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“Next GenerAtion MateriAls and Solid State DevicEs for Ultra High Temperature Energy Storage and Conversion”

01/01/2017 – 31/12/2017

Grant Agreement 737054

Project Overview

Alejandro DatasScientific Coordinator

06/02/2018

Grant agreement 737054 2

Project context

• Project context and objectives• Project Overview • Partners Presentation


Project context

Wind accounts for:487 GW power capacity4 % of world electricity supply

Solar-PV accounts for:303 GW power capacity1.5 % of world electricity supply

Year 2016


Project context

Energy storage capacity / total world generation capacity = 2.6 %

http://www.energystorageexchange.org/

95% of total storage capacity is pumped hydroelectric


Project context

Energy storage capacity / total world generation capacity = 2.6 %

TES => 3 GW (40%)

http://www.energystorageexchange.org/


Project context

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Publications on “energy storage” Publications on “thermal energy storage”

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Thermal Energy Storage (Background)

Heat

Tem

pe

ratu

re

Solid Solid/liquid Liquid



Heat

Tem

pe

ratu

re

Cold Tank

Hot Tank

Stored energyE = m cp ΔT

ΔT

Stability limit (~565 C)

Freezing point (~ 220 C)

As high as possible

Typical ~ 100 kWh/m3



Molten salt(290-565 C)

Steam(540C, 100-

160 bar)

Rankine

M. Liu et al. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 53 (2016) 1411–1432

100 kWh/m3

565 ⁰C

290 ⁰C


Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage (LHTES)

Heat

Tem

pe

ratu

re

Liquid

Stored energy: E = m Lf

Solid

“Phase Change Materials” or PCM


Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage (LHTES)

Electrochemical

Pressurized hydrogen (700 bar)

Liquid hydrogen

Molten-salts

State of the art two-tanks TES

Si-B alloys

AMADEUS novelty

High latent heat High thermal conductivity

Low latent heat Low thermal conductivity


Specific Objectives

Objective 1 - Synthesize Si-B based alloys with latent heat above 2 MJ/kg optimized for LHTES applications

Objective 2 - Fabricate an optimal PCM casing enabling long term reliability at temperatures up to 2000ºC

Objective 3 - Demonstrate the proof of concept of a thermionic-photovoltaic converter

Objective 4 - Demonstrate the proof of concept of the novel energy storage concept


Ultra High Temperature Energy Conversion

Steam turbines

~ 600 ⁰C

Maximum temperature of dynamic closed-cycle heat engines ~ 1000 ⁰C

Blades of turbines


Ultra-High Temperature (UHT)


Radiative-basedsolid stateconverters

A. Datas, A. Martí, Thermophotovoltaic energy in space applications: Review and future potential, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Volume 161, March 2017, Pages 285-296

1100 1300 1500 1700900700500

Heat conduction /convection Heat Radiation

Temperature (⁰C)



Thermo-Photovoltaic Thermionic

+

+ ++ -

-

--

photons

-

- - --electrons

-

> 1000 ⁰C > 1000 ⁰C

K. Aizat, et al. Review on Thermionic Energy Converters, IEEE Trans Elect Dev, Vol. 63, NO. 6, JUNE 2016

T. Bauer “Thermophotovoltaics: Basic principles and Critical aspects of System Design”, Springer.



--electrons

-

> 1000 ⁰C

+-

+-

Hybrid Thermionic-Photovoltaic

A.Datas. Hybrid Thermionic-Photovoltaic Converter, Appl. Phys. Lett. 108, 143503 (2016)

AMADEUS novelty

photons


Specific Objectives






UHT Energy Conversion

Vessel

Concentrated Sunlight

Electricity

Thermal Insulation

Waste Heat

electrons

photons

Thermionic Thermo-PV

Energy Storage Energy Conversion

PCM>1000⁰C

> 1000 kWhth/m3

(> 10 times than salts)> 50 kWe/m2

(>200 times than solar PV)

AMADEUS novelty


Specific Objectives






Project Video


Emerging international activities

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

future

Europe

Australia

USA

Conceptual papers



Private funding = $6M AUD (2017)Australian Government = $1.6M AUD (2017)

www.1414degrees.com.au Georgia Institute of Technology

Project ID: DE-AR0000339



Some media articles in 2017


Project context



Project Overview

FET-OPENHORIZON 2020

Grant Number: 737054 7 partners

• 3 Universities• 3 R&D Centers• 1 SME

Budget: 3.270.496,25 € Jan 2017 – Dec 2019 Coordinator: UPM (Spain)

www.amadeus-project.eu


Project Overview

Metallurgy, Thermal insulation, CFD simulation, Thermionics, Thermo-Photovoltaics







Work Plan

WP2Energy Storage Module

(198 pm)

WP1Management, communication

and exploitation (21 pm)

WP3Energy

Conversion Module

(180 pm)

WP4Final proof of concept experiment (69 pm)

WP1: Leaded by Dr. Ana Belen CRISTOBAL (UPM)

WP2: Leaded by Prof. Natalia SOBCZAK (FRI)Target objectives 1 and 2

WP3: Leaded by Dr. Alessandro BELLUCCI (CNR)Target objective 3

WP4: Leaded by Dr. Alejandro DATAS (UPM)Target objective 4

pm = person-month


Project timeline

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

T1.1 D1.2 D1.4/D1.5 D1.7 D1.10

T1.2 D1.1 D1.3 MS1 D1.6 D1.8 D1.9

T2.1 D2.1 - MS2 D2.2 - MS3

T2.2.1 D2.3

T2.2.2 D2.4

T2.3 D2.5 - MS4

T2.4 D2.6

T2.5 D2.7 - MS5

T3.1.1 D3.1

T3.1.2 D3.6 - MS7

T3.2 D3.5

T3.3.1 D3.7 - MS7

T3.3.2 D3.8

T3.3.3 D3.9 - MS8

T3.4 D3.3

T3.5.1 D3.2 - MS6

T3.5.2 D3.4 D3.12

T3.6 D3.10 - MS9/MS10 D3.11 - MS11

T4.1 D4.1 - MS12

T4.2 D4.2 - MS13

T4.3 D4.3 - MS14

YEAR 1 YEAR2 YEAR3

Current stage

WP3

WP4

WP2


Project timeline

Current stage

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

T1.1 D1.2 D1.4/D1.5 D1.7 D1.10

T1.2 D1.1 D1.3 MS1 D1.6 D1.8 D1.9

T2.1 D2.1 - MS2 D2.2 - MS3

T2.2.1 D2.3

T2.2.2 D2.4

T2.3 D2.5 - MS4

T2.4 D2.6

T2.5 D2.7 - MS5

T3.1.1 D3.1

T3.1.2 D3.6 - MS7

T3.2 D3.5

T3.3.1 D3.7 - MS7

T3.3.2 D3.8

T3.3.3 D3.9 - MS8

T3.4 D3.3

T3.5.1 D3.2 - MS6

T3.5.2 D3.4 D3.12

T3.6 D3.10 - MS9/MS10 D3.11 - MS11

T4.1 D4.1 - MS12

T4.2 D4.2 - MS13

T4.3 D4.3 - MS14

YEAR 1 YEAR2 YEAR3

WP3

WP4

WP2

TIPV device

TIPV PoC (objective 3)

Final PoC (objective 4)

Optimal PCM alloy (objective 1)

Full prototype

Optimal PCM casing (objective 2)


Project context



Partners presentation

Solar Energy Institute of Technical University of Madrid (IES-UPM)

Type of Organization:University

Total person-months = 100• WP1: 15 (Coord)• WP2: 20• WP3: 40 (40%)• WP4: 25 (Coord)

Relevant expertise:Thermo-Photovoltaics

Presenting: Prof. Carlos del CAÑIZO


Instituto de Energía Solar – Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

Mission: Contribute to the development of Photovoltaic Solar Energy through R&D

3 research lines following a vertically-integrated approach (“from the material to thesystem”):

• Improvement of conventional technologies

• Silicon Technology

• Photovoltaic Modules and Systems

• Concentration Photovoltaics

• Multijunction solar cells

• Concentration Instruments and Systems

• New concepts for solar cells and applications

• Intermediate band solar cells

• Thermophotovoltaic solar cells in novel applications

• Space solar cells



MBE y MOVPE epitaxial reactors

Solar cell manufacturingCharacterization of PV materials and devices

Concentration PV test benches

Quality of PV systemsBuilding integration PV

Silicon production



~80 people (20 professors, 10 postdoc, 35 PhD students, 15 support)

Some indicators of the last five years: Participation in 30 competitive national and regional R&D projects Coordination of 4 European projects and participation in 8 more Participation in 30 private contracts with industry Publication of more than 250 scientific papers, 4 books, 15 book chapters, 20

patents Promotion of spin-offs (Solar Added Value, webPV, QPV, SILSTORE) 20 PhD thesis defended Promotion of a master on Photovoltaic Solar Energy



Type of Organization:Research Institute

Total person-months = 84• WP1: 1• WP2: 81 (Coord) – 96%• WP3: 0• WP4: 2

Relevant expertise:High Temperature Materials

Presenting: Prof. Natalia SOBCZAK

Foundry Research Institute (FRI)


General info

R&D centre for metal casting established in 1946 Category A of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education 1st place in ranking of its category Partners: 28 organizations from 18 countries Patents: >450 (75 – international) Management model – through projects Employement: 118 including:

- 8 professors, 18 doctors- 41% women- av. age 48 years

Activities

R&D of materials and liquid-assisted processing of different alloys and metal/ceramic composites (Fe, Al, Cu, Mg, Zn, Ti, Ni, Sn, In, Co)

Development of various casting processes (sand and diecasting, centrifugal, high pressure, investment, squeeze casting etc.)

High temperature liquid state materials science Materials testing and characterization Design, simulation and prototyping (RPS, LOM, CAD/CAM) Foundry sand reclamation and utilization of foundry waste Forecasting and trends, foresight Processing and dissemination of information Certification and Standardization



Unique home-made UHT experimental facility (up to 2100ºC) A set of versatile apparatuses for complex studies of HT

phenomena and properties of liquid metals and alloys Measurements of thermophysical properties Testing methods/procedures impossible in other laboratories

Various drop-assisted methods

Dispensed drop(capillary

purification)

Metal suction(non-wetting)

Substrate rotation

Drop pushing

Transferred drop


Center for High Temperature Studies




Total person-months = 39• WP1: 1• WP2: 36 (92%)• WP3: 0• WP4: 2

Relevant expertise:High Temperature Materials

Presenting: Prof. Merete TANGSTAD

Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)


Department of Material Science and Engineering (IMA)

Total number of employees: 190

Yearly graduates: BSc (65), MSc (70), PhD (20)

Books regarding high temperature proccesses and Si from IMA:

NTNU


1. Electrochemistry (corrosion, fuel cells and batteries, Al, Ni, Zn, Fe, SoG-Si, Ti)

2. Inorganic Chemistry (non metallic materials: functional materials)

3. Physical Metallurgy (Al, Sog-Si, steels, solidification, …)

4. Resources, Energy & Environment (ferroalloys, silicon, functional materials at high temperatures, …)

• Furnace laboratories and (small) pilot scale smelting facilities (up to 2500 °C)

• TGA/DTG (HT), Sessile drop (HT)

• Scanning Electron Microscope, Microprobe, Glow Discharge Spectroscopy, Mechanical Characterization, XRD, TEM, ICPMS; Leco, …..

NTNU

• Fundamental properties of Si-B-alloys• Latent heat of fusion, solid-liquid density, ……

• Interaction of Si-B-alloy with crucible materials• Dissolution of crucible material in alloy (C,O, N, …) and behaviour with heat cycles• D2.2.2: Report on solubility tests of Si-B based alloys with refractory linings, M24





Relevant expertise:CFD thermal simulation

Presenting: Dr. Aris NIKOLOPOULOS

Center for research and Technology Hellas -Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute

(CERTH-CPERI)


CERTH / CPERI

Established: in 2000 (CPERI existing since 1985)

Personnel : 600+ with majority engineers and scientists

Annual Turnover: € 21 Million

> 30% from bilateral industrial research contracts.

> 60% from competitive research projects and

< 10% as government institutional funding

Center of Excellence in latest evaluation of General Secretariat for Research and Technology(GSRT) (CPERI 1st/52 Institutes. Other CERTH Institutes recognized as excellent)

Numerous awards and distinctions (e.g. Descartes Prize, ERC Advanced Grant, Trading AgentCompetition Award and many more)

Mission

High quality scientific research

Emphasis on Research – Development – Innovation (R&D&I)

Strong collaboration with the global industry

Innovative synergies with universities and research institutes in Greece and abroad


Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute was established

in 2012 by the merger of two existing and long-standing institutes of

CERTH:

Institute for Solid Fuels Technology and Applications ( est. 1987)

Chemical Process Engineering Research Institute (est. 1985)

• Director: Prof. Emmanuel Kakaras

• Combined scientific staff ~ 250 people, Turnover ~ 10 m€/yr

• Research and technological areas (among others):

Biofuels, utilization and novel production technologies

Co-firing of coal and biomass/waste

Small scale biomass boilers

Gasification and biorefinery concepts

Biomass logistics

Clean Coal Technologies, CCS

By-products utilization

Environmental Fuels and Hydrocarbons, Catalytic processes

Production and utilization of Hydrogen – Fuel Cells

• Involvement in platforms (indicative)

European Platform on Renewable Heating and Cooling

DHC+ Platform

Athens

ThessalonikiPtolemaida

CERTH / CPERI


CFD-FEMHeat transfer modelling/Stress-strain analysis

CFD-Multiphase flowDroplet dynamics using V.O.F. model

furnace

Wall heat flux as BC

Tubes winding around

the boiler

• Model tested at realistic hightemperature/high velocity conditions

Implementation of new Radiation Model in

ANSYS Fluent, proposed by CERTH/CPERI, NTUA

CERTH /CPERI





Relevant expertise:Thermal Insulation

Presenting: Dominik BESTENLEHNER

Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Engineering - University of Stuttgart (USTUTT)


Solar thermal componentsand systems

Solar drivencoolingdevicesKies/Wasser-Wärmespeicher

Erdsonden-Wärmespeicher

Heißwasser-Wärmespeicher

Sommer Winter

WärmedämmungAbdichtungSchutzvlies

Advanced insulation materials

Heat exchange simulationsbetween bore hole TES and soil

Outdoor and indoor testfacilites for solar thermal

USTUTT

ITW:ca. 100 employeesca. 35 researchers and postdocsca. 50 students

Dep. Research and Testing Centrefor Solar Thermal Systems

Dep. Thermodynamics, Heating-and Cooling Technology

Guarded hot plate / cylinder apparatus with / without vacuum


Role of USTUTT in AMADEUS

Development of the thermal insulation concept for the thermal energy store: Identification of suitable thermal insulation

materials and determination of their material properties

Identification and development of analytical models to calculate the thermal conductivity of thermal insulation materials at ultra-high temperatures in different atmosphere gases

Thermal conductivity measurements

CFD simulations of the thermal insulation concept


Knowledge, equipment and tools of USTUTT

Fundamental and applied research on heat and mass transfer in thermal insulation materials since decades

Latest national and European projects research on thermal insulation for thermal energy storage with regard to:

Cost-effective materials

Natural convection in bulk insulation materials

Highly efficient vacuum insulation

Contribution to IEA Tasks:

IEA-Task 32 “Advanced store concepts“

IEA-Task 42 “Compact thermal energy stores“

IEA-Task 45 “Large Systems: Large Solar Heating/Cooling Systems, Seasonal Storage, Heat Pumps”

IEA-Task 55 ”Towards the Integration of Large SHC Systems into District Heating and Cooling (DHC) Networks”




Total person-months = 92• WP1: 1• WP2: 0• WP3: 73 (Coord) – 79%• WP4: 18

Relevant expertise:Thermionics

Presenting: Dr. Daniele M. TRUCCHI

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche –Istituto di Struttura della Materia (CNR-ISM)


CNR-ISM Recent projects

600 – 1000 C = TR

TE

Rload

n

p

n

p

n

p

Rload

200-450 C = TC

TTE-H

TAmb

Radiation

Absorber

Thermionic

Emitter

Thermionic Stage Load

CollectorThermoelectric

Stage Load

Thermoelectric

Couples

Final

Thermal

Stage

Concentrated

Solar

Radiation

T

z

Vacuum

Surface

Texturing

Transparent

Window

Vacuum

Enclosure

TTE-C

Electric

Contacts

TEGThermionic

Energy

Converter

2010 - 2012 FP7-Energy Project E2PHEST2US – n. 241270Thermionic-thermoelectric conversion module for solar concentrated systems . Scientific Coordination in charge of CNR

2013-2017 Fusion for Energy UE project. Development of CVD Diamond Neutron Spectrometers and 10 cm2

Array for Neutron, in collaboration with CNR-IFP

2014-2018 FP7-ENERGY IRP Project STAGE-STE – n. 609837Scientific and Technological Alliance for Guaranteeing the European Excellence in Concentrating Solar Thermal Energy”In collaboration with CNR-ISTEC, CNR-INO

2013-2016 FP7 FET-ENERGY Project ProME3ThE2US2 - n. 308975 Photon-enhanced thermionic energy conversion technology for solar concentrated systems . Coordination – D.M. Trucchi

2017-2018 H2020 FET-ILP Project DMS - n. 754568Approach to the market activity for the Dielectric MicroSpacertechnology. Coordination – D.M. Trucchi

2017-2019 H2020 FET-OPEN Project AMADEUS – n. 737054Next GenerAtion MateriAls and Solid State DevicEs for Ultra High Temperature Energy Storage and Conversion

HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH

electrons

photons

Thermionic Photovoltaic

emitter

TPV cellcollector

Micro-spacers

cooling

system

DiaTHEMA LabDiamond, Thermal & Harsh Environment Materials & Applications


Material Production

Microwave CVD ASTEX 1500

Device FabricationCharacterization

Spectral Photometry (200-2000 nm)

Raman & IR spectroscopy

Pulsed laser AblationExcimer, Femtosecond

MagnetronSputtering

SEM+EDSAFM

Plasma Treatments

Femtosecond FAB

Hot Filament CVD

RIE

Optical lithography

CNR-ISM Facilities

VTECVacuum & Temperature Electronic Characterization

UHV 10-9 TorrThermionic Emission T < 2300 K

Electrode distance down to 30 ± 5 umMass spectrometry in situ

UHV Field EmissionPhoto-Thermionic Emission T < 1000 KPhotoconductivity (200-1300 nm)Photo Emission SpectroscopyI-V and C-V curves 77 < T < 700 KImpedance SpectroscopyFour Point Probe

Characterization of devices

e--beam evaporator

XRD & SAXS

XPS+UPS



Type of Organization:SME

Total person-months = 72• WP1: 1• WP2: 0• WP3: 53 (74%)• WP4: 18

Relevant expertise:Vacuum Systems

Presenting: Gianfranco SABBATELLA

IONVAC Process SRL. (IONVAC)


IONVAC Process SRL

Ultra High Vacuum Equipments, Plasma Systems, Thin Film and Coating Technology, UAV Flight exemplars and electronic devices for Research and Science Applications

From CAD to Simulation to Fabrication Pumping systems for HV and UHV

He Leak test and mass spectrometer

Atmosphere Plasma Technologies

Materials Treatments and Characterization systems

Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD): Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD), RF Magnetron and DC sputtering, Electron Beam

and Joule effect Evaporation.

Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD): MicroWave CVD, Plasma Enhanced CVD (PECVD), R.I.E. (Reactive Ion Etching)

Areonautical Applications


IONVAC Process SRL

Fabrication of an innovative vacuum enclosure and ancapsulation for a

Concentrated Solar Converter based on Thermionic/Thermoelectric stages

2. Design, fabrication and testing of vacuum enclosures

3. Design and fabrication of equipments for testing finalized devices

1. Development of Precision mechanics equipment for the fabrication of mechanical and vacuum components

Fabrication of high temperature conversion modules


Project Overview

Metallurgy, Thermal insulation, CFD simulation, Thermionics, Thermo-Photovoltaics







Back up slides


Envisaged Applications (examples)

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