We use the present perfect to talk about the past and the present together. The past action or situation is related to the present in various different ways. The action continues from the past to the

present. Example:I`ve known her for years. The results of the past action are important in

the present. Example: He`s lost his key.(he doesn`t have it now).

The time reference in the sentence includes the present. Example: He`s been ill all this week.

We don`t give any specific time, but we mean in my whole life. The information is important now for some reason. Example:I`ve never visited New York.

PRESENT PERFECT• AFFIRMATIVE

• She has been in Europe twice this year

• He has been in the United States several times.

• It has flown from North to South.

• I have lived in Bogota for many years.

• They have lived in Spain since a year ago

• We have read some novels in the english class.

NEGATIVE FORM

• I haven´t been in Australia

• She hasn´t been in Austria

• He hasn´t been in Australia

• We haven´t been in Mexico

• They haven´t been in London

• You haven´t been in France

INTERROGATIVE FORM

• Has he ever been in Australia? Yes, He´s

• Has she ever studied french?no, she hasn´t

• Have you ever listened to classical music?

• Yes, I have

• Have they ever written a research paper?

• No, they haven´t

• Have we ever eaten fish? Yes, we have

TIME EXPRESSIONS• For• Since• Ever• Just• Examples:• I have lived in Monteria for ten years• I have lived in Monteria since 2000• I have lived in Monteria since ten years ago.

TIME EXPRESSIONS

• “Ever”is used just with questions

• Have you ever lived in Monteria?

• Yes, I have

• I have just arrived to Monteria

EXERCISE• Complete the following sentences with the verbs in

parentheses. Use the present perfect.

• 1. Martha________ (understand) the lesson.

• 2.I_____________(try) sushi.

• 3. John_________( buy) some clothes this year.

• 4. Rita and I______( travel) to Mexico twice.

• 5. Ivan and Giselle ____ (watched) many musical videos in t.v since a year ago.

• Change the above sentences into questions.

We use the past simple for completed actions that are in the past. Example:Marilyn Monroe was married three times( = she is dead).

Whether we use the present perfect or past simple depends on how we see the action. If we see it as related to the present, we use THE PRESENT PERFECT.If we use it as related to the present, we use THE PRESENT PERFECT. If we see it as finished and in the past, we use THE PAST SIMPLE. Example: John has had an accident – they have taken him to hospital=( the accident is important now).

John had an accident – don`t worry he`s okay now. = ( the accident is no longer important).