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The origin of the highest O3 episodes in Spain
Xavier Querol & Andrés Alastuey (on behalf of the Spanish O3 Working Group) Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water research, IDAEA-CSIC
EMEP-WGE Joint meeting , September 13-16, 2016
N. H
ou
rly excee
dan
ces 1
80
µgO
3 /m3
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
ida
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aidæ
id aidæid aidid aidæContents and objectives
• Analysis of 2000-2015 O3 data in Spain (245 sites) • Focus in NE Spain (N of Barcelona) with a field
campaign on July 2015
• Identifying the origin of the highest O3 episodes (>180µg/m3, hourly)
The results presented here are from one published paper and another one in preparation: ON THE ORIGIN OF THE HIGHEST OZONE EPISODES IN SPAIN Querol X.1, Alastuey A.1, Reche C.1 Orio A.2, Pallares M.2, Reina F.2, Dieguez JJ.3, Mantilla E.3, Escudero M.4, Alonso L.5, Gangoiti G.5, Millán M.3
1IDAEA-CSIC, 2MAGRAMA, 3CEAM, 4UNIZAR, 5UPV/EHU. Science of the Total Environment 572 (2016) 379–389
ON THE ORIGIN OF THE HIGHEST OZONE EPISODES IN CATALONIA, NE SPAIN Querol X.1, Alastuey A.1, Minguillón M.C.1, Amato F.1, Reche C.1, Viana M.1, Karanasiou A.1, Rivas I.1, Pérez N.1, Ripoll A.1, Brines M.1, Ahn K.-H.2, Lee H.-K.2, Eun H.-R.2, Park Y.-H.2, Escudero M.2,Beddows N.4, Harrison R.M.4, Bertrand A.5, Temime-Rousell B.5, Marchand N.5, Soler R.M.6, Millán M.7
1IDAEA-CSIC, 2Hanyang University South Korea, , 3UNIZAR, 4University of Birmingham, UK, 5CNRS-Marseille, France, 6UB, 7CEAM
ida
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id aidæid aidid aidæ2000-2015 ozone episodes in Spain
0
10
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90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
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90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
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70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 160
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 162000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
0
20
40
60
80
0
20
40
60
80
µg
/m3
O3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
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50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
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30
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80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
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70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
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80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 162000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
0
20
40
60
80
µg
/m3
Ox
100
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140
20
40
60
80
100
RB
UB
+SDMean
-SD
+SDMean
-SD
IN
TR
+SDMean
-SD
+SDMean
-SD
Ox=O3+NO2, reduces the effect of O3 titration by NO
0
10
20
30
40
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60
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
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40
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60
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
10
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 162002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140
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pp
bO
x
30
10
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140
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30
10
2000 2000
Querol X. et al., Science of the Total Environment 572 (2016) 379–389
ida
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id aidæid aidid aidæ2000-2015 ozone episodes in Spain
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 162000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
40
80
120
Mea
n 9
3.2
p. 8
h a
vera
ges
µg
/m3
O3
20
60
100
0
140
40
80
120
20
60
100
0
140
2000
RB
UB
+SDMean
-SD
+SDMean
-SD
IN
TR
+SDMean
-SD
+SDMean
-SD
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
-10
-5
0
5
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15
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
-10
-5
0
5
10
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20
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30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
-10
-5
0
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
-10
-5
0
5
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30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
-10
-5
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
-10
-5
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30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
-10
-5
0
5
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15
20
25
30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
-10
10
Mea
n N
ho
url
y ex
ced
ance
s1
80
µg
/m3
O3/s
ite
0
20
30
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20142000-10
10
0
20
30
Querol X. et al., Science of the Total Environment 572 (2016) 379–389
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0
2000-2015 ozone episodes in Spain
Querol X. et al., Science of the Total Environment 572 (2016) 379–389
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id aidæid aidid aidæ2000-2015 ozone episodes in Spain
2005 2006 2007 2008
2009 2010 2011 2012
2013 2014 2015 2016 (up to 31/08/16)
2016 (up to 31/08/16)
NASA NO2 OMI level 3 Plotted using the Giovanni online data system, developed and maintained by the NASA GES DISC
Mean annual tropospheric NO2 column (clear, 0-30% cloud) (1014 molec/cm2)
ida
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aidæ
id aidæid aidid aidæ
2ºW 1ºW 0º 1ºE 2ºE 3ºE 4ºE 5ºE 6ºE
43ºN
42ºN
41ºN
40ºN
39ºN
38ºN
37ºN
36ºN
35ºN
Fornells(4)
Montcada(8)
S. Viçent(10)Martorell(7)
Igualada(5)L’Hospitalet(6), Sagrera(9)
S.Andreu (1)Cubelles (3)
Bonavista (2)
Morella (18)
Monagrega(19)
Coratxar(17)
Penyeta (11)Onda (12)
Gandia(16)
G.Vía(15)
Ermita(13)
>1500
750-1500
500-750
0-500
m.s.n.m.
Norte de Africa
Mar
Mediterráneo
cuenca del Ebro
Francia
Regional
h) 00UTC 15 Sep.2000
Atlantic
g) 18UTC 26 Aug.2000
Regional
f) 18UTC 14 Aug.2000
Atlantic
e) 00 UTC 4 Aug. 2000
Regional
d) 18 UTC 1 Aug. 2000
Atlantic
b) 06 UTC 11 July 2000
Regional
c) 18 UTC 19 July 2000
Atlantic
j) 18UTC 12 Oct.2000
Regional
k) 18UTC 18 Oct.2000
Atlantic
l) 18UTC 22 Oct.2000
Regional
a) 18 UTC 30 June 2000
Atlantic
i) 00UTC 20 Sep.2000
HL
H
1018x
x1020
L
1006
x
1012
L
L
x
x
1017
1017
H1018
x
Lx
1010
H
1010
x
x
998
L
x
1035
L
L986
x
H
H
x
1025
H1016
x
1011 LL
x
x
10181012
xL1014
x HH
x
1004
H1024
x
Lx1031
x
L
1013x
1024
L
H
H1021
x
Lx
1034x
1012 x1011
xL1013
1013Lx
HH
1020
x
Lx1018x
1029 1029
Hx
H
H
xL
x
1010
x
1027
1015x
L
1011
1008xL x
H
1017 xH
1018
xH
x L1011
xL1001
H
xL1003
xL988
985xL
xL
1003
x
1005
x
H
x
1012
x
x
H
L994
993
L993
Hx
1027
x
H
1027
x1027
H
xL1023
x
H
1026
x H1025
xL
x1026
H
x
L
1021
L980x
Mar Mediterráneo
Albalate
Sénia
Torre Miró
Cuenca del Ebro C. Ibérica
Millán et al., 1997
Ozone episodes in the Mediterranean
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id aidæid aidid aidæOzone episodes in the Mediterranean
rO3
bVOCs
bSOA + aSOA
HNO3 + NO3-
UV, RO, HO2, OH
pNO2
aVOCs
bVOCs
rO3
NO
a+bVOCs
p+sNO2 NO
NO O3+NO → NO2+O2
sNO2
rO3
O3 consumed by titration
aVOCs
bVOCs
NO
rO3
LO3 bVOCs
rO3
LO3
Ozone dry deposition (Monks et al., 2015): -Stomatal deposition -Radiation & surface-T reactions -Non stomatal depostion -In-canopy chemistry (NO) -Deposition to Water
O3 O3 O3 O3
Ox Ox
The concepts of rOx & LOx
pNO2
NO
rO3
aVOCs
bVOCs
p+sNO2
a+bVOCs
rO3 NO
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id aidæid aidid aidæ
Hourly maxima July 2015O3 µg/m3
PAR 196 (2)
STAP 188 (1)
MAN 227 (13)
VIC 218 (19)
TON 218 (23)
BER 204 (3)
STPM 189 (1)
STC 169 (0)
BEG 157 (0)
PON 169 (0)
TERR 146 (0)
MNR 156 (0)
VPE 150 (0)
VGT 150 (0)ALC 159 (0)
IGU 132 (0) SAB 148 (0)GRA 148 (0)
STMP 187 (1)
SAD 183 (1)
EPLL 156 (0)
RUB 155 (0)
STV 157 (0)
L’H 134(0)
MON 152 (0)
CTL 137 (0)PBN 127 (0)
PBN 148 (0)
MSY 189 (2)
N. hours exceeding the O3
Information treshold (0), (1-3), (13-23) <140
140 - 180180-227
AGU 178 (0)
Max-h (N. h >180 µg/m3 O3) July 2015
Ozone episodes in the northern area of Barcelona
ida
idæid aidid
aidæ
id aidæid aidid aidæ
0
40
80
120
160
200
1-7-15 0 6-7-15 0 11-7-15 0 16-7-15 0 21-7-15 0 26-7-15 0 31-7-15 0
Ho
url
y O
x le
vels
(µ
g/m
3) TONA
GRA
MSY
BADA
h-Ox=NO2+O3
Ozone episodes in the northern area of Barcelona
BARCELONA
* * * * * * * *
* * Week end days
ida
idæid aidid
aidæ
id aidæid aidid aidæ
0
40
80
120
160
200
240
1-7-10 0 6-7-10 0 11-7-10 0 16-7-10 0 21-7-10 0 26-7-10 0 31-7-10 0
Ho
url
y O
x le
vels
(µ
g/m
3)
TON
GRA
MSY
PBLN
* * * * * *
* * * *
0
40
80
120
160
200
240
1-7-12 0 6-7-12 0 11-7-12 0 16-7-12 0 21-7-12 0 26-7-12 0 31-7-12 0
Ho
url
y O
x lev
els
(µg/
m3)
TON
GRA
MSY
CTL* *
* * * * * * * *
Ozone episodes in the northern area of Barcelona
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id aidæid aidid aidæConcluding remarks
• The highest O3 episodes (>180µg/m3 hourly O3) have both regional-long range transport and regional-local components, the latter being prevalent in specific periods, and occur mostly only in 7 areas of Spain
• We showed that using AQ data we can determine when the latter is prevalent • To evaluate possible effect of mitigation actions for these intense pollution episodes we need to:
• Be able to forecast the episodes of synoptic stagnation dominated by vertical recirculation cycles (Millán et al., 1997 and 2000)
• Carrying out sensitivity analysis for abatement of NOx and AVOCs for these specifically • Obviously the O3 problem is not only concerned to the exceedances of the information threshold
value, but also the human protection and AOT40 targets. These are exceeded around Madrid and in the Southern and Mediterranean sides
• The fact that we found a clear OMI 2005-2015 NO2 decrease at regional scale with low effect on mean regional O3 (constantly high along the period) points to the complexity of abating mean O3 levels, but we should study also the peak episodes
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Collaboration:
Thank you very much for your attention!!!! [email protected]