prehistory unit 8
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PREHISTORY UNIT 8. BEFORE STARTING… A BIT OF ORDER IN OUR PAST… LET´S START BY TIMELINES…. Timelines ???. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
PREHISTORY UNIT 8
BEFORE STARTING…
A BIT OF ORDER IN OUR
PAST…
LET´S START BY TIMELINES…
Timelines???A representation or exhibit of key events within a particular
historical period, often consisting of illustrative visual
material accompanied by written commentary, arranged chronologically
LEARN ABOUT HUMAN EVOLUTION
IN THIS UNIT,
YOU WILL
IDENTIFY THE PERIODS OF PREHISTORY AND STUDY THEIR
CHARACTERISTICS
LEARN WHEN HUMANS BEGAN TO USE METALS
WORK OUT HISTORICAL PERIODS AND DATES
USE INTERNET SOURCES ON PREHISTORY IN SPAIN
PREHISTORY INCLUDES THE STUDY OF HOMINIDS, THE EARLY
PRIMATES
PREHISTORY IS THE EARLIEST, AND
LONGEST, PERIOD OF HISTORY. IT
COVERS ALL HUMAN HISTORY UNTIL
WRITING WAS INVENTED, ABOUT
5000 YEARS AGO
DEFINITION
PREHISTORY
AS THERE ARE NO WRITTEN
RECORDS FOR THIS PERIOD WE
EXAMINE REMAINS LIKE BONES,
TOOLS OF CAVE PAINTIGS
THE PROCESS BY WHICH HUMAN
BEINGS ACQUIRED THEIR PRESENT
CHARACTERISTICS DURING THEIR
SLOW EVOLUTION OVER A LONG
PERIOD OF TIME
HOMINISATIONIS
AS HOMINIDS LEARNED TO WALK UPRIGHT ON TWO LEGS, THEIR
HANDS BECAME FREE TO USE TOOLS
AFTER HOMINIDS DISCOVERED FIRE,
THEY LEARN TO COOK. CONSEQUENTLY,
THEY ATE SOFTER FOOD, AND THEIR
JAWBONES AND TEETH BECAME
SMALLER
THE SKULLS OF HOMINIDS GREW BIGGER AND THEIR BRAIN SIZE ALSO INCREASED. THIS HELPED THEM TO
THINK CREATIVELY, TO ACQUIRE LANGUAGE AND TO COMMUNICATE
The first hominidswere found In Africa SCIENTISTS BELIEVE THAT THE
ANCESTORS OF ALL HUMAN
BEINGS ORIGINALLY LIVED IN
AFRICA
Fossil remains of the earliest hominids were
found in several sites in the Rift Valley in East Africa.
Some hominids lived in Africa more than 4 million years
ago.
Later, there were several waves of migration from
Africa into Europe and Asia. The
remains of Homo
antecesor found at Atapuerca
(Burgos) are the oldest on the
Iberian Peninsula
Hominids first appeared in East Africa and from there they colonised the rest of the planet. During the process they evolved into human beings we see todayEVOLUCIÓN DEL SER
HUMANO 4:53
The Paleolithic agedefinition THE PALEOLITHIC AGE (or “old
stone” lasted from 2,50 million
years ago to about 10.000 years
ago I am the Homo
Habilis, Who are you?
There were very cold periods when many parts of the Earth were covered in ice, but there were also milder periods.
ARE WE IN THE
RIGHT PLACE????
Homo habilis, Spanish , 10´
LIFESTYLE IN THE PALEOLITHIC AGEEarly humans learned
to adapt to the
changes in their
natural environmentAnd I am the Homo
Erectus, the one who invented the
fire, do you remember how
much improvement did we get with this
invention…?
Early humans hunted, fished and gathered fruit
They were nomads who moved around in groups to
find food.
They lived in simple shelters and sometimes in caves
They made stone tools
BELIEFS AND ARTEarly humans buried
dead people with
funeral objects. This
shows that they had
religious beliefs.
I am the Homo antecessor from
Atapuerca (Burgos, Spain) I am a direct
ancestor of the Homo Sapiens and Homo Neanderthal
They also made statues of women. These were so
exaggerated that is believed they were probably fertility
symbols
It is possible that they believed that painting was
magical and led to successful hunting
They practised rituals to protect themselves against
natural dangers like lightning They painted animals on
caves using natural materials like coal, blood and plants
HOMO
HEILDERBENGENSIS
HOMO NEANDERTHALENSIS
HOMO SAPIENS
LINK BETWEEN H. ANTECESSOR AND H. NEANDERTHALENSIS
IT WAS EXTINCTED
ONCE H. SAPIENS
EXTENDED BIG BRAIN 1700 CC
HOMANISATIONLAST CHAPTER
THE NEOLITHIC AGETHE NEOLITHIC AGE –OR
NEW STONE- BEGAN ABOUT
8000BC, AND LASTED UNTIL
4000BC
AT THE BEGINNING OF THIS PERIOD, THE EARTH´S CLIMATE BECAME WARMER. THE ICE THAT COVERED PARTS OF THE EARTHS´S SURFACE MELTED, SO PEOPLE LIVED IN NEW TYPES OF LANDSCAPES. THIS LED TO MANY CHANGES
PEOPLE STARTED CULTIVATING PLANTS, AND
DEVELOPED AGRICULTURE. THEY DOMESTICATED
ANIMALS.
THEY COULD NOW USE LIVESTOCK TO HAVE MEAT, MILK AND LEATHER WHEN THEY WANTED
POTTERY WAS INVENTED. THEY COULD NOW USE
POTS TO TRANSPORT FOOD AND WATER.
TEXTILES AND BASKETS WERE INVENTED
PEOPLE MADE MUCH BETTER TOOLS, LIKE
PLOUGHS AND WEAPONS, LIKE AXES
ALL THESE CHANGES TOGETHER WERE SO
IMPORTANT THAT WE CALL THIS PERIOD THE
NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION
THE LIFE STYLE IN THE NEOLITHIC AGETHE NEOLITHIC
REVOLUTION CAUSED
MANY CHANGES IN
PEOPLES´ LIVES
PEOPLE DID NOT NEED TO MOVE AROUND TO
FIND FOOD BECAUSE THEY NOW HAD LIVESTOCK
AND AGRICULTURE. THEY THEREFORE BECAME… WHAT DID THEY BECOME?
YES, THEY BECAME… SEDENTARY
POPULATION INCREASED BECAUSE PEOPLE ATE BETTER FOOD
SOCIETY BECAME MORE COMPLEX. SOME PEOPLE
WORK AS ARTISANS, AND OTHERS WORKED IN
AGRICULTURE
WHEN SETTLEMENTS PRODUCED MORE THAN THEY NEEDED, THEY EXCHANGED PRODUCTS
WITH OTHER SETTLEMENTS. THIS IS THE BEGINNING OF TRADE IT WAS CALLED
BARTER
BUT, WHAT IS BARTER?
BARTER:
To trade goods or services
without the exchange of money
SPECIALISATION APPEARS. THE CRAFTSMEN MADE TOOLS AND WEAPONS. THE FARMERS CULTIVATED THE FIELDS AND ROSE THE LIVESTOCK
TASK IN GROUPS: DISCUSS FOR SOME MINUTES SOME OF THOSE CHANGES...
GROUP WORK:HOW MANY DIFFERENT
ACTIVITIES CAN YOU IDENTIFY -OR GUESS-
THEY ARE DOING?
NEOLITHIC CULTURENEOLITHIC CULTURE
DEVELOPED IN DIFFERENT
PLACES, ESPECIALLY
WHERE WERE GREAT
RIVERS PLAINS
THE METAL AGES
FROM 4000 BC, PEOPLE
IN THE MIDDLE EAST
BEGAN TO MAKE METAL
OBJECTS. WEAPONS
COOPER AGE(4000 BC)
BRONZE AGE(3000 BC)
IRON AGE (1000 BC)
THEY USED FIRE TO HEAT METAL AND TURN
IT INTO TOOLS AN WEAPONS
THESE PERIODS DID NOT BEGIN AT THE SAME TIME IN ALL PARTS OF
THE WORLD
METAL WORKING WAS COMPLEX, SO WORKERS BECAME MORE SPECIALISED
THE METAL AGES
THE USE OF THE METAL
LED TO IMPORTANT
CHANGES
METAL TOOLS, SUCH AS THE PLOUGH, IMPROVED TECHNIQUES IN AGRICULTURE
PEOPLE WHO HAD METAL WEAPONS, LIKE SWORDS AND SPEARS, ACQUIRED GREATER
POWER.
SETTLEMENTS NEEDED WALLS FOR PROTECTION
INCREASED TRADE, AND THE INVENTION OF MONEY, LED TO GREATER SOCIAL
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE RICH AND POOR
LIFE STYLE IN THE METAL AGES
MENHIRS WERE SINGLE, STANDING STONES. THEY WERE OFTEN ALIGNED IN LONG LINES
DOLMENS WERE GROUPS OF VERTICAL STONES COVERED BY LARGE HORIZONTAL STONES. THE SPACE INSIDE WAS USED FOR BURIALS
CROMLECHS WERE GROUPS OF MENHIRS DISPLAYED IN CIRCLES
BELIEFS AND ART DURING THE METAL
AGES
THESE ENORMOUS STONE CONSTRUCTIONS
WERE KNOWN AS MEGALITHIC
MONUMENTS. THEY WERE RELIGIOUS SITES
AND TOMBS
ANY QUESTIONS?