By : Gihan Aboueleish

Presentation Skills

Gihan aboueleish

Learning Objectives What is Communication ?

The Communication Cycle

Impact of a message

Styles of Communication

Body Language.

What is a skill?

Listening Skills.

Designing Effective PowerPoint Presentation.

Types of Instructional Tools.

Some “Presentation” as application.

Some Final WordsGihan aboueleish

Why Communication ..?

Communication Miss-communication Communication Skills.

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What is Communication?

The dictionary defines communication as

a process by which information is

exchanged between individuals through a

common system of symbols, signs or

behaviors.

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Functions of Communication

Control

Motivation

Emotional Expression

Information

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Communication Process ;municatio

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Communication Cycle

Sender Receiver

Message

Various Channel

Feedback

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Cultural Difference “video”

Types of Communication

Postures & movements

Facial expressions

GesturesDiction

Clear Linguistics

Tone

Volume

Rate

Types

Verbal Non - Verbal

Words Voice Modulation

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Barriers to Effective Communication

Filtering

Selective Perception

Emotions

Language

Culture

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Cultural Misunderstanding “Video”

Key Communication Skills

Listening Skills

Feedback Skills

Presentation skills

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Verbal Communication

Words

Use Simple Language (avoid jargon)

Grammatically correct Avoid slang Be precise (avoid redundancy)

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Don’t DoI can’t do this…I can’t help you…I don’t know…

I’ll check it for you…

You don’t understand…You are wrong…

Let me explain…

I think… I suggest…

Please listen to me.. I recommend…

You will have to… In order to complete the process we will need to…

Just a second…Hold on…

May I place you on hold…

“No” in the beginning of the sentence I am afraid...I would love to do it however…

What? What did u say? Pardon Me…Could you please repeat…

But However

We can’t do… What we can do is…

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Facial Expressions

Eye Communication 90% of our personal communication calls for

involvement. Look at people for 5 to 10 seconds before looking away,

it shows involvement.

Smile

It improves your face value !!

Non – Verbal Communication

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Gestures

Are you aware how you look to others?

Find out your habits

Find your nervous gestures

Non – Verbal Communication

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Posture And Movement

Stand Tall.

The difference between towering and cowering is totally a matter of inner posture.

It’s got nothing to do with height, it costs nothing and its more fun.

Non – Verbal Communication

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Impact of a Message

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Impact of a Message

-

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How Does Body Speak?

- Like any spoken language, body language has words, sentences and punctuation.

- - Each gesture is like a single

word and one word may have several different meanings.

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Let’s Examine How Body Communicates, from head to toes

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- Nodding the head

- “Yes” in most societies

- “No” in some parts of Greece, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and Turkey

- Tossing the head backward

- “yes” in Thailand, the Philippines, India, Laos

- Rocking head slowly, back and forth

- “yes, I’m listening” in most Asian cultures

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HEAD

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FACE

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* Eye contacts

- Encouraged in America, Canada, Europe

- Rude in most Asian countries and in Africa

* Raising eyebrows

- “Yes” in Thailand and some Asian countries

- “Hello” in the Philippines

* Winking eye

- Sharing secret in America and Europe

- flirtatious gesture in other countries

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EYES

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* Ear grasp- “I’m sorry.” in parts of India

* Cupping the ear- “I can’t hear you.” in all societies

* Pulling ear- “You are in my heart” for Indians

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EARS

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*Holding the nose

- “Something smells bad.” universal

*Nose tap

- “It’s confidential.” England- “Watch out!” or "Be careful.” Italy

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NOSE

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* Pointing to nose

- “It’s me.” Japan

* Blowing nose

- In most Asian countries, blowing the nose at social gathering is ‘disgusting.’

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NOSE

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Whistle, yawn, smile, bite, point, sneeze, spit, kiss..

* Kiss. In parts of Asia, kissing is considered an intimate sexual act and not permissible in public, even as a social greeting.

* Kissing sound. To attract attention in the Philippines, to beckon a waiter in Mexico.

* Finger tip kiss. In France, it conveys several messages, “That’s good!” “That’s great!” “That’s beautiful!.”

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LIPS AND MOUTH

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Cultural Shock “Video”

Lip pointing (a substitute for pointing with the hand or finger) is common among Filipinos, Native Americans and many Latin Americans.

Open mouth. Any display of the open mouth is considered very rude in most countries.

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THE LIP POINTING

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Some cultures, like the Italians, use the arms freely. Others, like the Japanese, are more reserved; it is considered impolite for broad movements of the arms.

Folding arms are interpreted by some social observers as a form of excluding self, “I am taking a defensive posture,” or “I disagree with what I am hearing.”

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ARMS

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Of all the body parts, the hands are probably used most for communicating non-verbally.

Hand waves are used for greetings, beckoning, or farewells.

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HANDS

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The Italian “good-bye” wave can be interpreted by Americans as the gesture of “come here.”

The American “good-bye” wave can be interpreted in many parts of Europe and Latin America as the signal for “no.”

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HANDS

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Beckoning.

The American way of getting attention (raising a hand with the index finger raised above head) could be considered rude in Japan, and also means “two” in Germany.

The American “come here” gesture could be seen as an insult in most Asian countries.

In China, to beckon a waiter to refill your tea, simply turn your empty cup upside down.

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HANDS (Cont’d)

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Right hand. The right hand has special significance in many societies. In certain countries in the Middle East and in Asia, it is best to present business cards or gifts, or to pass dishes of food, to get an attention, using only the right hand or both.

Left hand is considered unclean in much of the Middle East and in parts of Indonesia.

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HANDS (Cont’d)

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The “O.K.” signal. (the thumb and forefinger form a circle) means “fine,” or “O.K.” in most cultures,

“zero” or “worthless” in some parts of Europe

“money” in Japan

an insult in Greece, Brazil, Italy, Turkey, Russia and some other countries

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FINGERS

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FINGERS (Cont’d)

Pointing. Pointing with the index finger

is common in North America and Europe.

But it is considered impolite in Japan and China where they favor using the whole open hand.

Malaysians prefer pointing with the thumb.

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In Asia, do not point with your toes. In Asia and some European countries, putting

feet up on a desk or any other piece of furniture is very disrespectful.

Sitting cross-legged, while common in North America and some European countries, is very impolite in other parts of the world.

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LEGS AND FEET

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Walking can reflect many characteristics of a culture. For example,In parts of Asia and some of the Middle Eastern

countries, men who are friends may walk holding each other’s hand.

In Japan and Korea, older women commonly walk a pace or two behind male companion.

Asians often regard Western women as bold and aggressive, for they walk with a longer gait.

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WALKING

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Thank you

Communication & presentation Skills

Presented by : gihan aboueleish

Contents;

Feedback skills

Developing feedback skills.

Communication types.

Application.

Skills Definition.

Listening skills.

Listening types.

Effective Listening.

Barrier to effective listening.

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Feedback Skills

Positive vs. Negative Feedback

Positive feedback is more readily and accurately perceived than negative feedback.

Positive feedback fits what most people wish to hear and already believe about themselves.

Negative feedback is most likely to be accepted when it comes from a credible source if it is objective in form.

Subjective impressions carry weight only when they come from a person with high status and credibility

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Developing Effective Feedback Skills

Focus on specific behaviors.Keep feedback impersonalKeep feedback goal orientedMake feedback well timedEnsure understandingDirect feedback toward behavior that is

controllable by the recipient

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Group Think

Phenomena in which the norm for consensus overrides the realistic appraisal of alternative course of action

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Aggressive communication

Submissive communication

Assertive communication

Styles Of Communication

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Aggressive communication

Those who communicate in an aggressive manner are generally perceived as selfish and unwilling to compromise. This style is usually linked to a desire to hurt others or exact revenge, or may reflect poor emotional development.

It usually attacks the other person instead of expressing a need:

Ex; "You never spend any time with me“ versus

"I need to spend more time with you".

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Passive Communication

Passive communication is based on compliance and hopes to avoid confrontation at all costs. In this mode we don't talk much, question even less, and actually do very little. We just don't want to rock the boat. Passives have learned that it is safer not to react and better to disappear than to stand up and be noticed.

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Assertive communication

The most effective and healthiest form of communication. It's how we naturally express ourselves when our self-esteem is intact, giving us the confidence to communicate without games and manipulation.

When we are being assertive, we work hard to create mutually satisfying solutions. We communicate our needs clearly. We care about the relationship and insist for a win/win situation. We know our limits and refuse to be pushed beyond them just because someone else wants or needs something from us. Surprisingly, assertive is the style most people use least.

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Situations

Have a look at these situations and decide how......an aggressive person would react

Situation # 01.

Situation # 02.

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Situations

You are trying to concentrate on some important work. However, a few of your co-workers are laughing and horsing around. What do you do?

You are the head of your department. A young lady who works for you has started coming to work late everyday and is extremely moody. What do you do?

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What is a Skill?

Skill is defined as a learned power of doing something competently.

It is a developed

aptitude or ability.

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Listening Skills

An open ear is the only believable sign of an open heart.

David Augsburger

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Types of Listening

Listening are of 3 types:

Hearing

Passive listening

Active listening

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Barriers to Active Listening

Environmental barriers Physiological barriers Psychological barriers Selective Listening Negative Listening Attitudes Personal Reactions Poor Motivation

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Ineffective listening “Video”

Pseudo listening pretending to listenStage hogging the receiver is more concerned with making his own point than understanding the speaker

Insulated Listening this listener fails to hear or acknowledge the speaker when they don't want to discuss a topic and the speaker starts talking about the subject anyway

Defensive Listening - this listener thinks the speaker is out to get them and reads into every word that is being said to try to decipher if they feel it is a personal insult

Ambushing gathering information to use against you when you finish speaking

Insensitive Listening the speaker is communicating more than the words that are actually spoken

How to Be an Effective Listener

What You Think about Listening ?

Understand the complexities of listening

Prepare to listen

Adjust to the situation

Focus on ideas or key points

Capitalize on the speed differential

Organize material for learning

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How to Be an Effective Listener (cont.)

What You Feel about Listening ?

Want to listen

Delay judgment

Admit your biases

Don’t tune out “dry” subjects

Accept responsibility for understanding

Encourage others to talk

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How to Be an Effective Listener (cont.)

What You Do about Listening ?

Establish eye contact with the speaker

Take notes effectively

Be a physically involved listener

Avoid negative mannerisms

Exercise your listening muscles

Follow the Golden Rule

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Be calm and collected at all times

Be loud enough to be easily heard

Use words with accurate diction & correct pronunciation

Speak slowly and make use of pauses to stress important ideas.

Important Details

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Use a confident tone and a level clear vocabulary.

Be vibrant and enthusiastic – avoid a dull, monotonous tone.

Know what you are talking about and accept the limitations of your knowledge.

Important Details

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Finally, remember that

interpersonal communication is a

multitude of skills. Also remember

that skills can be learned and

practiced. It is our hope that you are

on your way to mastering the

ART OF COMMUNICATION.

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Assignment

Create a presentation about ;- Motivating people in boring jobs- Media Influence on Egyptian. - How social network influenced every person in society .- Steve Jobs ; Personality traits and their effects on the overall personality.- Arabian Facebook !- Deforestation and its negative impact for the future- Movies and their impact on mindsets- Advertising may influence the consumer behavior.- Ethics in science …is a barrier or helper ?- Current lifestyle evil.- Technology impact. - HSCB think global & act local. - The Bermuda Triangle Is A Myth.- Persuade the audience to elect you “President of Egypt”- CRM – holy grail or holy smoke

Your presentation should not exceed 15 Min with Maximum 20 slides.

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Designing Effective “PowerPoint Presentations”

By : Gihan aboueleish

Contents ;

Presentation skills.

Preparation/ Planning & audience analysis.

Structure the presentation.

preparing closing.

Effective delivery

Handling questions

Tips for public presentations.

Discussing the assigned presentation & Finalizing the course.

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Presentation Skills

Ideas, concepts or issues talked about or spoken to a group or audience

Public speaking is one of the most feared things

“I could make such a fool of myself”

Skills required to give a good presentation can be developed “ Preparation is the Key”

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Presentation Skills

* Preparation/ Planning is the first step on the ladder to success

* Aspects in the development of a good presentation* Self Centered (Self)

* Audience Centered (Audience)

* Subject Centered (Material)

* “I want (who) to (what) (where, when and how) because (why)”

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Presentation Skills

Helpers

What do you want to present (content)?

Why do you want to present (purpose)?

Where will you be presenting (place)?

How do you want to present (words to be used or not, slides to be used)

Who is your audience?

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Presentation Skills

Preparation: Audience Analysis

What is the audience interested in What does the audience want What does the audience already know and needs to

know What are their needs, expectations from this

presentation How will the audience benefit from this presentation

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Presentation Skills

Structuring the presentation

Opening/Beginning

Middle section

Closing/End

5 min. , Questions

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Presentation Skills

The Beginning

- Should be carefully designed.

Get attention

- shock, humor, question, story, facts &figures

Motivate audience to listen

- listen to their needsGihan aboueleish

Presentation Skills

Preparation – Structure

Sequence should be logical & understandable

Summaries- Recaps

Value of visual aids-flip charts, handouts etc.

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Presentation Skills

Prepare Closing;

Last 2 to 2.5 minutes are as critical as the first five minutes for a successful presentation

Summarize- highlight important points Suggest action- what to do and when,

where and how to do itGihan aboueleish

Presentation Skills

Effective Delivery

Be active - move

Be purposeful - controlled gestures

Variations – vocal (pitch, volume, rate)

Be natural

Be direct – don’t just talk in front of the audience talk to them

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Presentation Skills

Handling Questions

Do not get confused

You are not supposed to know everything

Anticipate and keep answers ready

Sometime questions themselves give you a lead to highlight your point of view

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Presentation Skills

Visual Aids;

While using an over head projector face the audience while talking

Point with a pen Appropriate lighting Watch the colors Ensure clear visibility 06 lines, 07 words per line

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Presentation Skills

So to conclude :

Always prepare & practice.

Control your fear.

Interact with your audience

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Tips for public presentation “Video”

Discussing the assigned presentations.

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Thank you

Communication & presentation Skills

Presented by : gihan aboueleish

Contents;

Designing effective PowerPoint presentation.

In summery.

When presenting.

Closing remarks.

Discussing the assigned presentations.

Finalizing the course.

Designing Effective PowerPoint Presentation

SimpleConsistent

Clear

Big Progressive

Summary

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Make It BigGihan aboueleish

Make it Big (Text)

This is Arial 12

This is Arial 18

This is Arial 24

This is Arial 32

This is Arial 36

This is Arial 44

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Make it Big (Text)

This is Arial 12

This is Arial 18

This is Arial 24

This is Arial 32

This is Arial 36

This is Arial 44

Too Small

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Make It Big (How to Estimate)

Look at it from 2 metres away2 m

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Keep It Simple

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Keep It Simple (Text)

Too many coloursToo Many Fonts and StylesThe 6 x 7 rule

No more than 6 lines per slide

No more than 7 words per line

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Keep It Simple (Text)

Instructional Technology:A complex integrated process involving people, procedures, ideas, devices, and organization, for analyzing problems and devising, implementing, evaluating, and managing solutions to those problems in situations in which learning is purposive and controlled(HMRS 5th ed.)

Too detailed !

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Keep It Simple (Text)

A process involving people, procedures & tools

for solutions

to problems in learning

(HMRS 5th ed.)

Instructional Technology:

Much Simpler

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Falling Leaves Observed

Delhi Mumbai Goa

January 11,532,234 14,123,654 3,034,564

February 1,078,456 12,345,567 16,128,234

March 17,234,778 6,567,123 16,034,786

April 16,098,897 10,870,954 7,940,096

May 8,036,897 10,345,394 14,856,456

June 16,184,345 678,095 4,123,656

July 8,890,345 15,347,934 18,885,786

August 8,674,234 18,107,110 17,230,095

September 4,032,045 18,923,239 9,950,498

October 2,608,096 9,945,890 5,596,096

November 5,864,034 478,023 6,678,125

December 12,234,123 9,532,111 3,045,654

Too detailed !

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Falling Leaves in Millions

In 106 Delhi Mumbai Goa

January 11 14 3

February 1 12 16

March 17 6 16

April 16 10 7

May 8 10 14

June 16 0 4

July 8 15 18

August 8 18 17

September 4 18 9

October 2 9 5

November 5 0 6

December 12 9 3

Much Simpler

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Falling Leaves

Too detailed !

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Falling Leaves

Much Simpler

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Keep It Simple (Picture)

Art work may distract your audience

Artistry does not substitute for content

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Keep It Simple (Sound)

Sound effects may distract too

Use sound only when necessary

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Keep It Simple (Transition)

This transition is annoying, not enhancing

"Appear" and "Disappear" are better

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Keep It Simple (Animation)

2 m

Simple & to the point

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Make It Clear

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Make It Clear (Capitalisation)

ALL CAPITAL LETTERS ARE DIFFICULT TO READ

Upper and lower case letters are easier

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Make It Clear (Fonts)

Times/Arial ZSerifZbusyclear

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Make It Clear (Fonts)

Serif or Script fonts are difficult to read on screen

Arial or Times fonts are clearer

Italics are difficult to read on screen

Normal or bold fonts are clearer

Underlines may signify hyperlinks

Instead, use colours to emphasise

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Make It Clear (Numbers)

Use numbers for lists with sequence

For example:

How to put an elephant into a fridge?

1. Open the door of the fridge

2. Put the elephant in

3. Close the door

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Make It Clear (Numbers)

How to put a giraffe into a fridge?

1. Open the door of the fridge

2. Take out the elephant

3. Put the giraffe in

4. Close the door

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Make It Clear (Bullets)

Use bullets to show a list without

Priority

Sequence

Hierarchy, …..

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Make It Clear (Colours)

Use contrasting colours

Light on dark vs. dark on light

Use complementary colours

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Make It Clear (Contrast)

Use contrasting colours

Light on dark vs dark on light

Use complementary colours

low contrast

high contrast

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Make It Clear (Contrast)

Use contrasting colours

Light on dark vs dark on light

Use complementary colours

This is light on dark

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Make It Clear (Contrast)

Use contrasting colours Light on dark vs dark on lightUse complementary colours

This is dark on light

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Make It Clear (Complement)

Use contrasting colours

Light on dark vs dark on light Use complementary colours

These colours do not complement

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Make It Clear (Complement)

Use contrasting colours

Light on dark vs dark on light

Use complementary colours

These colours complement

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Make It Clear (Size)

Size implies importance

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Make It Clear (Size)

Size implies importance

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Make It Clear (Focal Points)

Focal points direct attention

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Make It Clear (Focal Points)

Focal points direct attention

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Be Progressive

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Complexity of Interactions

Mode o f Inst ruction

Individual Pair Group

DirectInstruction

GuidedInquiry

DiscoveryLearning

IndividualInstructive

Tools

IndividualConstructive

Tools

SocialConstructive

Tools

SocialCommunicative

Tools

Informational Tools

Types of Instructional Tools

Too many in one go!

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Complexity of Interactions

Mode o f Inst ruction

Individual Pair Group

DirectInstruction

GuidedInquiry

DiscoveryLearning

IndividualInstructive

Tools

IndividualConstructive

Tools

SocialConstructive

Tools

SocialCommunicative

Tools

Informational Tools

Types of Instructional Tools

Progressive & thus focused

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Understanding Technology

Floppy disk

User interface

CPU

I/O Error

Backup system

Software

Mouse

Debugger

Function key

Main Storage

Too many & not focused

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Understanding Technology

Floppy disk

User interface

CPU

I/O Error

Backup system

Software

Mouse

Debugger

Function key

Main Storage

Progressive & thus focused

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Be Consistent

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Be Consistent

Differences draw attention

Differences may imply importance

Use surprises to attract not distract

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Be Consistent

Differences draw attention

Differences may imply importance

Use surprises to attract not distract

This tick draws attention

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Be Consistent

Differences draw attention

Differences may imply importance

o Use surprises to attract not distract

These differences distract!

Gihan aboueleish

Be Consistent

Differences draw attention

Differences may imply importance

Use surprises to attract not distract

This implies importance

Gihan aboueleish

Be Consistent

Differences draw attention

Differences may imply importance

Use surprises to attract not distract

Confusing differences!Gihan aboueleish

Be Consistent

Differences draw attention

Differences may imply importance

Use surprises to attract not distract

This surprise attracts

Gihan aboueleish

Be Consistent

Differences draw attention

Differences may imply importance

Use surprises to attract not distract

These distract!

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In Summary

Big Simple Clear Progressive Consistent

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When Creating

Text to support the communication

Pictures to simplify complex concepts

Animations for complex relationships

Visuals to support, not to distract

Sounds only when absolutely necessary

Think about the people in the back of the room when creating slides

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When Presenting

Speak loudly and clearly with fluctuation

Direct your words to all aspects of the room

Maintain eye contact with your audience

Ask questions of your audience (if applicable)

Don’t read the slides word-for-word, use them for reference

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Closing Remarks

Practice your presentation before a neutral audience

Ask for feedback Be particular about the time allotted for

presentation

Leave time for questions

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Discussing the assigned presentations & finalize the course.

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Thank You !