The Third Basic Science International Conference - 2013 i

Preface

All praises are due to Allah, God Almighty, Who made this annual event of successful. The “3rd

Annual Basic Science International Conference (BaSIC-2013)” is an annual scientific event organized by the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University. As a basic science conference, it covered a wide range of topics on basic science: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics and statistics. In 2013, the conference took a theme of “Basic Science Advances in Energy, Health and Environment” as those three aspects of life are hot issues.

The conference in 2013 was the continuation of the preceding conferences initiated in 2011 as the International Conference on Basic Science (ICBS), where it was a transformation from the similar national events the faculty had organized since 2004. What also changed in year 2013 was the use of the ISSN for the conference proceedings book, instead of an ISBN used in previous proceedings books. The change was based on the fact that BaSIC is an annual event, and, therefore, the use of ISSN is more appropriate. The proceedings book was also divided into four books: Physics, Biology, Chemistry and Mathematics, each with a different ISSN. The proceedings were also published in electronic forms that can be accessed from BaSIC website. I am glad that for the first time both types of publication can be realized.

This event is aimed to promote scientific research activities by Indonesian scientists, especially those of Brawijaya University, in a hope that they may interact and build up networks and collaborations with fellow overseas counterparts who participated in the conference. This is in line with university vision as a World Class Entrepreneurial University.

I am grateful to all the members of the program committee who contributed for the success in framing the program. I also thank all the delegates who contributed to the success of this conference by accepting our invitation and submitting articles for presentation in the scientific program. I am also indebted to PT Semen Gresik and PT PLN (Persero) for their support in sponsoring this event.

I wish for all of us a grand success in our scientific life. And I do hope that the coming conferences will pick up similar success, and even better.

Malang, April 2013

Johan Noor, Ph.D.Conference Chairperson

The Third Basic Science International Conference - 2013 ii

Foreword by the Rector of Brawijaya University

First of all I would like to congratulate the Organizing Committee for the success in organizing this amazing event. I believe all dedicated time and efforts will contribute to the advancement of our beloved university.

I would like to welcome all participants, domestic and overseas, especially the distinguished invited speakers, to Malang, to the conference. An international conference is a good means to establish and build relationships and collaborations among participants. So, I hope this conference will facilitate all of you, the academicians and scientists, to setup a network of mutual and beneficial collaboration. As a university with a vision to be “A World Class Entrepreneurial University”, Brawijaya University will support all efforts to realize that dream.

Finally, I do hope that the conference will run smoothly and nicely and is not the last one. I would like to thank all parties who have lent their hands in making this conference happened.

Malang, April 2013

Prof. Dr. Yogi SugitoRector, Brawijaya University

The Third Basic Science International Conference - 2013 iii

Table of Contents

Preface.............................................................................................................................................................. i

Foreword by the Rector of Brawijaya University ........................................................................................... ii

Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................................... iii

Program Committee ....................................................................................................................................... iv

Scientific Program......................................................................................................................................... vii

Scientific Papers

Invited Papers

Cluster Dynamics by Ultra-Fast Shape Recognition Technique.................................................... I01

Nanotechnology Development Strategy for Supporting National Industry in Indonesia .............. I02

Role of Atomic Scale Computational Research in the Nanoscale Materials ................................. I03

Paeonilorin(PF) Strongly Effects Immuno System........................................................................ I04

Investigating Chlamydia trachomatis using mathematical and computational.............................. I05

Recent Trends in Liquid Chromatography for Bioanalysis ........................................................... I06

Submitted Papers

Potential of desiccant cooling system performance in hot and humid climate country................ P03

The Orientation of Levels Thermal Comfort on Space (Case studied: Lauser International Building In The Ground Floor) .................................................................................................................... P05

Application of Induced Polarization to Estimate Saprolite and Limonite Deposits Case Study Kolo Bawah Area, Morowali Regency, Central Sulawesi..................................................................... P07

Simulation Design Of Earthquake On Fault Zone Using Stochastic Model (A Brief Review).... P09

A New Concept Water Saturation Estimation Based on Vertical Seismic Profiling Data ........... P10

Analysis of Pumice Thickness Layers As a Result of Rinjani Volcano Eruption in Lombok Island Based on Resistivity Data ............................................................................................................. P12

The Third Basic Science International Conference - 2013 iv

Investigation of Subsurface Structure With Integrated Geophysical Methods in Sedau, Lombok Barat to Determined a Landslide Risk .......................................................................................... P13

Instrument Corrections for Broadband and Short-period Seimometers (Case Study: Japan's Earthquake September 5th 2004) .................................................................................................. P14

Iron rock positioning determination, using the geomagnetic method, in the Mount Lawang, Aceh, Indonesia ....................................................................................................................................... P15

Shoreline Changes and Seismic Vulnerability Index in The Earthquake Prone Areas (The Case of Coastal North Bengkulu, Bengkulu Province-Indonesia)............................................................. P16

Array Technique Application to Determine Direction of Rupture of Tohoku's Earthquake, March 11th 2011....................................................................................................................................... P17

Installing Surface Microseismic Monitoring in Mt. Lamongan Geothermal Area (MLGA), East Java, Indonesia .............................................................................................................................. P18

Magnetic Survey within Penantian Geothermal Area in Pasema Air Keruh, South Sumatra ...... P20

Application of Biot -Gassman Substitution methodin Generating Synthetic of S-Wave Sonic Log for Simultaneous AVO Inversion ................................................................................................. P26

Detection of low velocity zone using receiver function analysis from CJ1 station ...................... P27

Analysis of The 3D Geothermal Reservoir Model from Anomaly Magnetic Data Using Mag3d (Case Study: Rajabasa Geothermal field, Lampung Province, Indonesia) ................................... P28

Development of Information Systems to Semeru Volcano Activity using SMS : In Study........ P29

Prediction Pattern Around Ground Water Depth TPA Supit Urang (Landfill) Using Geoelectric Resistivity soundings Method....................................................................................................... P30

CORRECTING THE PULL-UP EFFECT IN SEISMIC DATA USING PRE STACK DEPTH MIGRATION METHOD ............................................................................................................. P32

Geomagnetic Data Interpretation of Mount Ungaran Geothermal Using Pseudogravity Transform for Determining Heat Source Rocks ............................................................................................. P33

Analysis of seismic activity 1973-2012 in the volcanic arc system of West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) to examine the Rinjani VolcanoActivity ...................................................................................... P35

Detection of seepage patterns direction in the Bajulmati Dam, Banyuwangi, Indonesia using geoelectrical method, Schlumberger and dipole dipole configuration.......................................... P37

Comparison of Ammonia Yield using Nanocatalyst MnZnFeO and MnZnFeO at Ambient Environment ................................................................................................................................. P38

The Third Basic Science International Conference - 2013 v

NITRIDING BEHAVIOR OF AISI 316 L in high density PLASMA NITRIDING .................. P39

The effect of deposited ZnPc islands in ZnPc/Polystyrene/Quartz Crystal oscillator stack for QCM based biosensor ............................................................................................................................. P40

INFLUENCE OF THE WAVEFORM and DC OFFSET on THE ASYMMETRIC HYSTERESIS LOOP in Au/PZT/Pt/ Al2O3/ SiO2/Si THIN FILMS PREPARED by MOCVD METHOD ...... P41

Reactive Mixing In Stirred Tanks Under Different Kinds Of Perturbations (April 2013) ........... P42

Potential Benefits of Hypofractionation scheme to Improve Radiotherapeutic Ratio for lung cancer treatment (April 2012)................................................................................................................... P44

Comparison between general purpose crystal resonator and TCXO as reference frequency for frequency counter.......................................................................................................................... P45

Treatment Strategy for Dynamic Organs in Radiation Oncology................................................. P46

The Relation of Temperature to PM2.5 Production from Wood Burn ......................................... P49

Effect of Purification of Carbon From Coconut Shell pyrolisis With Acid Reaction Method in HCl 1 M Solution.................................................................................................................................. P50

A Preliminary Application of Fuzzy Logic to Classify Volcanic Earthquakes and Tremors Recorded at Semeru Volcano, East Java, Indonesia ..................................................................... P51

Development of Instrumentation System for Heavy-Load Measurement Based on Piezoelectric Sensor............................................................................................................................................ P52

Acknowledgement.......................................................................................................................................Ack

The Third Basic Science International Conference - 2013 vi

Program Committee

PatronsRector, Universitas BrawijayaDean, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya

Advisory BoardsAssociate Deans 1, 2 and 3, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya

ChairpersonJohan A.E. Noor, Ph.D.

Deputy-ChairDr. Suharjono

SecretaryAgus Naba, Ph.D.

TreasurersMrs. Sri PurworiniMrs. Rustika AdiningrumMr. Surakhman

Secretariat & RegistrationDr. Masrurohdr. KushartoMr. Sugeng RiantoMr. Gancang Saroja

Conference WebAgus Naba, Ph.D.

Publication & ProceedingsArinto Y.P. Wardoyo, Ph.D.Mr. Wasis

Public Relations & SponsorshipChomsin S. Widodo, Ph.D.Mr. Moch. DjamilMrs. Firdy Yuana

VenueMr. Ahmad HidayatDr. Ahmad NadhirMr. SunariyadiMr. PurnomoMr. Karyadi Eka Putra

Accommodation & HospitalityMs. Siti J. IswarinMrs. Lailatin Nuriyah

The Third Basic Science International Conference - 2013 vii

Mrs. Nur AzizahMr. Robi A. IndrajitMrs. Trivira Meirany

Master of CeremonyHimafis

Transportation, Excursion & Social EventsDjoko Santjojo, Ph.D.Dr. Sukir MaryantoMr. WahyudiMrs. Arnawati

Workshop, Poster & Scientific ExhibitionsHari Arief Dharmawan, Ph.D.Mr. Pudji SantosoMr. SahriMr. Murti Adi Widodo

DocumentationMauludi A. Pamungkas, Ph.D.Mr. Susilo Purwanto

General SupportsHimafis

Scientific ProgramDr. rer.nat. M. Nurhuda Dr. SunaryoMr. Agus Prasmono

Local Scientific Committees (Reviewers & Editors)PhysicsDr. rer.nat. AbdurroufAdi Susilo, Ph.D.Mr. Unggul P. JuswonoDr.-Ing. Setyawan P. Sakti

BiologyDr. Moch. Sasmito DjatiDr. Muhaimin RifaiDr. Catur Retnaningdyah

ChemistryDr. MasruriDr. Ahmad Sabarudin Dr. Lukman Hakim

MathematicsDr. Agus SuryantoDr. Wuryansari M.K.Dr. Rahma FitrianiDr. Solimun

The Third Basic Science International Conference - 2013 viii

International Scientific Committee and EditorsA/Prof. Lilibeth dlC. Coo, University of the Philippines, the PhilippinesProf. Dr. Gereon Elbers, FH Aachen, GermanyProf. S.K. Lai, National Central University, TaiwanProf. Kwang-Ryeol Lee, Korean Institute of Science and Technology, KoreaA/Prof. Dann Mallet, Queensland University of Technology, AustraliaProf. Lidia Morawska, Queensland University of Technology, AustraliaProf.Dr. Petr Solich, Charles University, Czech RepublicDr. Michitaka Suzuki, Nagoya University, JapanProf. Hideo Tsuboi, Nagoya University, JapanProf. Jia-Lin Wang, National Central University, Taiwan

The Third Basic Science International Conference - 2013 P26-1

Abstract— Simultaneous AVO inversion is novel method in reservoir characterization. The

method will produce several physical properties of reservoir such as P-wave Impedance, S-wave Impedance, density, Vp/Vs ratio, Lamda-rho and mu-rho. These physical properties could be used to estimate the type and content of reservoir lithology. Simultaneous AVO inversion needs P-wave sonic log, S-wave sonic log and density as input. S-Wave sonic logs are rarely available due to the expensive cost of data acquisition. We generate synthetic S-wave sonic log by mean Biot-Gassman Substitution method instead of the Castagna or Mudrock line method and compare the results with the original S-wave sonic log. We use the synthetic S-wave sonic log, P-wave sonic log and density log to create the initial model for simultaneous AVO (Amplitude versus offset) inversion. This initial model together with the seismic wavelets which are extracted from 3D seismic data statistically to perform simultaneous AVO inversion that will produce physical property like P-wave Impedance, S-wave Impedance, density and Vp/Vs ratio in a 3D cube.

Index Terms— Simultaneous AVO Inversion, Biot-Gassman substitution, S-wave sonic, P-wave sonic, Vp/Vs ratio

I. INTRODUCTION

The objectives of this papers are to conduct S-wave estimation by mean Biot-Gassman substitution method for running simultaneous AVO inversion of pre-stack seismic data in order to estimate the elastic parameters of the rock, which will derive pseudo density (Rho/Dn), P-wave ervelocity (VP), S-wave velocity (VS), acoustic impedance (ZP), shear impedance (ZS), and VP/VS ratio volume. Rock properties of reservoir could be derived from these elastic parameters.

II. TEORI

P-wave and S-wave Velocity TheoryThere are two types of waves that are of great interest to us when analyzing seismic data,

i.e. the compressional wave or P-wave, and the transverse wave or S-wave. Unlike density, seismic velocity involves the deformation of a rock as a function of time. As shown in Figure II.4, a cube of rock can be compressed, which changes its volume and shape or can be sheared, which changes its shape but not its volume.

Fig. 1. A rock may be deformed by compression and shear wave

The simplest forms of the P and S-wave velocities are derived for non-porous, isotropic rocks. These are the equations for velocity written using the Lamé coefficients:

2

PV and

SV (1)

Where, = the first Lamé constant, = the second Lamé constant, = density.

Poisson’s Ratio and Vp/VsAnother important parameter is the Poisson's Ratio. A change in this ratio can indicate a

change in the pore fluid. Poisson's Ratio can be defined in terms of P and S wave velocities:Another important parameter is the Poisson's Ratio. A change in this ratio can indicate a change in the pore fluid. Poisson's Ratio can be defined in terms of P and S wave velocities:

22

22 2

2

1

SP

SP

VV

VV

(2)

but it can also be given in terms of the square of VP to VS ratio:

12

2

(3)

and 12

222

S

P

V

V (4)

Note that there are several values of Poisson’s ratio and S

P

V

Vratio that are important to

remember.

If S

P

V

V= √2, then = 0

If S

P

V

V= 1.5, then = 0.1(Gas Case)

Sudarmaji, B.E. Nurcahya and Sismanto are with Lab. Geofisika, Jurusan Fisika FMIPA, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara Po. Box Bls 21 Yogyakarta 55281, Fax: +62-0274-545185, Telp: +62-0274-522214 (E-mail:ajisaroji@yahoo.com; budiekanurcahya@yahoo.com; sismanto@ugm.ac.id

If S

P

V

V= 2, then = 1/3 (Wet Case)

If S

P

V

V= ∞, then = 0.5(VS= 0)

Castagna's RelationshipCastagna et al (1985) derived simple empirical relationship between P-wave and S-wave

velocity, which can be written:

136016.1 SP VV m/s (5)

This is simply that the equation is a straight line, so VP and VS are linearly related. This line is also legendary called as the Mudrock Line

The Biot-Gassmann EquationsThe basic use of the Biot-Gassmann equations is to “substitute” or replace the fluids

in a set of target layers with another set of fluids. Independently, Gassmann (1951) and Biot (1956), developed a more complete theory

of wave propagation in fluid saturated rocks, by deriving expressions for the saturated bulk and shear moduli, and substituting into the regular equations for P and S-wave velocity:

sat

satsat

satP

KV

3

4

_

sat

satsatSV

_ (6)

Note that sat is found using the volume average equation described earlier

Pre-stack Simultaneous AVO Inversion.The purpose of simultaneous AVO inversion is to invert pre-stack CDP gathers

(PP and optionally PS angle gathers) to obtain reliable estimates of compression impedance

( PZ ), Shear impedance ( SZ ), and density ( ) from which to predict the fluid and

lithology properties of the subsurface of the earth.Post-stack inversion ignores the fact that, in wet clastic rocks, ZP and ZS should

be related. VP and VS should be linearly related (as shown from Castagna's equation) when there are no complicated factors, such as the presence of hydrocarbons. Also, density should relate to VP through some form of Gardner's equation.

Therefore, simultaneous (or joint) inversion would include some form of coupling between the variables. This should add stability to a problem that is sensitive to noise and usually produces non-unique solutions, so simultaneous inversion solves the Fatti’s equation.

The Aki-Richards equation (Russell, 2005) is a linearized version of the Zoeppritz equations. The Aki-Richards equation was re-expressed by Fatti (1994) as:

DSPPP rcrcrcr 321 (7)

where, 21 tan1c ; 2

2

2 tan8

P

S

V

Vc 2

2

23 sin2tan5.0

P

S

V

Vc

III. METHOD

Workflow of S-wave velocity estimation using Biot-Gassman Substitution could be seen in figure 2. Input for this process are petrophysics data log, such as: density, P-wavevelocity, porosity, water saturation and the composite of hydrocarbon in the reservoir. Some rock physic parameters, such as: balk or shear modulus of oil, gas and water could be determined based empirical data from previous study. Final product of this work are estimated S-wave velocity.

Figure 3. show the S-wave velocity comparison among original S-wave velocity, S-wave velocity estimated using Castagna and Biot-Gassman method. S-wave velocity estimated Biot-Gassman method have more similar shape with original S-wave velocitythan S-wave velocity estimated using Castagna method.

Fig. 2. Workflow of S-wave velocity estimation using Biot-Gassman Substitution

Application of Biot-Gassman Substitution Method in Generating Synthetic of S-Wave Sonic Log for

Simultaneous AVO Inversion

Sudarmaji, Budi Eka Nurcahya and Sismanto

The Third Basic Science International Conference - 2013 P26-2

Fig. 3. S-wave velocity comparison among original S-wave velocity , S-wave velocity estimated using Castagna and Biot-Gassman method

From estimated S-wave velocity and P-wave velocity, P-Impedance PZ and S-

Impedance )( SZ could be could be calculated with multiplying velocity of P-wave ( PV )

and S-wave ( SV ) with density ( ). The value of S

P

VV

could estimated from estimated S-

wave and P-wave velocity too.It is needed to make cross-plot analysis or sensitivity analysis in order to correlate

between elastic parameters log that have been generated with Gamma ray log as sand-shale

indicator. Figure 4 show Cross-plot PV vs SV log as function Gamma Ray log certain

depth interval around gas reservoir. Rocks that composited by sand, shale, coal, sand saturated with gas from different reservoir could be seen from the cross plot. Therefore,

sand reservoir saturated with gas could be delineated with certain value of PV vs SV .

Fig. 4. Cross plot PV vs SV as function Gamma Ray from certain depth interval around gas reservoir

IV. SIMULTANEOUS AVO INVERSION

The final product of simultaneous AVO inversion is to invert pre-stack CDP gathers (PP

and optionally PS angle gathers) to obtain reliable estimates of P-wave velocity ( PV ) and

S-wave velocity ( SV ) and ratio of S

P

VV

from which to predict the fluid and lithology

properties of the subsurface of the earth.Figure 5 to figure 7 show map of P-wave velocity ( PV ) , map of S-wave velocity (

SV ) and map of ratio S

P

VV

which are extracted form cube of P-wave velocity, S-wave

velocity and ratio S

P

VV

as output of simultaneous AVO inversion. The inversion used

estimated S-wave velocity from the Biot-Gassman substitution method. Good sand reservoir of hydrocarbon saturated with gas are shown by middle value of P-wave and S-

wave velocity and low value of ratio S

P

VV

. The reservoir sand saturated with gas have value

of P-wave velocity around 2300 m/s - 3600 m/s, S-wave velocity around 1800ms - 2800

ms and ratio S

P

VV

around 1.35 – 1.6.

Fig. 5. Map of P-wave velocity ( PV )overlaid with time structure from certain layer that contains gas reservoir

Fig. 6. Map of S-wave velocity ( SV ) overlaid with time structure from certain layer that contains gas reservoir

Fig. 7. Map of ratio

S

P

VV

overlaid with time structure from certain layer that contains gas reservoir

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We would like to say thanks to Geophysics Laboratory of Gadjah Mada University with their support of hardware, software and data so this research could be conducted.

REFERENCES

[1] B. H. Russell, et al., “Joint simultaneous inversion of PP and PS angle gathers”, CREWES Research Report, Volume 17, 2005.

[2] C.H.P.Veeken, Seismic Stratighraphy, Basin analysis and Reservoir Characterization, Amsterdam: Elsevier,2007.

[3] D.P.Hampson, B.H. Russell, and B. Bankhead, “Simultaneous inversion of pre-stack seismic data”, Ann. Mtg. Abstracts, SEG2005, p. 1633-1637

[4] G.P. Allen and J.L.C. Chambers, “Sedimentation in the Modern and Miocene Mahakam Delta”, Indonesian Petroleum Association, 1998.

[5] G.Mavko , et al,” Fluid substitution: Estimating changes in VP without knowing VS”, Geophysics, Nov-Dec. 1995,

[6] J.P.Castagna, M.L. Batzle, and R.L.Eastwood, ” Relationship between compressional-wave and shear-wave velocities in clastic silicate rocks”, Geophysics, Vol. 50, 1985,p. 571-581.

[7] Per Avseth, et al, “Quantitative Seismic Interpretation”, Cambridge University Press, 2005P.F. Anderson and L.R. Lines, “A comparison of inversion techniques for estimating Vp/Vs

from 3D seismic data”, CREWES Research Report - Volume 20, 2008.[8] R.T.Shuey,” A Simplification of The Zoeppritz Equations”, Geophisycs 50, 1985,p.

609-614.[9] S.Rutherford, and R.William, , Amplitude versus offset variation in gas sands,

Geophysics 54, 1989, p. 680-688.[10] W.J.Ostrander, “Plane-Wave Reflection Coefficients for Gas Sands at Non Normal

Angles of Incidence”, Geophysics 49, 1984, p.1637-1648.

.

Reservoir 1

Reservoir 2

Reservoir 1 :Vp : 2900 m/s – 3300 m/sVs : 1800 m/s – 2200 m/s

Reservoir 2:Vp : 2300 m/s – 3600 m/sVs : 2100 m/s – 2500 m/s

Sand

Shale

Coal

P-wave vs S-wave Crossplot