prescription footwear for obese

Prescription footwear for obeseSubmitted byR.H.Ramanan Reg:no.200541707Footwear Science And Engineering

Guided by

Mr.S.Mathivanan Dr.B.N.Das Scientist,SDDC Scientist CLRI Head of the DepartmentSDDC,CLRI

OBESITY

People possess excess of body weight compared to standards and have high proportions of body fat are classified as obese

Obesity population According to American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS), one

quarter of population in US are observed as obese

In UK , half of women and two thirds of men of the total population are obese

According to the survey conducted by All India Institute of Medical

Science, in India it was found that 34% of men & 40.3% of women were overweight & obese

It is estimated that there are more than 300 million obese people world wide

Examples of the prevalence of obesity in adults throughout the world

Projected prevalence of obesity in adults by 2025

Causes of obesity

The following factors play major role in the development of obesity

1. Genetic 2. Environmental3. Psychological4. Other factors

Measurement of obesity

Obesity can be quantified by BMI BMI can be calculated by

BMI= Weight (in kgs) /{ Height (in m) x Height (in m) }

if BMI is (< 18.5) -underweight If BMI is (18.5-24.9)-normalweight If BMI is (25-29.9)-overweight If BMI is (30-39.9)-obese

Characteristics of obese gait

When compared to normal weight individuals, the obese people have reported

Slower walking speed Reduction in step length Reduction in step frequency Longer stance phase duration(3%) Shorter swing phase(5%) Greater period of double support Large step width

to maintain dynamic balance

Source: obesity review /The international association for the study of obesity

Ground reaction force and plantar pressure generated in obese gait

It is observed that peak pressure were 40-45% higher in obese subjects during stance for BMI-36.0(men)&BMI-38.0(WOMEN)

Gait Analysis: Techniques and Recognition of Abnormal GaitApril 30, 2007

Force PlatformThe reaction force produced by the ground is called the Ground Reaction Force (GRF), which is basically the reaction to the force the body exerts on the ground.

Kinetics


Use Inverse Dynamics to compute Joint Forces, Joint Torques (Moments) and Joint Power.

Kinetics


• Vertical GRF

• Muscular Forces

• Reaction force from external moment

Knee Loading

-time interval or sequence of motionsoccurring between two consecutive initialcontacts of the same foot;

Number of steps per minute.WALKING SPEED is the distance covered over a period of time. slow70m./minMedium 95/minFast 120m/min

objective

The main objective of the project is to develop prescription footwear for obese foot complications in order to provide better comfort, fit and support for the users.

Plan of work

Identify the obese people for study

Measurements of foot of obese (proportional measurement, plantar surface of foot)

Experimental work on construction of footwear for obese

The materials of varying densities would be identified for midsole (pressure distribution)

The chosen material would undergo compressibility and resilience test and its relationship with bodyweight of obese for its suitability in developing comfortable footwear would be critically examined

Identification of material for reinforcement of counters

Design and development of side and heel counters Design of bottom sole (for stability) Fabrication of prescription footwear

BMI AND FOOT MEASUREMENT OF OBESE AND NON OBESE

TABLE 2

PRESSURE STUDY OF PATIENT 1 WITH BMI 24.48(madhani)Left heel and Left metatarsals

Right heel and right metatarsals

PRESSURE STUDY OF PATIENT 2 WITH BMI 38.42(Thiruganam)Left heel and left metatarsals

Pressure study of patient 3 with BMI 36.93(lingam)Left heel and left metatarsals

Pressure study of patient 4 with BMI 41.03(krishnan) Left heel and left metatarsals

Right heel right metatarsals

TABLE 3

Formula to calculate Density:

Mass Density= ----------------

Volume

. Formula to calculate cushioning factor:

Graph area x planimeter area Walking energy= ---------------------------------------

Measurable area

Thickness x force applied Cushioning factor = --------------------------------------

Walking energy

Formula to calculate the compression set (%):

Initial thickness-final thicknessCompression set = -------------------------------------------- x 100 Initial thickness

TESTING RESULT OF MATERIALS

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF CUSHIONING FACTOR OF IDENTIFIED SAMPLES:

CUSHIONING FACTOR

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

500N 750N 1000N 1300N

MCR 1MCR 2EVA 1EVA 2EVA 3EVA 4EVA 5EVA 6MCP 1MCP 2PU

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF COMPRESSION SET PERCENTAGE OF IDENTIFIED SAMPLES:

COMPRESSION SET PERCENTAGE

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

500N 750N 1000N 1300N

MCR1MCR2EVA1EVA2EVA3EVA4EVA5EVA6MCP1MCP2PU

SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THE FABRICATION OF FOOTWEAR

Upper: Upper material-soft cow upper black colourLining material-soft cow lining

Mid sole: EVAThickness:Density: 0.141 g/ccHardness: 32-40 shore A

Out sole: TPRThickness:Density:Hardness: 60 shore A

Insole: Fiber board

DESIGN OF FOOTWEAR TO IMPROVE POSTURAL STABILITY FOR OBESE

Heel height Midsole cushioning. Slip resistance of footwear outsole Heel-collar height. Midsole flaring. Extended counter stiffeners

Heel height:

Midsole cushioning:

Slip resistance if footwear outer soles:

Heel-collar height:

Midsole flaring:

Extended counters

FLOW CHART FOR CONSTRUCTION OF FOOTWEAR:

THANK YOU

prescription footwear for obese

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