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Reconstruction

Pre Write MLJ and Unit Org. and Vocab.

Hw

Reconstruction Vocabulary

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Reconstruction SAFARI Montage chap. 1

Review Civil War Guided Reading Activity 17.1

Reconstruction Period

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What was “Reconstruction”?SAFARI Montage chap. 1

The re-building of the Union(and the South in particular)

South was devastated and bitter.

“Good Ol’ Rebel Soldier” (Unreconstructed Rebel)

http://users.civilwarpoetry.org/confederate/songs/rebel.html

•Attempted to give meaning to the freedom that the former slaves had achieved.

2 billion worth today $ 30 billion

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President Lincoln’s Plan

Reconciliation: Forgiveness

SAFARI Montage chap. 210% Plan

* Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (December 8, 1863)

* He didn’t talk to Congress about Reconstruction.

* Pardon to all but the highest ranking military and civilian Confederate officers.

* When 10% of the voting population in the 1860 election had taken an oath of loyalty and established a government, it would be recognized in the union again.

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Wade-Davis Bill Radical Republican Congress’ Plan-Punishment (1864)

Required 50% of the number of 1860 voters to take an “iron clad” oath of allegiance (swearing they had never voluntarily aided the rebellion ).

Former Confederates could not hold public office

Wanted full rights for freedman

For Change!

SenatorBenjamin

Wade(R-OH)

CongressmanHenry

W. Davis(R-MD)

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13th Amendment: No Slavery SAFARI Montage chap 2

Ratified in Jan., 1865.

“Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction”

Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Robert E. Lee Surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse in

Virginia on April 9, 1865

Negotiations would continue until late May.

Jefferson Davis did not want to give up.

Lee: urged Southerners to reconcile and reunite with the North.

Lee later become president of Washington College. Today: Washington and Lee College.

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On April 14, 1865 Abraham Lincoln was shot On April 15th he died

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Reconstruction Policies and Problems

1. Southern military leaders could not hold office

2. Southerners Resented Northerners3. African Americans could hold

public office In 1872 there were 7 African-Americans in Congress

Robert E. Lee

Jefferson Davis

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4. African-Americans gained equal rightswith the Civil Rights Act of 1866…which authorized the use of Federal troops for enforcement.

5. Northern soldiers supervised the South

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Reconstruction Plans for the South

Scream Preview

Re teaching 17.1

Policies and Problems web

What to Scream about!

History Alive Text: Plus and Minus

Scream Processing

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President Andrew JohnsonSAFARI Montage chap. 5

Southern Democrat

Tennessee

Anti-Slavery

Anti-Aristocrat/rich

White Supremacist.

Agreed with Lincolnthat states had neverlegally left the Union.

I am fighting these traitorous aristocrats, their masters!

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President Johnson’s Plan (10%+) Offered amnesty(forgiveness) with simple oath to all

except: Confederate civil and military officers

Rich property owners must go directly to Johnson

State Constitutions, must deny (say no to) slavery, no to secession (leaving union)

EFFECTS?

1. No Vote for certain leading Confederates.

2. Pardoned planter aristocrats brought them back to political power to control state organizations.

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South Reacts: Black Codes SAFARI Montage chap. 8b

Purpose: control daily life of freedman

* Keep them on the plantations for labor

* Only jobs: farmer

* Same old treatment.

Forced many blacks to become sharecroppers[tenant farmers]. Economic Slavery

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Farming experiential Activity

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Congress Breaks with the President

February, 1866 Presidentvetoed the Freedmen’sBureau bill. (Had helped freedmen)

March, 1866 Johnsonvetoed the 1866 Civil Rights Act.

Congress passed both bills over Johnson’s vetoes 1st Over ride in U. S. history!!

Civil Rights Act of 1866

Full citizenship to African Americans, federal gov’t would protect

Overturned Black Codes

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14th AmendmentSAFARI Montage chap. 3

Ratified in July, 1868.

* Provide a constitutional guarantee of the rights and security of freed people.

* All persons born or naturalized in the United States.. Are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside”

Southern states would be punished for denying the right to vote to black citizens!

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Radical Plan for Readmission

New state constitutions had to include 13th, 14th

Amendments

Many Acts are passed to continue reuniting the union.

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Reconstruction Acts of 1867: ended old gov’ts, called for new votes for new ones. This

time freedman could vote

Military Reconstruction Act

* Restart Reconstruction in the 10 Southern states that refused to ratify the 14th Amendment.

* Divide the 10 “unreconstructed states” into 5 military

districts.

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President Johnson’s Impeachment-Kick him out!

He was Democratic and the Radical Republicans wanted him out for not supporting their ideas.

The House impeached him on February 24 before evendrawing up thecharges by a vote of 126 – 47!

11 week trial.

Johnson acquitted 35 to 19

(one short of required 2/3s vote).

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15th Amendment SAFARI Montage chap. 5

Basic Provisions Web and foldable

Ratified in 1870.

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Women’s rights groups were furious that they were not granted the vote!

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The Civil Rights Act of 1875

Made it a Crime for any individual to not let some one use public places and or public transportation.

Lacked strong enforcement

No new civil rights act was attemptedfor 90 years!

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A Political Crisis: The “Compromise” of 1877

Ends Reconstruction

Democrats supported Rutherford B. Hayes’ election as President

and Republicans ended the military occupation

of the South

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ReconstructionResulted In…

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Carpetbaggers and Scalawags

Men from the North that came to the

South after the Civil War to make money from the people of

the South…

a Southerner who helped the Northerners and the

Republican Party after the war.

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Freedman’s Bureau SAFARI Montage chap. 4b

Started schools for former slaves

•Were freed slaves

•They were allowed to farm land by giving most of their harvest to the landowners

Sharecroppers

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Ku Klux Klan: Founded in Pulaski, Tennessee by 6 rebelsSAFARI Montage chap 5a

It was the most powerful secret society in the South…continuing the “Fight”

•They dressed in white robes and hoods that covered their faces

•Their members threatened, beat, and even killed African-Americans

•Burned schools, churches in night raids

•Disrupted elections: 100,ooo more black voters than white

•First “Grand Wizard” or Leader Nathan Bedford Forest

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Segregation – Jim Crow LawsSAFARI Montage chap. 10

Separated African-Americans and whites in public places All passenger stations in this

state operated by any motor

transportation company shall

have separate waiting rooms or

space and separate ticket

windows for the white and

colored races.

The conductor of each

passenger train is authorized

and required to assign each

passenger to the car or the

division of the car, when it is

divided by a partition,

designated for the race to which

such passenger belongs.

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What was the “Jim Crow Era”? The period (late 1800s to

mid-1960s) when the Southern states required racial segregation in public schools, transportation and other public facilities.

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“Jim Crow” laws

institutionalized a system of

legal segregation

“Jim Crow” laws were passed to discriminate against African AmericansAfrican-Americans differed in

their responses to

discrimination and “Jim Crow”

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In which

geographical

area were

Jim Crow

Laws

enforced

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What political rights did African-Americans lose during the “Jim Crow Era”?

The right to vote

The right to serve on juries

Made discrimination practices legal in many communities and states

Were characterized by unequal opportunities in housing…

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Unequal in Work…Education…and Government …

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Racial

Segregation

Plessy vs.

Ferguson:

“Separate but

Equal”SAFARI Montage chap. 5g

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What is

Racial Segregation

The separation of African

Americans and whites in public

places

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Racial Segregation

Based upon raceDirected primarily against African Americans… but other groups also were kept segregated

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Explain or

describe

this

cartoon

American Indians were not considered citizensuntil 1924.

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Racial Segregation violated: The 14th AmendmentAll people born in the U.S. are to

receive equal treatmentunder the law

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Leaders in the fight for Equality:

Fredrick Douglas: http://www.nps.gov/history/museum/exhibits/douglass//

Human Rights fighter. Frederick Douglass would

continue his active involvement to better the lives of African Americans.

He met with Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War and recruited northern blacks for the Union Army.

After the War, he fought for the voting rights of women and African Americans alike.

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DVD Trailblazer’s clip

Booker T. Washington: Believed equality can be achieved through vocational education…Job training.

…and accepted social separation

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SAFARI Montage chap. 2

W.E.B. Du Bois-_IntegrationHe was a writer and educator. Co-Founder of NAACP.

He believed in full political rights… Civil rightsand social rights for African Americans.

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DuBois believe that

this should apply

everywhere not just

voting.

15th Amendment

Ensures all

citizens the right

to vote

regardless of

race or color or

previous

condition of

servitude

Create a Leadership Poster

Booker T. Washington

Believed:

Picture

WEB Dubois

Believed:

Picture

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So what? What is important to understand about this?

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Reconstruction attempted to give meaning to the freedom that the former slaves had achieved.

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How much do you

remember?SAFARI

Montage chap 11

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1. Northerners who supported the Republicans and moved South during Reconstruction were

called…

a. scalawags

b. carpetbaggers

c. freedmen

d. fugitives

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2. The Civil Rights Act of 1866

gave equal rights to …

a. American Indians

b. Spanish Americans

c. French Americans

d. African Americans

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3. Which organization was created after the Civil War to help

former slaves?

a. Red Cross

b. Freedman’s Bureau

c. Republican Party

d. Ku Klux Klan

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4. After the Civil War, freedmen

most likely became…

a. sailors.

b. plantation owners.

c. industrial workers.

d. sharecroppers.

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5. Which of the following was a result of the harsh Reconstruction policies that were applied to the South?

a. African-Americans could not hold public office.

b. Southerners resented northern “carpetbaggers.”

c. Southern military leaders could hold office but could not vote.

d. plantations had to be sold to the highest bidder.

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So what?

What is important to understand

about this?

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After the Civil War, African-Americans still

faced discrimination and segregation and

continued to strive for equality

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Discussion Questions

1. What is racial segregation?

2. How were African Americans

discriminated against?

3. How did African Americans

respond to discrimination and

“Jim Crow”?

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How much

do you

remember? SAFARI Montage chap 8

7min.

Vocabulary: Act.

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1. What was the aim of the Jim Crow

laws?

a. To close African-American colleges such as Tuskegee Institute

b. To make it easier for black sharecroppers to buy land they farmed

c. To provide equal facilities for Americans of all races

d. To segregate black and white Americans

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2. The main purpose of the “Jim

Crow” laws was to…

a. Encourage the growth of black-

owned businesses

b. Encourage boycotts

c. Separate blacks and whites

d. Encourage black and white citizens to

help each other

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3. W.E.B. Du Bois’s response to

discriminatory laws was to believe

in full rights for all African

Americans in all of the following

EXCEPT…

a. Territorial

b. Civil

c. Political

d. Social

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4. “Jim Crow” laws were designed

to discriminate based on…

a. Gender

b. Race

c. Religion

d. Education

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5. The 14th Amendment declared

that…

a. Segregation was legal in the U.S

b. All people born in the United States are to receive equal treatment under the law

c. No citizen should be denied the right to vote because of race or color

d. No citizen should be denied the right to vote because of religion

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6. The 15th Amendment declared

that…

a. Segregation was legal in the U.S

b. All people born in the United States are to receive equal treatment under the law

c. No citizen should be denied the right to vote because of race or color

d. No citizen should be denied the right to vote because of religion