present perfect continuous
DESCRIPTION
Period to the present and recent past in the Present Perfect ContinuousTRANSCRIPT
Present Perfect Continuous
form
He has been drinking.
He has been drinking.
1 2 3
He has been drinking.
1. ‘to have’auxiliary
in present:have / has
He has been drinking.
2. ‘to be’auxiliary
past participle:been
He has been drinking.
3. main verbpresent participle:
—ing
period to the present
It’s been raining for 3 hours.
It’s been raining for 3 hours.
It started raining 3 hours ago
It’s been raining for 3 hours.
It started raining 3 hours agoand it’s still raining now
this is the same concept as the Present Perfect Simple
I live in Rome (present duration)
I live in Rome (present duration)+ for 22 years (period)
I live in Rome (present duration)+ for 22 years (period) = I’ve lived in Rome for 20 years (present perfect)
It’s raining (present duration)
It’s raining (present duration)+ for 3 hours (period)
It’s raining (present duration)+ for 3 hours (period) = It’s been raining for 3 hours (present perfect continuous)
the Present Perfect Simple describes longer,more permanent
periods
the Present Perfect Continuousdescribes shorter,more temporary
periods
Present Perfect Simplevs.
Present Perfect Continuous
1. state verbs
I know her.
I know her.-- how long --
I know her.+ only 5 minutes
I know her.or
I know her.+ 15 years
I’ve only known herfor 5 minutes.
or
I’ve known herfor 15 years.
I’ve only known herfor 5 minutes.
short temporary
period
I’ve known herfor 15 years.
long permanent
period
I’ve (only) known herfor 5 minutes / 15 years.
short or long periodthe tense is simple
I’ve (only) known herfor 5 minutes / 15 years.
short or long periodthe tense is simple
because ‘know’ is a state verb
I’ve only known herfor 5 minutes.
state verbs never used in continuous
tenses
2. long period
She works at IBM.
She works at IBM.-- how long --
She works at IBM.+ 10 years
She’s worked at IBMfor 10 years.
She’s worked at IBMfor 10 years.
longpermanent
period
She’s worked at IBMfor 10 years.
‘simple’for long period
She’s been working at IBMfor 10 years.
BUT
She’s been working at IBMfor 10 years.
in spoken English the ‘continuous’ is
also possible
3. short periods
We’re waiting
We’re waiting-- how long --
We’re waiting+ 15 minutes
We’ve been waitingfor 15 minutes.
We’ve been waitingfor 15 minutes.
shorttemporary
period
We’ve been waitingfor 15 minutes.
‘continuous’for short period
summary
state verbs long periods short periods
present I know her. She works at IBM. We’re waiting.
‘simple’ I’ve known herfor 5 minutes.
She’s worked at IBM for 10 years.
-
‘continuous’ - (She’s been working at IBM for 10 years.)
We’ve been waiting for 15 minutes.
it’s the present tense verb that decides
state verbs long periods short periods
present I know her. She works at IBM. We’re waiting.
‘simple’ I’ve known herfor 5 minutes.
She’s worked at IBM for 10 years.
-
‘continuous’ - (She’s been working at IBM for 10 years.)
We’ve been waiting for 15 minutes.
NB. negatives
She’s been checking her emailall day.
BUT
I’m not checking my email.
I’m not checking my email-- how long --
I’m not checking my email+ the start of the lesson
I haven’t checked my emailsince the start of the lesson
I haven’t checked my emailsince the start of the lesson
NOTI haven’t been checking
use the Present Perfect SimpleNOT the Continuousfor negative periods
to the present
present perfect simple or continuous (or both)
She has worked / has been working since 3pm.
They haven’t studied / haven’t been studying for 3 days.
I have wanted / have been wanting this CD since it came out.
They have waited / have been waiting for 30 minutes.
How long has he studied / has he been studying English?
He has studied / has been studying economics since 2011.
I have had / have been having this computer for 2 weeks.
We have walked / have been walking for 4 hours.
How long have you lived / have you been living in Rome?
It hasn’t rained / hasn’t been raining since lunchtime.
She has played / has been playing tennis since 1999.
present perfect simple or continuous (or both)
She has worked / has been working since 3pm. cont. in present
They haven’t studied / haven’t been studying for 3 days. negative
I have wanted / have been wanting this CD since it came out. state verb
They have waited / have been waiting for 30 minutes. short period
How long has he studied / has he been studying English? cont. in present
He has studied / has been studying economics since 2011. cont. in present
I have had / have been having this computer for 2 weeks. state verb
We have walked / have been walking for 4 hours. cont. in present
How long have you lived / (have you been living) in Rome? long period
It hasn’t rained / hasn’t been raining since lunchtime. negative
She has played / (has been playing) tennis since 1999. long period
recent past
someone’s been eatingmy sandwich!
Goldilocks grammar!
…Goldilocks fell asleep. And as she was sleeping, the three bears came home.
"Someone's been eating my porridge," growled Papa bear."Someone's been eating my porridge," said Mama bear."Someone's been eating my porridge and they’ve eaten it all up!" cried Baby bear.
"Someone's been sitting in my chair," growled Papa bear."Someone's been sitting in my chair," said Mama bear."Someone's been sitting in my chair and they've broken it all to pieces," cried Baby bear.…
…Goldilocks fell asleep. And as she was sleeping, the three bears came home.
"Someone's been eating my porridge," growled Papa bear."Someone's been eating my porridge," said Mama bear."Someone's been eating my porridge and they’ve eaten it all up!" cried Baby bear.
"Someone's been sitting in my chair," growled Papa bear."Someone's been sitting in my chair," said Mama bear."Someone's been sitting in my chair and they've broken it all to pieces," cried Baby bear.…
someone’s been eatingmy sandwich
emphasis onincomplete activity
someone’s eatenmy sandwich
emphasis onconclusion
"Someone's been eating my porridge and they’ve eaten it all up!"
Baby Bear wants to emphasise both
activity and conclusion
emphasis on conclusion also means number
John’s been eating the cheese.
He’s drunk 2 bottles of wine.
John’s been eating the cheese.
He’s drunk 2 bottles of wine.
incompleteactivity
John’s been eating the cheese.
He’s drunk 2 bottles of wine.
conclusion (number)
present perfect simple or continuous
I have cleaned / have been cleaning the windows.I have done / have been doing four. There’s just one left.
You have done / have been doing Module 6.
You have done / have been doing Module 7.You have done / have been doing the first 5 exercises.
I have read / have been reading three books this week.
She has written / has been writing emails today.
How many chapters have you studied / have you been studying?
He hasn’t done / hasn’t been doing all the exercises.
He’s had / been having trouble with his computer recently.He can’t send emails.
She has memorised / has been memorising verbs.But she hasn’t learnt / hasn’t been learning very many.
present perfect simple or continuous
I have cleaned / have been cleaning the windows.I have done / have been doing four. There’s just one left.
unfinished;number
You have done / have been doing Module 6. conclusion
You have done / have been doing Module 7.You have done / have been doing the first 5 exercises.
unfinished;number
I have read / have been reading three books this week.conclusion(number)
She has written / has been writing emails today. activity
How many chapters have you studied / have you been studying?
conclusion(number)
He hasn’t done / hasn’t been doing all the exercises.conclusion(number)
He’s had / been having trouble with his computer recently.He can’t send emails.
unfinished
She has memorised / has been memorising verbs.But she hasn’t learnt / hasn’t been learning very many.
unfinished;number
transitivevs.
intransitive
I’ve been writing a lot recently.
I’ve written a lot recently.
I’ve been writing a lot recently.
I’ve written a lot recently.
intransitive verb
I’ve been writing a lot recently.
I’ve written a lot recently.
emphasis on activity
I’ve been writing a lot recently.
I’ve written a lot recently.
emphasis on conclusion
I’ve been writing a lot recently.
I’ve written a lot recently.
what’s the present consequence
?
I’ve been writing a lot recently.
I’ve written a lot recently.
activity:my wrist hurts
I haven’t been readingetc
I’ve been writing a lot recently.
I’ve written a lot recently.
conclusion:I’ve finished a lot of pages
etc
present perfect simple or continuous
She [talk] a lot.Now she has a sore throat.
The Oracle [speak].She won’t speak again for a long time.
He [study] very hard.And he’s ready for the exam.
They [not study].They might not pass the exam.
I [read] a lot.Now my eyes are tired.
I [read] everything on the subject.Now I know it all.
She [write] to everyone in her class.Each person got a personalised card.
I [write] my thesis.It’s going well.
present perfect simple or continuous
She has been talking a lot.Now she has a sore throat.
activity
The Oracle has spoken.She won’t speak again for a long time. conclusion
He has studied very hard.And he’s ready for the exam.
conclusion
They haven’t been studying.They might not pass the exam.
activity
I have been reading a lot.Now my eyes are tired.
activity
I have read everything on the subject.Now I know it all.
conclusion
She has written to everyone in her class.Each person got a personalised card.
conclusion
I have been writing my thesis.It’s going well.
activity
experience recent past period to the present
present perfect simple
I’ve been to Paris. Someone’s eaten my sandwich.
She’s worked for IBM for 10 years.
present perfect continuous
- Someone’s been eating my sandwich.
It’s been raining for 3 hours.
homework
module 7, parts 6, 7, 11
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