presentasi powerpoint -...

RCEnE

2018Manila

Pri Utami

Geothermal Research Centre

Faculty of Engineering

Universitas Gadjah Mada

Jalan Grafika 2, Yogyakarta

[email protected]

Geothermal Energy Development:

a Synergy between Science and Engineering

Pri Utami 28 September 2018Geothermal Energy Development

Talk Coverage

• HEAT ENERGY BENEATH OUR FEET

• GEOTHERMAL IN INDONESIA AND PHILIPPINES

• SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DEVELOPMENT

• ROOMS FOR SOCIAL ENGINEERING

• CONCLUDING REMARKS


Geothermal: ENERGY BENEATH OUR FEET

• Virtually infinite energy from the interior of

the Earth.

• More equally distributed than any other

source of natural energy.


Geothermal energy is contained within a

geothermal system, i.e., the system of

heat and mass transfer from the inner

part of the Earth to the surface.

Geothermal systems are open sytem

which serve as both natural laboratories

and energy sources, which allow us to:

• Study the Earth and planetary

processes.

• Biodiversity and life in extreme

environment.

• Develop the technology to explore and

harness their potential.


Extended definition

Heat energy from the Earth that can be extracted economically.

Challenge for development

• Resource discovery and characterization

• Optimation of energy utilization

• By-product utilization

• Environmental sustainablity

• Economic competitiveness

• Social and cultural acceptability


Indonesia & Philippines

1 GW Geothermal Country Club


342 locations Reserves = 17,506 MW Resources 11,073 MW Utilization

11% of the existing reserves Great opportunity for research & investment National energy security


Other ASEAN Countries known to have geothermal potential:

Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand

http://map.thinkgeoenergy.com/


INDONESIA

• 28.579 MW total potential

(onshore) ~ 40% world’s resource.

• Installed capacity : ~1.925 MW:

high-temperature, volcano-hosted

geothermal fields

• “Hidden” systems (lack of

manifestations) are now being

considered.

• Low and medium enthalpy

systems are being researched.

• Submarine geothermal has not

been considered as an

economically and technologically

feasible option for development.

Resource discovery and characterization


Keys for succesful development

Increase the geological assurance of the resource potential

Improve the technology for efficiency of energy extraction and

utilization

Challenges in research

• High-temperature, volcano-hosted geothermal system

Improve the resolution of geoscientific exploration methods to

accurately locate the best production zone.

• “Hidden” geothermal system (lack of surface manifestation):

Development of exploration technology

Technology to access the producible heat at the subsurface.

• Low & medium enthalpy geothermal system

Improvement of the understanding of the geological setting

and character of the systems

Development of utilization technology


Engineering research

Geothermal reservoir engineering

• Accurate measurements or estimation of reservoir properties

• Development of powerful, user-friendly modelling softwares

Fluid production facilities

• Efficiency of production facilities

• Material engineering

Energy utilization technology

• Power generation efficiency in conventional plant

• Binary power plant

• Direct use

• Cascade utization

By products

• New paradigm in scaling mitigation


High-temperature, volcano-hosted geothermal systems

Indonesian archipelago: 80 active and inactive strato-volcanoes 20 volcano-hosted

high-temperature geothermal systems 1.925 MW from 11 fields 7 fields associated

with magmatically derived acidic fluids.

A. Geothermal systems hosted by young strato-volcanoes:

• Sibayak (North Sumatra)

• Kawah Ijen (East Java) and Tangkuban Perahu (West Java)

• Ulubelu (South Sumatra)

B. Geothermal systems associated with acidic fluid feeders:

• Dieng (Central Java)

• Lahendong (North Sulawesi) and Patuha (West Java)


Challenges in developing potential fields with acidic fluids

• Corrosion of production facilities in the

hottest sector of the field.

• Environmental management to mitigate

possible damage due to the presence of

deeply derived corrosive fluids.

• High NCG content from wells in the

central parts of the system:

Lower the turbine efficiency.

Environmental problem.

• Anticipation of scaling problem in other

parts of the system.

• Modeling the field hydrology that will

help:

Build the development strategy to

reduce risk of future problems related

to deeply-derived acid fluid.

Find development target with high-

temperature and benign fluids.(Example from Lahendong, North Sulawesi)


NZ-type geothermal system in Indonesia?Low relief terrain, high-T, good permeability, benign reservoir fluid

• Detailed, wider coverage of geological survey

• Detailed, higher resolution of geophysical exploration technology

• Advanced fluid geochemistry analyzes

Tompaso sector of the Lahendong – Tompaso Field, North Sulawesi


Other types of geothermal system

Example: Sulawesi

Occurrence of geothermal resources

6% active volcanoes (Minahasa sector, North Arm)

36% old volcanoes (Gorontalo & South Arm)

28% uplifted granites around the Palu fault zone

30% faulted granite and metamorphic basement rocks

and fragments of oceanic crust (Southeast Arm)

Map from Watkinson (2011)

Geothermal resource locations from MEMR (2004)

• Development of suitable exploration concept.

• Development of direct utilzation design.


Although in the short term technicaly more difficult and expensive to

develop as practical power source, globally the offshore geothermal

resource far exceeds the equivalent potential on land.

Using mature technology from onshore geothermal and offshore

hydrocarbon exploitation, in the future submarine geothermal resources

can be an economical affordable option for energy supplies at small to

large scale.

Offshore geothermal resource development


BANDAArc – continent collision

Špičák et al (2013)

Ambon volcanic arc : Ambon (active 5–1 Ma, submarine volcanic complex of the Pisang

Plateau, Banda Api (currently active).

Northwest of the Banda volcanic arc: submarine volcanoes Emperor of China and

Nieuwerkerk (active 8–7 Ma), Gunung Api Wetar (currently active), and the submarine

Lucipara ridge (active 7–3 Ma).

World’s deepest through (7 km).

World’s most tectonically and

seismically active region.

Limited knowledge on its geo-

resources.

Submarine geothermal potential

in Banda Sea ?

Banda volcanic arc : Alor,

Wetar and Romang (active 12

– 13 Ma), Damar, Teon, Nila,

Serua (currently active), and

Manuk (solfataric activity).


RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES

• Submarine geoscience research to characterise the resource

Locate the prospects

Model the subsurface conditions (size, resevoir rocks,

permeability types, temperature and pressure)

Understand the fluid quality

Fluid-rock interactions, mineralization

• Heat extraction and utilization technology

• Material science

Suitable materials for the equipments to access and extract

the heat energy

• Other research to ensure the feasibility of the submarine

geothermal projects


Rooms for Social Engineering

Bring geothermal closer to the heart of the society


Bring geothermal closer to the heart of the society

• Geothermal education for the society

• Introduction to geothermal science and technology to

schools

• Development of geothermal-based economic activities

e.g., community-based geothermal tourism,

geothermal-powered agro industries, etc.


Soft launching of the lahendong Geothermal Education Park

celebrated with the first Indonesian Geothermal Festival.

The First Indonesian Geothermal Festival

Lahendong Geothermal Field, 6 – 7 August 2015


Public activity in the Geothermal Education Park, Lahendong Field, North Sulawesi


Concluding Remarks• Being indigeneous, clean, renewable, and season-independent,

geothermal energy is a vital aset for the energy security.

• Synergy between science and engineering certainly help to explore their

potentials, optimize their use, and to increase their economic

competitiveness.

• Other ASEAN Countries (e.g., Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam) have

geothermal energy potential contained in systems different from those of

Indonesia and the Philippines, however their potential are worth to be

unlocked.

• Buliding the support from the community to geothermal energy

development is equally important to hard-science and engineering

research.


The 1st Indonesian Geothermal Festival 2015

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