pre intermediate grammar

8/2/2019 Pre Intermediate Grammar

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Present continuousPtomn as prbhov

Kladn tvar Zpor

I m travelling I m not travelling

you re travelling you arent travellinghe heshe s travelling she isnt travellingit it

we weyou re travelling you arent travellingthey they

Otzka

Am I travelling ?

Are you travelling ?

heIs she travelling ?it

weAre you travelling ?

they

Spelling: ingform Pravopis: tvaring

Koncovkaingse pidv k zkladnmutvaru vtiny sloves.talk talking

Pokud je zkladn tvar slovesa zakonen nae, pak toto e nahradme koncovkou ing.change changing

Pokud je sloveso zakoneno na skupinusamohlska + souhlska, poslednsouhlsku zdvojujeme a pot pidme ing.stop stopping

Present simple and present continuousPtomn as prost a prbhov

Ptomn as prost pouvme k popisurutinnch a opakovanch innost.Hegets upat 7.30 every day.

Ptomn as prbhov popisuje dj, kterse odehrv v okamiku promluvy.Were watching TV now.NE: We watch TV now.

Unit 1 Lekce 1Present simple Ptomn as prost

Kladn tvar Zpor

I think I dont think

you youhe heshe thinks she doesnt think it it

we weyou think you dont think they they

dont = do not

doesnt = does not

Otzka

DoI

think ?you

heDoes she think ?

it

weDo you think ?

they

Ptomn as prost se pouv k popisuinnost, kter se doehrvaj v ptomnosti,zpravidla se opakuj nebo maj charakterrutiny.She alwaysgoeshome at eight oclock.I cook dinner every evening.

Spelling: third person singularsPravopis: tet osoba jednotnho sla

Ve tet osob jednotnho sla ptomnhoasu prostho obvykle pidvme sk zkladnmu tvaru slovesa.think thinks

Pokud je zkladn tvar slovesa zakonen

na skupinu souhlska + y, nahradmetoto y koncovkou ies.copy copies

Pokud je zkladn tvar slovesa zakonennach, ss, sh, xnebo o, pidvme es.go goes watch watches

Adventures Pre-Intermediate Gramatika 1

Adventures Pre-Intermediate Gramatika


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Spelling: past simple regular verbsPravopis: minul as prost u pravidelnchsloves

K zkladnmu tvaru vtiny sloves se pidvkoncovkaed.talk talked

Pokud je zkladn tvar slovesa zakonennae, pidme pouze koncovku d.change changed

Pokud je zkladn tvar slovesa zakonenna skupinu souhlska + y, nahradmetoto y pponou ied.copy copied

Pokud je zkladn tvar slovesa zakonen

na skupinu samohlska + souhlska,zdvojme tuto souhlsku a pidme ed.stop stopped

Past simple irregular verbsMinul as prost u nepravidelnch sloves

Nkter slovesa jsou nepravideln. Protvoen nepravidelnch sloves neexistujdn pravidla. Je teba nauit se jednotlivtvary kadho slovesa zpamti.go went know knew

have had see sawviz str. 10

Tvar minulho asu prostho u nepravi-delnch sloves je stejn pro vechny osoby

jednotnho a mnonho sla.

Zporn vty a otzky u minulho asuprostho u nepravidelnch sloves se tvostejnm zpsobem jako u sloves pravidelnchI didnt have dinner We didnt go to SpainDidyou have dinner? Didtheygo to Spain?

Subject and object questionsOtzky na podmt a pedmt

Pokud se tzacm zjmenem ptmena pedmt, pouvme v ptomnm aseprostm pomocn sloveso do nebo doesa v minulm ase prostm pak pomocnsloveso did.

NEPRAVIDELN SLOVESA

Ptomn as prbhov tak pouvmek vyjden budoucch dj, o nich je pedemrozhodnuto nebo kter jsou naplnovny.Im not going to the match on Sunday.

Unit 2 Lekce 2Past simple Minul as prost

Kladn tvar

Iyouhesheitweyouthey

didnt = did not

Otzka

Did

Tvar minulho asu prostho pravidelnch

a nepravidelnch sloves je stejn ve vechosobch jednotnho i mnonho sla.I likedthe film. You likedthe film.She likedthe film.I sawthe film. Yousawthe film.She sawthe film.

Minul as prost se pouv k popisu djzakonench v minulosti. innosti, stavya dje vyjden prostm minulm asemjsou pojmny jako celistv a ukonen,pop. opakovan.

She danceda lot yesterday.He won the competition last year.Wedidnt go to bed at midnight.

Minul as prost tak pouvme k popisustav, kter nastaly v minulosti.I feltterrible yesterday.You werenthappy last weekend.

2 Adventures Pre-Intermediate Gramatika

danced

saw

stopped

Zpor


dance

didnt see

stop


dance

?

see ?

stop ?


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Podmt Pedmt

Tom saw someone yesterday.Who did Tom see yesterday?

Pokud se tzacm zjmenem ptme

na podmt, nepouvme v ptomnm aseprostm pomocn sloveso do nebo doesa v minulm ase prostm nepouvmepomocn sloveso did. Sloveso m stejn tvarjako ve vt oznamovac.Podmt Pedmt

Someone saw Tom yesterday.

Who saw Tom yesterday?

Past continuous Minul as prbhov

Kladn tvar Zpor I was sleeping I wasnt sleeping

you were sleeping you werent sleeping

he heshe was sleeping she wasnt sleepingit it

we weyou were sleeping you werent sleepingthey they

wasnt = was not

werent = were not

Otzka

Was I sleeping ?

Were you sleeping ?

heWas she sleeping ?

it

weWere you sleeping ?

they

Minul as prbhov se pouv k popisu

innosti, kter v minulosti po uritou dobuprobhala. Takov innost je pojmna jakoproces.When we arrived, the girls were talking.

Past continuous and past simpleMinul as prbhov a minul as prost

Minul as prbhov se pouv, pokudhovome o innosti, kter probhalav uritm okamiku v minulosti.What were you doing at seven oclock?I was making the dinner.

Minul as prost pouvme k popisuukonen innosti v minulosti. Takovinnost je pojmna jako celistv a uzavenShe wentto school yesterday.

Minul as prost a prbhov pouvmetak zrove, kdy njak innost nastanev prbhu jin, del innosti.The robbers were arguing when the policearrived.

Unit 3 Lekce 3Pronouns: some , any and everyZjmena: njak, dna kad

Zjmena tvome tak pidnm where,thingnebo body ke slovmsome,any aevery

somewhere anywhere everywherenkde kdekoliv vude

(nikde v zporu;

nkde v otzce)something anything everything

nco cokoliv vechno(nic v zporu;nco v otzce)

somebody anybody everybody nkdo kdokoliv vichni

(nikdo v zporu;nkdo v otzce)

where se pouv pro msta.I want to go somewhere hot.

She looked everywhere for some new shoes. thingse pouv pro vci.

Did you buyanything to eat?Everything is very expensive.

body se pouv u osob.I didnt knowanybody at the party.Somebody was knocking on the door.


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Zpor

Poitateln Nepoitateln

I havent got many eggs. Pasta doesnt containmuch fat.

Otzka


How many vitamins are How much fat is therethere in this orange? in this sausage?

A lot ofpouvme u poitatelncha nepoitatelnch podstatnch jmen

v kladnch i v zpornch vtch.

Many se pouv ve spojen s poitatelnmipodstatnmi jmny v zpornch vtcha v otzkch.

Much se pouv ve spojen s nepoitatelnmpodstatnmi jmny v zpornch vtcha v otzkch.

(not) enough, too much and too many(ne)dost, pli mnoho

enough = dost (dostaten, potebn mnostpotebn mra vlastnosti)

not enough = ne dost (nedostaten mnostvmal mra vlastnosti)

(Not) enough se pouv po pdavnm jmni pslovci.The restaurant is big enough for all of us.This marmalade isnt sweet enough.

(Not) enough se pouv ve spojen s nepoittelnmi podstatnmi jmny a s tvary mno.sla poitatelnch podstatnch jmen.Have we got enough milk?We havent got enough eggs to make a tortilla.

too much/too many = pli mnoho (vce neje poteba)

Too much se pouv ve spojen s nepoitatelnmi podstatnmi jmny.Theres too much sugar in my tea.

Too many se pouv ve spojen s tvary mnosla poitatelnch podstatnch jmen.John has bought too many pizzas.

Slova sesomevtinou pouvmev kladnch vtch.Theres something in my shoe.

Slova sany se pouvaj v zpornch vtcha v otzkch.There isnt anythingvegetarian on the menu.Is there anywhere you want to go?

Slova sesomevak meme pout i v otzce,jestlie maj funkci nabdky a dosti.Obvykle se v takovch ppadech oekvkladn odpov.Would you like something to eat?Can somebody close the window, please?

Countable and uncountable nouns

Poitateln a nepoitateln podstatn jmnaPoitateln Nepoitateln

a sweet sugar some sweets some sugar six sweets

Poitateln podstatn jmna maj tvarjednotnho i mnonho sla.car - cars egg - eggs

Ve spojen s poitatelnmi podstatnmijmny meme pout slovky.

one car two cars Nepoitateln podstatn jmna nemaj tvar

mnonho sla.money NE: moneyswaterNE: waters

Ve spojen s nepoitatelnmi podstatnmijmny nememe pout slovky.NOT: one money two moneys

Quantity: a lot of, many, much

Vrazy vyjadujc mnostv: a lot of, many, muchKladn tvar


There are a lot of Theres a lot of fat vitamins in vegetables. in sausages.



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Unit 4 Lekce 4Comparative and superlative adjectivesPdavn jmna: 2. a 3. stupe

Pponami (e)ra(e)stse tvo druh

a tet stupe jednoslabinch a nkterchdvouslabinch pdavnch jmen. Tetstupe pdavnch jmen se vdy pojs lenem uritm:Jack is tall.Jack is tallerthan John. (2. stupe)Jack is the tallestin his class. (3. stupe)

Podoby zakonen:Pdavn jmno je zakoneno na souhlsku(pidvme er, est):cheap cheaper the cheapestPdavn jmno je zakoneno na samohlsku(pidvme r, st):nice nicer the nicestPdavn jmno je zakoneno nay (mn sepi stupovn nai):friendly friendlier the friendliest

Opisem, pomoc slovmore athe mostse tvodruh a tet stupe dvou- a vceslabinchpdavnch jmen:expensive more expensive the mostexpensive

Pponami (e)ra(e)stse tvo druha tet stupe jednoslabinch a nkterchdvouslabinch pdavnch jmen. Tetstupe pdavnch jmen se vdy pojs lenem uritm:Jack is tall.

Nkter pdavn jmna maj nepravidelntvary 2. a 3. stupngood better the bestbad worse the worst

2. stupe pdavnch jmen (komparativ) sepouv pi porovnvn dvou vc.Slippers are cheaperthan trainers.

3. stupe pdavnch jmen (superlativ)vyjaduje nejvy mru vlastnosti oznaendanm pdavnm jmnem.The USA is the richestcountry in the world.

going to and will vazbagoing to a will

Kladn tvar Zpor

I m going to be I m not going to be

you re going to be you arent going to be

he heshe s going to be she isnt going to beit it

we weyou re going to be you arent going to bethey they

m = am m = am

re = are arent = are not

s = is isnt = is not

Otzka

Am I going to be ?

Are you going to be ?

heIs she going to be ?

it

weAre you going to be ?

they

Kladn tvar Zpor

I Iyou you

he heshe

ll beshe

wont beit it we weyou youthey they

ll = will wont = will not

Tvarygoing to awillse pouvaj k vyjdenbudoucnosti.

Vazbagoing to se pouv pro vyjdenpln a zmr.

Im going to go shopping next week.My sisters going to be a shop assistant.

Willse pouv pro pedpovdi budoucchudlost.Everybodywill have a computer in the futureThat caf probablywont have any vegetarianfood.


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Ever(nkdy, kdy) znamen nkdy bhemtvho ivota. Zporn tvar never(nikdy)znamen nikdy bhem tvho ivota;nikdy a dosud.Have you everdriven a car?

Ive neverbeen on a plane.viz str. 10

Present perfect:yetand alreadyPedptomn as: u

Yetaalready se asto pouvaj ve vtchv pedptomnm ase.

Yetse pouv na konci otzek a v zpornchvtch. Yetpouvme, kdy si myslme, ek nemu brzy dojde.

Has he phoned yet?He hasnt phoned yet.

Slovoalready pouvme ped pestmminulm, kdy k nemu dolo dve, nejsme oekvali.Its 8 oclock and theyve already arrived atschool.

Unit 6 Lekce 6Present perfect and past simplePedptomn as a minul as prost

Pedptomn as pouvme, pokudhovome o vcech, ke kterm a dosuddolo. Pesn okamik, kdy se dj odehrl,nen znm nebo nen dleit. Proto se vtneuvd psloven uren asu.John has boughta new surfboard.

Minul as prost se pouv, pokud sehovome o djch, kter byly v minulostiukoneny. Pesn okamik, kdy se djodehrl, je znm. Proto se vt uvd tak

psloven uren asu.John boughta new surfboard last week.

NEPRAVIDELN SLOVESA

too and (not) enough plia (ne) dost

too aenoughjsou pslovce.

too = vce ne je nutnThis CD costs 15.99 its too expensive.

enough = potebn mnostvIve got 16.00 thatsenough money for a CD.

not enough = nedostaten mnostvIve got 8.00 that isnt enough money fora CD.

Too se pouv ve spojen s pdavnmijmny.The boots are too expensive.

Enough se pouv po pdavnch jmnech.

The boots arent smart enough.

Unit 5 Lekce 5Present perfect Pedptomn as

Kladn tvar Zpor I Iyou

ve arrivedyou

havent arrived

he heshe s arrived she hasnt arrivedit it

we we

you ve arrived you havent arrivedthey they

ve = have havent = have not

s = has hasnt = has not

OtzkaIHaveyou

arrived ?

heHas she arrived ?

it

we

Have you arrived ?they

Pedptomn as pouvme, kdyhovome o svch zkuenostech a zitcch.Ive been to America.Ive never reada book in Italian.



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ll go

Iyouhe

sheitweyouthey

wont go

might stay might not stay

Zpor

Iyouheshe

itweyouthey

Willawontpouvme, pokud jsme si svmnzorem tm jisti.I studied a lot Ill passthe exam.

Mightamight notpouvme, kdy si nejsmezcela jisti svmi nzory.Shes ill, so she might not be at the party.

First conditional Prvn podmnka

Tzv. prvn podmnka vyjaduje relnoupodmnku, kter me bt v budoucnostisplnna.

Podmnka m vdy podobu souvt. Prvnpodmnka se tvo: if+ ptomn as prost(podmnkov vta) awill/wont+ infinitiv(hlavn vta).

Ifyou stopon a black block, youll lose a life.NE: Ifyou will stopon a black block,youll lose a life.If you dont pick upthe torch, you wont seethe diamonds.

Poad vt je mono zamnit. Pokud stojjako prvn vta s if, nsleduje po n rka.Ifyou donteat, youll die.Youll die ifyou dont eat.

Second conditional Druh podmnka Tzv. druh podmnka se pouv pro

nepravdpodobn i pomysln situace.

Druh podmnka se tvo:If+ minul asprost (podmnkov vta), + would/wouldnt+ zkladn tvar (hlavn vta).IfI hadmore money, Id buy a car.IfI didnt eatmeat, Id go to a vegetarianrestaurant.

Poad vt je mono zamnit. Pokud je jako

prvn vta s if, nsleduje po n rka.IfI hadmore money, Id buy a car.Id buy a car ifI hadmore money.

Present perfect:forand sincePedptomn as:po a od

Pedptomn as se pouv, kdy hovomeo djch, kter zaaly v minulosti a stlepokrauj v ptomnosti. Slovoforse pouv,

abychom vyjdili, jak dlouho situace ji trv.Ive played in the basketball team forten years.

Since se pouv, kdy chceme vyjdit, kdysituace zaala.Ive played in the basketball team since 1992.

Present perfect:just Pedptomn as:prv

Slovojustpouvme v pedptomnm ase,hovome-li o vcech, kter nastaly nedvno.Ian hasjusthad his first skiing lesson.

Justse ve vt nachz po pomocnm slovese.Viz t souhrnn vklad o slovosledu, str. 12.NE: They just have arrived.

Unit 7 Lekce 7willand might budu a mon budu

Kladn tvar Zpor

Iyouhe

sheitweyouthey

ll = will wont = will not

Kladn tvar

Iyouheshe

itweyouthey

Slovesawill, wont, mightamight notsepouvaj k vyjden naeho nzoruna budoucnost.



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Unit 8 Lekce 8Permission: can, couldand be allowed toDovolen: moci, mohla mt povoleno

Slovacan, couldabe allowed to pouvme,pokud hovome o povolen neho

v ptomnm a minulm ase.

Slovesacan acould+ sloveso pouvme bez

stice to.I couldnt go out. NE: I couldnt to go out.

Pouv se vazbabe allowed to + zkladn tvarslovesa.I wasnt allowed to go out.

Obligation: have to and must Povinnost: muset

asto pouvme tvar must, kdy hovomeo nem, o em hovoc rozhodl, e je nutn.You mustpay for the window that you broke.We

mustntforget to buy Jane a present.

MustI go? Id rather stay here.

Have to se pouv, pokud nutnost vyplvz okolnost, ne z vle mluvho.I have to go to the supermarket.(= protoe doma nen dn jdlo)Mark doesnt have to walk far to school.(= protoe bydl blzko)

Ptomn

Iyouhe canshe

go outitwe cant

youthey

Minul

Iyouhe couldshe

go outitwe couldnt

youthey

PtomnKladn tvar

I m allowed to go

you re allowed to go

heshe s allowed to goit

weyou re allowed to gothey

Zporn tvar

I m not allowed to go

you arent allowed to go

heshe isnt allowed to goit

weyou arent allowed to gothey

Have gotje mn formlnm zpsobem,jak vyjdithave to. Pouv se pouzev ptomnm ase.Ive got to go home now.Theyhavent got to get up early tomorrow.

Have childrengot to fight in wars in yourcountry?

Mustse pouv jen v ptomnm ase.V ostatnch asech se pouvaj opisn tvarys have to.Well have to leave soon.He had to go into town.

Unit 9 Lekce 9The passive: present simple

Trpn rod: ptomn as prostKladn tvar Zpor I m taught I m not taught

you re taught you arent taught

he heshe s taught she isnt taught it it

we weyou re taught you arent taught they they

m = am

re = ares = is

The passive: past simpleTrpn rod: minul as prost

Kladn tvar Zpor I was taught I wasnt taught

you were taught you werent taught

he heshe was taught she wasnt taught it it

we weyou were taught you werent taught they they

viz str. 10NEPRAVIDELN SLOVESA


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Pedminul as se pouv, hovome-lio innosti, kter v minulosti pedchzelajin innosti.When hed finishedhis homework, he went ouNEBO

He went out when hed finishedhis homework(Prvn innost: Dokonil svj domc kol.Druh innost: el ven.)

Pronunciation: edendingsVslovnost: koncovkyed

edse vyslovuje jako /Id/, pokud je zkladntvar slovesa zakonen na/t/ nebo /d/.wanted, visited

edse vyslovuje jako /d/, pokud je zkladn

tvar slovesa zakonen na samohlsku neboznlou souhlsku.died, rescued

edse vyslovuje jako /t/, pokud je zkladntvar slovesa zakonen na neznlou souhlskuhelped, worked

Reported speech Nepm e

Pm e Nepm e

Ptomn as prost Minul as prost

Itlooks great! He said that it lookedgreat.

Minul as Pedminul asI sawthe film. She said that shed

seen the film.

Pedptomn as Pedminul asHes seen us. I said that hed seen us.

will would

Thiswill help. He said that thiswould help.

can could

Itcantsee us. She said that it couldntsee us.

Nepm e se pouv k zachycen: toho, co ekl nkdo jin:Tom said that Peter would help us.

toho, co dan mluv ekl v minulosti:I said that Peter would help us.

The passive (present and past simple)Trpn rod (ptomn a minul as prost)

Trpn rod ptomnho i minulho asuprostho se tvo pomoc pslunho tvaruslovesabe + minulho pest.

Trpn rod se pouv, pokud chcemezdraznit innost a odsunout do pozadinitele dje (osobu i vc, kter innostvykonv). Porovnejte vty v innnma trpnm rod.inn: Theymake CDs in Japan.Trpn: CDs are made in Japan.inn: People usedshells for money.Trpn: Shells were usedfor money.

by pedloka by Pedlokaby se pouv, pokud chceme

zmnit tak initele dje.inn: Baird invented TV in 1924.Trpn: TV was invented by Baird in 1924.

Unit 10 Lekce 10Past perfect Pedminul as

Kladn tvar Zpor

I I

you youhe

dhe

sheseen

shehadnt seen

ithad

itwe weyou youthey they

d = had

viz str. 10

Pedminul as se tvo pomoc tvaru hadnebo hadnta pest minulho.

NEPRAVIDELN SLOVESA



10/13

Irregular verbs Nepravideln slovesa

Infinitive Past simple Past ParticipleInfinitiv Minul as Minul pest

be /bi:/, /bi/ was /wQz/, /w@z/, been /bi:n/, /bIn/ btwere /w3:(r)/, /w@(r)/

become /bI"kVm/ became /bI"keIm/ become /bI"kVm/ stt sebegin /bI"gIn/ began /bI"g&n/ begun /bI"gVn/ zatbite /baIt/ bit /bIt/ bitten /"bItn/ kousatbreak /breIk/ broke /br@Uk/ broken /"br@Ukn/ rozbtbring /brIN/ brought /brO:t/ brought /brO:t/ pinstbuild /bIld/ built /bIlt/ built /bIlt/ stavtburn /b3:n/ burnt, burned /b3:nt/ burnt, burned /b3:nt/ hoet, plitbuy /baI/ bought /bO:t/ bought /bO:t/ koupitcan /k&n/, /k@n/ could /kUd/, /k@d/ been able /bi:n "eIbl/ moci; umtcatch /k&/ caught /kO:t/ caught /kO:t/ chytitchoose /u:z/ chose /@Uz/ chosen /"@Uzn/ vybratcome /kVm/ came /keIm/ come /kVm/ pijt, pijetcost /kQst/ cost /kQst/ cost /kQst/ stt (o cen)

cut /kVt/ cut /kVt/ cut /kVt/ sthatdo /du:/, /du/, /d@/ did /dId/ done /dVn/ dlatdraw /drO:/ drew /dru:/ drawn /drO:n/ kreslitdream /dri:m/ dreamed /dri:md/, dreamed /dri:md/, snt

dreamt /dremt/ dreamt /dremt/drink /drINk/ drank /dr&Nk/ drunk /drVNk/ ptdrive /draIv/ drove /dr@Uv/ driven /"drIvn/ diteat /i:t/ ate /et/, /eIt/ eaten /"i:tn/ jstfall /fO:l/ fell /fel/ fallen /"fO:l@n/ (s)padnoutfeed /fi:d/ fed /fed/ fed /fed/ krmitfeel /fi:l/ felt /felt/ felt /felt/ ctit (se)fight /faIt/ fought /fO:t/ fought /fO:t/ bojovatfind /faInd/ found /faUnd/ found /faUnd/ najtfly /flaI/ flew /flu:/ flown /fl@Un/ ltatforget /f@"get/ forgot /f@"gQt/ forgotten /f@"gQtn/ zapomenoutfreeze /fri:z/ froze /fr@Uz/ frozen /"fr@Uzn/ (z)mrazitget /get/ got /gQt/ got /gQt/ dostatget up /get "Vp/ got up /gQt "Vp/ got up /gQt "Vp/ vstt, zvedat segive /gIv/ gave /geIv/ given /"gIvn/ dtgo /g@U/ went /went/ been, gone /bi:n/, /gQn/ jt; jetgrow /gr@U/ grew /gru:/ grown /gr@Un/ pstovat; rsthave /h&v/ had /h&d/ had /h&d/ mthear /hI@/ heard /h3:d/ heard /h3:d/ slyethide /haId/ hid /hId/ hidden /"hIdn/ schovat (se)hit /hIt/ hit /hIt/ hit /hIt/ udeithold /h@Uld/ held /held/ held /held/ dret, svrathurt /h3:t/ hurt /h3:t/ hurt /h3:t/ (z)ranit

keep/ki:p/

kept/kept/

kept/kept/

dretknow /n@U/ knew /nju:/ known /n@Un/ vdtlearn /l3:n/ learnt /l3:nt/, learnt /l3:nt/, uit se

learned /l3:nd/ learned /l3:nd/leave /li:v/ left /left/ left /left/ odejtlend /lend/ lent /lent/ lent /lent/ pjit, zapjitlet /let/ let /let/ let /let/ nechat, dovolitlose /lu:z/ lost /lQst/ lost /lQst/ ztratitmake /meIk/ made /meId/ made /meId/ (u)dlat



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mean /mi:n/ meant /ment/ meant /ment/ znamenatmeet /mi:t/ met /met/ met /met/ potkatpay /peI/ paid /peId/ paid /peId/ (za)platitput /pUt/ put /pUt/ put /pUt/ dtread /ri:d/ read /red/ read /red/ stride /raId/ rode /r@Ud/ ridden /rIdn/ jet, jezdit (na)ring /rIN/ rang /r&N/ rung /rVN/ zvonitrun /rVn/ ran /r&n/ run /rVn/ betsay /seI/ said /sed/ said /sed/ ct (nco)see /si:/ saw /sO:/ seen /si:n/ vidtsell /sel/ sold /s@Uld/ sold /s@Uld/ prodatsend /send/ sent /sent/ sent /sent/ poslatshine /shaIn/ shone /SQn/ shone /SQn/ svtitshoot /Su:t/ shot /SQt/ shot /SQt/ stlet, zastelitshut /SVt/ shut /SVt/ shut /SVt/ zavt

sing /sIN/ sang /s&N/ sung /sVN/ zpvatsit /sIt/ sat /s&t/ sat /s&t/ sedtsleep /sli:p/ slept /slept/ slept /slept/ sptspeak /spi:k/ spoke /sp@Uk/ spoken /"sp@Uk@n/ mluvitspell /spel/ spelt, spelled /spelt/ spelt, spelled /spelt/ pst, hlskovatspend /spend/ spent /spent/ spent /spent/ strvit, utratitsplit up /splIt "Vp/ split up /splIt "Vp/ split up /splIt "Vp/ rozdlit se, rozejt sestand /st&nd/ stood /stu:d/ stood /stu:d/ sttsteal /sti:l/ stole /st@Ul/ stolen /"st@Ul@n/ (u)krstswim /swIm/ swam /sw&m/ swum /swVm/ plavatswing /swIN/ swung /swVN/ swung /swVN/ houpat se, kvat setake /teIk/ took /tUk/ taken /"teIk@n/ vztteach /ti:/ taught /tO:t/ taught /tO:t/ uittell /tel/ told /t@Uld/ told /t@Uld/ ct (nkomu nco)think /TINk/ thought /TO:t/ thought /TO:t/ mysletthrow /Tr@U/ threw /Tru:/ thrown /Tr@Un/ hodit, hzetunderstand / !Vnd@"st&nd/ understood / !Vnd@"stud/ understood / !Vnd@"stud/ (po)rozumtwake /weIk/ woke /w@Uk/ woken /"w@Uk@n/ vzbudit (se)wear /we@/ wore /wO:/ worn /wO:n/ nositwin /wIn/ won /wVn/ won /wVn/ vyhrtwrite /raIt/ wrote /r@Ut/ written /"rIt@n/ pst


Infinitive Past simple Past ParticipleInfinitiv Minul as Minul pest


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Tvoen krtkch odpovd

Je-li psudkem sloveso to be nebo to have (got) nebo zpsobov sloveso (nap. can), mus bt tvarpslun osoby tohoto slovesa i v krtk odpovdi. Podmt je v odpovdi zastoupen zjmenem:Are you an artist? Yes I am. No, I am not.

Have you got a pet? Yes, I have. No, I havent.Can you swim? Yes, I can. No, I cant.

Je-li soust psudku jin, plnovznamov sloveso, opakuje se v krtk odpovdi pomocnsloveso pslunho asu a v pslun osob. Podmt je v odpovdi zastoupen zjmenem. Pkladyna asy probran v tto uebnici:Do you live near London? Yes, I do. No, I dont. (ptomn as prost)Is Mark learning English? Yes, he is. No, he isnt. (ptomn as prbhov)

Slovosled v anglick vt

Anglick slovosled m na rozdl od eskho pevn pravidla. V esk vt me bt poad vtnch

len rzn mnno, krom shodnho pvlastku, kter vdy stoj ped svm dcm podstatnmjmnem (velk dm). Abychom sestavili srozumitelnou anglickou vtu, musme znt vhodn poadvtnch len.

Zkladn podek slov oznamovac vta

Peter bought a book yesterday.Podmt psudek pedmt (4. pd) psloven uren

Peter bought me a new book yesterday.Podmt psudek pedmt (3. pd) pvlastek pedmt (4. pd) psloven uren

Slovosled v otzce

What do you usually wear?Did John eat the cake yesterday?

Who saw you there?

When Were you at the dentists?

Tzac pomocn sloveso/ podmt frekvenn plnovz. pedmt pslovenvraz plnovznamov pslovce sloveso uren

sloveso

Postaven pdavnch jmen

Pdavn jmna stoj

ped dcm podstatnm jmnem:Robbie Williams is afamoussinger. Robbie Williams je slavn zpvk.(Je-li podstatn jmno rozvito pdavnm jmnem, klademe len ped pdavn jmno)

za psudkem, je-li jm to be:Robbie Williams is famous. Robbie Williams je slavn.



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Postaven pslovc

Psloven uren stoj zpravidla na konci vty:Jenny called yesterday.My father drives slowly.

asov pslovce mohou bt i na zatku vty, nkdy me mt takov slovosled vznamzdraznn asovho daje:This month is my birthday. V tomto msci mm narozeniny.Yesterday I went for a walk. Vera jsem el na prochzku.

Frekvenn pslovce stoj v oznamovac vt mezi podmtem a psudkem:My familynevergoes to the cinema. Moje rodina nikdy nechod do kina.

v otzce a v zporu mezi pomocnm a plnovznamovm slovesem:Do you sometimes visit your grandparents? Navtvuje nkdy sv prarodie?Mary doesnt often eat in a restaurant. Mary nechod asto do restaurace.

Slovnek pojm

Infinitiv neurit slovesn tvar, v anglitin se uvd s stic to: to learn uit se

Sloveso v zkladnm tvaru = zkladn tvar = infinitiv bez to

Pomocn sloveso sloveso bez vlastnho vcnho vznamu, pouv se pro tvoen sloench slovesnchtvar, nap. tvary slovesato dov sloench tvarech ptomnho asu:Do you walk to school? Chod do koly pky?DoesPeter play tennis? Hraje Petr tenis?

Plnovznamov sloveso sloveso, kter nese vcn vznam, vyjaduje konkrtn innost, nap.playv sloench tvarech ptomnho asu:Does Peter play tennis? Hraje Petr tenis?

Zkladn tvar slovesa infinitiv bez to


pre intermediate grammar

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