presentation iloeu16092009

1 www.ilo.org/ipec International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour

The ILO and its actionagainst Child Labour

International action to promote the rights International action to promote the rights of the child, EU civil society facility, of the child, EU civil society facility,

Brussels, 16.09.09 Brussels, 16.09.09


SummarySummary

Latest Global Estimates (2006)Rights and Standards

Convention No.138 (Minimum Age) Convention No.182 (Worst Forms of Child Labour)

IPEC Programme Partners Philosophy and objectives Time-Bound Programme approach

The global crisis and child labour


Latest Global Estimates (1)Latest Global Estimates (1)

Age groups:

246 million

218million2004

2000

0 50 100 150 200 250

(millions)

5-14 15-17

186 59

166 52

Global trends in child labour by age group and year


Latest Global Estimates (2)Latest Global Estimates (2)

Hazardous

170 million

126 million

2004

2000

0 50 100 150 200

(millions)

5-14 15-17

111 59

74 52

Hazardous

Global trends in hazardous work by age group and year


Latest global estimates (3) Latest global estimates (3)

Asia and the Pacific

2000 2004

19.418.8

16.1

5.16.8

5.2

28.8

26.4

Latin America & Caribbean

Other regions

Sub-Saharan Africa

30

20

10

0

Regional trends in the proportion of working children in the age group 5 – 14 years (%)


UN Convention UN Convention on the Rightson the Rights of the Childof the Child

UN Convention UN Convention on the Rightson the Rights of the Childof the Child

ILO DeclarationILO Declarationon Fundamentalon FundamentalPrinciples andPrinciples andRights at WorkRights at Work

ILO DeclarationILO Declarationon Fundamentalon FundamentalPrinciples andPrinciples andRights at WorkRights at Work

Provides that children beProvides that children beprotected from protected from economiceconomic

exploitationexploitation and work that and work thatthreatens their healththreatens their health

education andeducation anddevelopmentdevelopment

Provides that children beProvides that children beprotected from protected from economiceconomic

exploitationexploitation and work that and work thatthreatens their healththreatens their health

education andeducation anddevelopmentdevelopment

Declares the effectiveDeclares the effectiveabolition of childabolition of child

labourlabour as a social pillar as a social pillarof the global economyof the global economy

Declares the effectiveDeclares the effectiveabolition of childabolition of child

labourlabour as a social pillar as a social pillarof the global economyof the global economy

ILO Minimum AgeConvention, No. 138

ILO Worst Forms of Child LabourConvention, No. 182

International Principles and RightsInternational Principles and Rights


ILO Minimum Age

Convention

No. 138 (154 ratifications, 09/2009)

Requires a national policy for theeffective abolition of child labour(Art. 1)

Requires a specification of minimumage > end of compulsory education(Art. 2)

GeneralGeneral Exceptions forExceptions fordeveloping countriesdeveloping countries

Basic Minimum AgeBasic Minimum Age (Art. 2) (Art. 2) 15 years15 years 14 years14 years

Hazardous workHazardous work (Art. 3) (Art. 3) 18 years18 years NO EXCEPTIONNO EXCEPTION(16 years conditionally)(16 years conditionally)

Light workLight work (Art. 7) (Art. 7) 13-15 years13-15 years 12-14 years12-14 years

GeneralGeneral Exceptions forExceptions fordeveloping countriesdeveloping countries

Basic Minimum AgeBasic Minimum Age (Art. 2) (Art. 2) 15 years15 years 14 years14 years

Hazardous workHazardous work (Art. 3) (Art. 3) 18 years18 years NO EXCEPTIONNO EXCEPTION(16 years conditionally)(16 years conditionally)

Light workLight work (Art. 7) (Art. 7) 13-15 years13-15 years 12-14 years12-14 years

Convention No. 138Convention No. 138


ILO Worst Formsof Child Labour Convention

No. 182 and its Recommendation

No. 190

A new A new global causeglobal cause

Calls for immediate Calls for immediate action to eliminateaction to eliminatethe worst forms of the worst forms of

child labour child labour as a as a matter of urgencymatter of urgency

PRE-AMBULE OF CONVENTION:PRE-AMBULE OF CONVENTION: « ..child labour is to a great extent caused by « ..child labour is to a great extent caused by poverty and (..) the long-term solution lies inpoverty and (..) the long-term solution lies in sustained economic growth leading to socialsustained economic growth leading to social progress, in particular poverty alleviation andprogress, in particular poverty alleviation and universal education.. »universal education.. »

Convention No.182 and its 10th AnniversaryConvention No.182 and its 10th Anniversary

Ratification Ratification

by by 171171 States Statesas of September as of September

20092009


C 182: coverageC 182: coverage

All sectors of economic activityGirls and boys under 18 yearsSpecial attention for most

vulnerable e.g. minority groups, very young and girls

Worst forms of child labour as priority target for action


Worst Forms of Child LabourWorst Forms of Child Labour

a)a) Children in slavery, forced or Children in slavery, forced or compulsory labour, child traffickingcompulsory labour, child trafficking

Including forced recruitment for use in Including forced recruitment for use in armed conflictarmed conflict

b)b) Children in prostitution and Children in prostitution and pornographypornography

c)c) Children in illicit activitiesChildren in illicit activitiesd)d) Children in hazardous workChildren in hazardous work


C182: Obligations (summary)C182: Obligations (summary)

Determine and map Determine and map hazardous workhazardous work

Establish Establish monitoring monitoring mechanismsmechanisms

Design/implement Design/implement programmes of actionprogrammes of action

Develop Develop time bound time bound measuresmeasures

Enhance Enhance international international cooperationcooperation

To take To take immediateimmediate and and effectiveeffectivemeasures to prohibit andmeasures to prohibit and

eliminate the worst forms ofeliminate the worst forms ofchild labour as a matter ofchild labour as a matter of

urgency (Art. 1)urgency (Art. 1)


C182 in relation with C138C182 in relation with C138

C182 complements C182 complements C138:C138:

Convention No. 138 aims at Convention No. 138 aims at all formsall forms of child labour of child labour

Convention No. 182 aims at Convention No. 182 aims at the worst forms of child the worst forms of child labourlabour as a matter of as a matter of prioritypriority


What is child labour to be abolished?What is child labour to be abolished?

Children between the minimum age

and 18

Children between 12/13 and the minimum age

Children below 12/13 years of

age

Work excluded from minimum age legislation

Light workNon-hazardous,

non-lightwork

Hazardous work(and also other worst forms of child labour)

Shaded area = child labour for abolition

14/15/16 <minimum working age>

12/13

18

C138

C182


Government, employers, workersGovernment, employers, workersGovernment, employers, workersGovernment, employers, workers

UN-system and IGOs,in particular UNICEFUN-system and IGOs,in particular UNICEF

International and regionaldevelopment banks (e.g. World Bank)

International and regionaldevelopment banks (e.g. World Bank)

NGOs (International,

regional, nationaland local )

NGOs (International,

regional, nationaland local )

Private sector(buisiness)

Private sector(buisiness)

Universities, judiciary,media, parliamentarians,

health and religiousorganizations and/or

institutions

Universities, judiciary,media, parliamentarians,

health and religiousorganizations and/or

institutions

Community-basedorganizations

(local schools, doctors,teachers, chiefs

and others)

Community-basedorganizations

(local schools, doctors,teachers, chiefs

and others)

Children andtheir familiesChildren andtheir families

Committed individualsCommitted individuals

Partners and alliancesPartners and alliances


Child LabourChild LabourChild LabourChild Labour

PovertyPovertyPovertyPoverty

Poverty causes child labour and child labour causes poverty !!

EDUCATION EDUCATION

To break the cycle !!

Child labour and PovertyChild labour and Poverty


Combatingchild

labour

Combatingchild

labour

OperationsOperationsOperationsOperationsKnowledgeKnowledge/Advocacy/Advocacy

KnowledgeKnowledge/Advocacy/Advocacy

Programmes and ProjectsProgrammes and Projectsin the fieldin the field

Programmes and ProjectsProgrammes and Projectsin the fieldin the field

Awareness at local, nationalAwareness at local, nationaland international leveland international level

Awareness at local, nationalAwareness at local, nationaland international leveland international level

IPEC: Philosophy and objectives IPEC: Philosophy and objectives


Clear goals – specific targets – defined time frameClear goals – specific targets – defined time frame

Definition: A set of integrated &

coordinated policies & programmes to prevent & eliminate a country’s worst forms of

child labour within a defined period of time.

Operates at many levels: international, national, provincial, community, individual/family.

Addresses root causes of WFCL.

Links to national development effort.

Emphasis on “country ownership”.

What is the Time-Bound Programme?What is the Time-Bound Programme?


The global crisis and child labourThe global crisis and child labour

Unique dimensions of present global crisis Impact on developing and vulnerable economies Coping mechanisms of vulnerable households Scarce empirical evidence on schooling and

child labour from previous economic shocks Implications for policy and follow-up action by

ILO/IPEC Decent work agenda (ILO Declaration on Social

Justice for a Fair Globalisation, June 2008)


The global crisis and child labourThe global crisis and child labour

ILO Global Jobs Pact, adopted by the ILC through tripartite consensus on 19.06.09 amongst 183 delegations (183 ILO Member states): EU played an active role through the EU coordination

at ILC Decent work response to the crisis: action at national,

regional and global level Also request by G 20 April 2009 Summit Part of UN system response to the crisis (CEB issues

paper)


Some required policy measuresSome required policy measures

Principles and menu of measures for responding to the crisis taking into account national priorities and needs e.g.: Prevent an erosion of progress in eliminating child

labour Re-prioritize expenditures to benefit the poor and

vulnerable (“Social Stimulus”) Broadening coverage of social protection systems Mitigate the effects on labour markets and education

systems Promoting youth employment


ILO action on elimination of child labour in Europe


In EU: all 27 EU MS have ratified Conventions 138 and 182

(as well as the 6 other CLS conventions; most EU 27 have ratified other up to date priority conventions)

EU 1993 Directive on protection of young workers, including minimum age

European social fund and EU social protection and social inclusion strategy (specific and general approach)

Past initiatives in Portugal and ongoing initiatives in Romania, Bulgaria (Decent work country programmes in past and now decent work agenda)




EU candidate, potential candidate countries and some ENP ILO action in Albania, Kosovo-UNMIK, Moldova,

Ukraine See ILO note: 17.000 child labourers and children at risk have

received direct services from ILO IPEC (no EU funds, bilateral funds from Germany, US).

ILO action in Turkey: EU pre-access financial assistance 2005-2007 funded ILO

IPEC programme other funds intervened to support the ILO-Turkey 1992-2006

long term strategic action plan as well as other ongoing action Child labour survey (2007): 958.000 children between 6 and 17

age engaged in economic activity; 502.000 in rural economy), in 1994 2.269.0000 children at work


EU support for ILO action on child labour in the world

EU support for ILO action on child labour in the world

EU action on the rights of children: June 2009 EU Forum was dealing with child labour

Development and external aid: mainly Africa (ACP), EU- LAC social cohesion initative, some initiatives in Asia (e.g.

Pakistan) EU trade and trade related policy: GSP and GSP plus,

bilateral agreements

Broader decent work agenda: growing EU support for a broader approch e.g. skills development, extending social protection coverage


International Programme on the International Programme on the Elimination of Child LabourElimination of Child Labour

4, Route des Morillons4, Route des MorillonsCH-1211 Geneva 22CH-1211 Geneva 22

SwitzerlandSwitzerland

Tel.: (+41 - 22) 799 81 81Tel.: (+41 - 22) 799 81 81Fax: (+41 - 22) 799 87 71Fax: (+41 - 22) 799 87 71

E-mail: E-mail: [email protected]@ilo.org

ILO Brussels websiteILO Brussels websitewww.ilo.org/brusselswww.ilo.org/brusselsChild labour website:Child labour website:

http://www.ilo.org/childlabourhttp://www.ilo.org/childlabour

For more information: please contactFor more information: please contactFor more information: please contactFor more information: please contact

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

presentation iloeu16092009

Education