t listen to us. You could learn a lot. (If only you)

9. Stop being so childish! (It’s time)

10. Don’t spend so much time on the computer. (I wish)






ANSWER KEY:

1. It’s about time you took / you started taking things more seriously.

2. I’d rather you stayed home on school nights.

3. I wish your grades were higher.

4. If you obeyed me, you’d get a better allowance.

5. She wishes you would pay / you paid more attention to what she said/says.

6. It’s high time you chose a career.

7. I’d rather you didn’t depend on us financially for the rest of your life.

8. If only you listened / would listen to us, you could/would learn a lot.

9. It’s time you stopped being so childish.

10. I wish you didn’t / wouldn’t spend so much time on the computer.






Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.

Meg: Hi, Tim.

Tim: Meg! Where do you think you’re going dressed like that? I wish you

_______________ (1. wear) decent clothes.

Meg: And I’d rather you __________________ (2. talk – neg.) to me like that. Not

even my dad does!

Tim: If he __________________(3. do), maybe then you __________________ (4.

behave – neg.) so badly.

Meg: Tim, it’s about time you __________________ (5. treat) me with more respect. I

resent the way you talk to me.

Tim: And it’s high time you __________________ (6. act) as if you

__________________ (7. have) a boyfriend, not like you were showing everyone

how available you are.

Meg: You know what? I guess it’s time I _______________ (8. make) myself available

again.

Tim: I wish you _______________ (9. speak) more clearly. I don’t get it.

Meg: You don’t? So I’ll spell it out to you: it’s time you __________________ (10.

find) yourself a new girlfriend. I’m breaking up with you!






ANSWER KEY:

1. wore / would wear

2. didn’t talk

3. did

4. wouldn’t behave

5. treated

6. acted

7. had

8. made

9. spoke / would speak

10. found





Unit 13 – RATHER

Rewrite these sentences using rather.

1. I prefer to study languages with Josh than math with Jason.

2. Jason is very good-looking, don’t you think?

3. Josh drives a bit fast.

4. Jason, that is, Josh might be transferred to my class.

5. Jason didn’t go to the right room but went to my class instead.

6. He was a little embarrassed when he realized he’d made a mistake.

7. Do you prefer to meet Josh or Jason?

8. Josh and Jason are kind of shy.

9. Josh doesn’t want to become a doctor, but a vet instead.

10. Jason, not Josh, asked me out.





Unit 13 – RATHER

ANSWER KEY:

1. I’d rather study languages with Josh than math with Jason.

2. Jason is rather good-looking, don’t you think?

3. Josh drives rather fast.

4. Jason, or rather, Josh might be transferred to my class.

5. Jason didn’t go to the right room but rather went to my class.

6. He was rather embarrassed when he realized he’d made a mistake.

7. Would you rather meet Josh or Jason?

8. Josh and Jason are rather shy.

9. Josh doesn’t want to become a doctor, but rather a vet.

10. Jason, rather than Josh, asked me out.





Unit 13 – RATHER

What does rather mean in each of these sentences?

a. prefer b. instead of c. a little d. more correctly

1. ___ We want to talk more about jobs or rather joblessness.

2. ___ Most people would rather watch a movie than read a book.

3. ___ These paintings address imagination rather than intelligence.

4. ___ Who’d rather stay home when they can enjoy a sunny day?

5. ___ Investors, rather than buy stocks, should put their money in more conservative

investments.

6. ___ His lunch went cold. Or rather, the warm bits went cold while the cold bits went

warm.

7. ___ Buy the blue-ray version rather than the DVD of your favorite movie.

8. ___ The teacher was rather upset when she saw the quiz results.

9. ___The entity created this world, or rather this earth with its Firmament, its Sun and

Moon and the Stars.

10. ____ Tom was rather afraid of his mother’s reaction.





Unit 13 – RATHER

ANSWER KEY:

1. d

2. a

3. b

4. a

5. b

6. d

7. b

8. c

9. d

10. c







1. Getting that player’s endorse/endorsement/endorser for their line of products was

a stroke of genius.

2. Having that player endorse/endorsement/endorser their line of products was a

stroke of genius.

3. The CEO had urgent/urged/urge they picked someone else.

4. The CEO had them urgent/urged/urge another player to take the job.

5. The CEO had called an urgent/urged/urge meeting to dissuade them from inviting

that player.

6. The board thought the CEO’s decision has been

detriment/detrimental/detrimentally to the company.

7. The CEO felt betray/betrayal/betrayed and resigned.

8. The CEO felt that was a sort of betray/betrayal/betrayed and resigned.

9. The endorsers/endorsees/endorsements of the plan were actually glad the CEO

left the company.

10. They now have to call up another meeting urgent/urged/urgently to decide on a

new CEO.






ANSWER KEY:

1. endorsement

2. endorse

3. urged

4. urge

5. urgent

6. detrimental

7. betrayed

8. betrayal

9. endorsers

10. urgently







detriment – dignitary – fund-raising – urge – poverty-stricken – buzzword – do the trick

– in good conscience – safeguard – ease one’s conscience

The ___________________________(1) nowadays is sustainability: how we can

use the resources available to us and still leave them intact for the next generations.

Some people believe that only recycling will ___________________________ (2), but

this view point can actually be ________________________(3) when you think of how

many more action are necessary to keep the Earth alive and breathing. People separate

their trash and therefore ________________________(4), but is that enough? Not by a

long shot. Some more proactive people try to put together _____________________ (5)

events, to which they invite _____________________(6) and celebrities in the hopes of

attracting media attention, but who can _____________________(7) believe that all

those funds will actually reach the people living in _____________________(8) areas,

who are throwing their trash in the nearby river because of lack of infra-structure? If we

are to __________________(9) our planet against the threat of imminent destruction, we

have to _____________________(10) our governments to provide everyone with their

basic needs. Only once people have what they need to live with dignity can they start

thinking about the environment.






ANSWER KEY:

1. buzzword

2. do the trick

3. detrimental

4. ease their conscience

5. fund-raising

6. dignitaries

7. in good conscience

8. poverty-stricken

9. safeguard

10. urge






Do these sentences make sense (S) or not (N)? Correct the ones that don’t make sense.

1. ___ I don’t want to have your death in my conscience. I’ll drive you home.

2. ___We’re collecting some money to buy Sarah a present. Do you want to contribute?

3. ___ When Jack’s parents died, he and his brother didn’t have to fend for themselves.

They didn’t have anyone else in the world.

4. ___ When people are deprivation of their basic needs, they sometimes resort to crime.

5. ___Staple foods include rice and beans.

6. ___ Many houses were mowed up during the earthquake

7. ___ The president greeted dignitaries from many countries as if there were important

people.

8. ___ Donna just made a donation because she was stricken with a guilty conscience.

9. ___ Many people were given their livelihood when the company closed. Most were

out of jobs for years.

10. ___ Never betray a friend’s confidence if you still want to call him by that name.






ANSWER KEY:

1. N - I don’t want to have your death on my conscience. I’ll drive you home.

2. S

3. N - When Jack’s parents died, he and his brother had to fend for

themselves. They didn’t have anyone else in the world.

4. N - When people are deprived of their basic needs, they sometimes resort

to crime.

5. S

6. N - Many houses were mowed down during the earthquake.

7. N – The president greeted dignitaries from many countries as if there

weren’t important people.

8. S

9. N - Many people were deprived of their livelihood when the company

closed. Most were out of jobs for years.

10. S

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