preap biology study of life themes & concepts. preap biology age of earth about 4.5 bya life...
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PreAp Biology
Study of Life
Themes & Concepts
PreAp Biology
Age of Earth
About 4.5 bya Life about 4 bya (Prokaryotes) Photosynthesis about 2.7 bya Organelles about 1.5 bya
(Eukaryotes) About 1bya multicellular organisms
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Properties of lifeorder reproduction
growth & development
response
homeostasis evolutionaryadaptation
energyutilization
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Themes Science as a process of inquiry Evolution Energy transfer Continuity & Change Relationship of structure to function Regulation Interdependence in nature Science, technology & society
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Science as a process of inquiry
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Science as a process of inquiry
repeatable observations & testable hypothesis
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Observations include making measurements Scientists use a variety of tools to gather and
analyze data. Field journals are used to record data. Laboratory glassware and hot plates allow
scientists to set up experiments. Microscopes and hand lenses enhance the
senses. Rulers, balances, timing devices, and electronic
probeware are used to gather quantitative data. Computers are used to to calculate, analyze, and
report data.
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Observations include making measurements
Quantitative data are gathered through measurement, using the modern metric system. Accuracy is a description of how close a
measurement is to the true value of the quantity measured.
Precision is the exactness of a measurement.
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Technology contributes to the progress of science.
A microscope provides an enlarged image of an object.
stoma
– light microscopes (LM)– scanning electron microscopes (SEM)– transmission electron microscopes (TEM)
stomastoma
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functional MRI (fMRI)
– magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• Medical Imaging
– x-ray images
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Complex systems: Computer Models Used to study systems that
cannot be studied directly. heart attacks effect of medicines on the
human body movement of water molecules
into and out of a cell spread of a disease through a
population
Used when experiments are not safe, ethical, or practical.
Normal heartbeat
Heart attack
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The tools of molecular genetics give rise to new biological studies.
A gene is a segment of DNA that stores genetic information.
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We can study genetics on a molecular level.
– molecular genetics
– genomics
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Evolution Core theme of biology
Charles Darwin
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Evolution Natural selection Evolutionary adaptation is a product of
natural selection
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Energy transfer Life is an open system
organisms continuously interact with the environment
stuff comes instuff goes out
energy is used
Entropy rules!
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Energy utilization (fill in blanks)
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Heredity: Continuity & change Continuity of life is based on heritable
information in the form of DNA DNA – the genetic
material – carries biological information from 1 generation to the next
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Form follows function Structure & function are correlated at
all levels of biological organization
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Regulation Regulatory mechanisms ensure a
dynamic balance through feedback
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Ecology: Interdependence No organism is
an island standing alone
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Science, technology & society Science & technology must function within
the framework of society ethics
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Umbrella concepts
Recurring principles & ideas
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Diversity & unity Dual aspects of life on Earth With all of the diversity, what unifies all
of life?
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Unity of life
What do organisms have in common?
Why do similarities exist?
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Evolution explains diversity & unity Unity
pass information to the next generation evolutionary relationships connected through a common ancestory
Diversity natural selection adaptations in
different environments
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Levels of organization
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Cell is basic unit of life Cell theory
developed with early microscopes
prokaryotes eukaryotes
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Diversity of life
What differences are there between organisms?
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Three Domains of LifeBacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
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Organizing systems Making sense out
of the diversity Hierarchical scheme Eg. Taxonomy and Binomial
Nomenclature
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Why study themes of Biology? Biology is an ever expanding body of
knowledge too much to memorize it all need to generalize create a framework upon which to
organize new knowledge themes are fundamental in
understanding the nature of living organisms
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Which science is growing the fastest in new knowledge?
BIOLOGY!!
Dr. Mary Claire King
Genomics & proteomicsprojects are driving research
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Any Questions??