presentation

Slide Nr. 1OMV (PAKISTAN), FirsrName LastName, 15. April 2023 Move & More.

Systematic Safety Measures, Solutions and Certification

CONTENTS TO COVER:IntroductionNeed of Safety measuresBasics of SIS, SIF and SILExplanation of SIS and SIFBasic Layers of Safety and Protection systemSafety Standards and SILConclusion

Move & More.Slide Nr. 2OMV (PAKISTAN), FirsrName LastName, 15. April 2023

Safety in Industries

Operations being carried out in Industries

Chemical and Oil & Gas Industries

Inherent risk and a great Potential of hazardous events

Great probability of risk in manual safety systems

Introduction of Systemized and Automated safety systems

Safety Instrumented Function (SIF)

Safety Instrumented System (SIS)

International Standards for the classification of SIF or SIS

Safety Integrity Level (SIL)


Safety Instrumented System (SIS)

System that responds to hazardous events in order to bring the process to a safe state

Works in a chain of command to complete its action Terminologies that we encounter in SIS

Covert and Overt faults Failure Safety Instrumented Function (SIF) Probability of failure on demand (PFD) Protection layers Redundancy Safe failure fraction (SFF) Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) Safety Integrity Level (SIL)


Safety Instrumented Function (SIF)

Equipment that carries out the single set of actions in response to the single hazard

Elements of SIF Sensors Logic Solvers Final Elements

Overpressure of a vessel Tube rupture Flame-out in an incinerator


Designing SIS

Considering all the engineering practices being carried out in the process

The materials being used in the process Identifying the hazardous events related to that particular

process What SIL level has been suggested for any particular process? Keeping in mind the environment, requirement and outcomes of

the process The engineering practice of bringing every particular hazard to

safe state The use of suitable instruments for that particular process


Analyzing SIS

Testing the design theoretically What factors might effect the system’s working? The probability of these factors, that might appear at any stage

during the process Does your system fails in a safe manner? The tolerance of safety system towards fault/failures Making sure if the safety process has the outcome of what is

required The feasibility and availability of instruments recommended in

the design Computing the cost of the system, if it is economical in the

budget


Implementing SIS

Use of “Certified” or “prior to use” Instruments Proper installation of system


Probability of Failure on Demand (PFD)

Knowing how a SIS system can fail Analyzing the cause of failure Documented and Historical failure rate data PFD for the system – Sum of PFDs of each Component Test Interval (TI)


SIS Architecture

SIF Architecture is decided by the failure tolerance of its components Failure Tolerance

Refers to how much the system is tolerant towards failure Safety: Safety function can still be carried out in the presence of

failure Plant availability: Plant can still carry on functioning in the presence

of one failure

A system design that allows the system to continue performing even when one of its component is failing

The three commonest architectures: Simplex or voting 1oo1 (1 out of 1) Duplex or voting 1oo2 or 2oo2 Triplex or voting 2oo3


Redundancy

Use of multiple elements or system to perform the same function Identical Elements Diverse Elements Common cause failures Diverse redundancy uses a different technology, design,

manufacture and software etc. reducing the common cause failure


Typical Examples of SIS

Emergency Shutdown System Fire and Gas System Safety Shutdown System Safety Interlock System


Emergency Shutdown System

To minimize the consequences of emergency situations Uncontrolled Flooding Escape of Hydrocarbons Outbreak of Fire in hydrocarbons carrying areas

Typical Actions Shutdown of part systems and equipment Isolation of processes that can lead to hazardous event Prevent escalation of events Stop Hydrocarbon Flow Depressurizing or Ventilation System


Levels of Emergency Shutdown System

A classification of shutdown into group which is categorized by intention priority

Shutdown level hierarchy LEVEL-1: Unit Shutdown (USD) LEVEL-2: Process Shutdown (PSD) LEVEL-3: Emergency Shutdown (ESD) LEVEL-4: Emergency Depressurize Shutdown (EDP)


FIRE AND GAS SYSTEM

Part of control and safety systems Monitoring all areas of the field for abnormal conditions Providing information to the operator on demand Fire Detectors

Smoke Detectors Flame Detectors

Gas Detectors Toxic Gas Detectors Combustible Gas Detectors


Objectives of Fire and Gas System

Detecting at an early stage The presence of flammable gas The liquid spill Incipient fire and presence of fire

Initiating environmental changes to keep liquids below their Flash Point

Initiating signals to warn of the detecting hazards Automatic Shutdown and Ventilation Exhausting system


Safety Shutdown System

Potential of hazardous event to put other facilities in danger Safety Shutdown System will shutdown the facilities to ensure

their safety The system might also be fed by signals from the main F&G

system Automated or Manual control


Safety Interlock System

System that prevents a process from an inappropriate maneuver Helps prevent a machine from harming the operator or damaging

itself by stopping the machine when tripped Switches, keys or locks

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