PRESENTATION ON PRESENTATION ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT: DISASTER MANAGEMENT:

BY BY

BRIG (Dr) B.K. KHANNA, BRIG (Dr) B.K. KHANNA, SENIOR SPECIALIST (LCD) SENIOR SPECIALIST (LCD)

NATIONAL DISASTER NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITYMANAGEMENT AUTHORITY

PREVIEW

1. Disturbing Trends of Disasters and their Impact on India.

2. Factors Responsible for Increasing Number of Disasters.

3. Lessons Learnt from Recent Disasters.

4. Disaster Management Cycle.

5. Hazard Vulnerability of India.

6. Disaster Management Act, 2005.

7. Charter and Vision of NDMA.

8. Organisation of NDMA.

9. National Disaster Response Force.

10. Role of Armed Forces in Disaster Management.

11. Conclusion.

DISTURBING TRENDS OF DISASTERS

AND

THEIR IMPACT ON INDIA

INDIA

ALASKA

USACHINA

AREA-WISE EVENTS (1975-2001)

DISTRIBUTION OF NATURAL DISASTERS

INDONESIA

JAPAN

DISTRIBUTION OF PEOPLE AFFECTED BY DISASTER (1975-2001)

INDIA

ALASKA

USACHINA

INDONESIA

JAPAN

IMPACT OF MITIGATION & PREPAREDNESS MEASURES

GLOBAL ECONOMIC LOSSES DUE TO DISASTERSGLOBAL ECONOMIC LOSSES DUE TO DISASTERS

1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 1990’s

Note : 1. UN Declared the decade of 1990-1999 as International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction.

2. Losses 1995-1999 - Developed World – 2.5% of GDP. - Developing World – 13.4% of GDP.

*Source www.em-dat.net

Losses Losses in US $ in US $ BillionBillion

PERIODPERIOD

LOSSES DUE TO MAJOR EARTHQUAKESLOSSES DUE TO MAJOR EARTHQUAKES (>6 ON RICHTER SCALE) IN JAPAN & USA (>6 ON RICHTER SCALE) IN JAPAN & USA

(2003 - 2005)(2003 - 2005)

No of No of EarthquakesEarthquakes

KilledKilled InjuredInjured HousesHouses

DestroyedDestroyed DamagedDamaged

JAPANJAPAN

TenTen 3434 10481048 > 496> 496 >3553>3553

USAUSA

SevenSeven 0202 5959 >55>55 >235>235

MAJOR DISASTERS IN INDIA : 1990 - 2005MAJOR DISASTERS IN INDIA : 1990 - 2005YEAR PLACES & DISASTER LOSS OF LIVES

(APPROX)LOSS OF PROPERTY

( Rs Crore) (APPROX)

1991 Uttarkashi

Earthquake 2000 2000

1993 Latur Earthquake 9500 6000

1997 Jabalpur Earthquake 200 5000

1999 Chamoli Earthquake 2000 2000

1999 Orissa S Cyclone 9887 10000

2001 Bhuj Earthquake 14000 13400

2004 SE India Tsunami 15000 10000

2004 Assam & Bihar Floods 700 5000

2005 J&K Avalanche 350 100

2005 Mah, Guj, HP,

Karnataka, T’Nadu

Floods 1569 10300

2005 J&K Earthquakes 1336 1000

Total Losses of Major Disasters only 56542 64800

1. If Average Annual Lives Lost are Added, Figure Will go to More than2. Adding Average Annual Losses, the Figure Will be More than

INDIAINDIA ECONOMIC LOSSES DUE TO DISASTERSECONOMIC LOSSES DUE TO DISASTERS

PERIOD

Annual- Impact on People 1. Losses in lives - 4334.2. People affected - 30 Million.3. Houses lost - 2.34 Million.

36

54

86

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

91 - 95 96 - 00 '01 - 05

50 % 139 %

Losses in Losses in ThousanThousand Crores d Crores

Annual- Financial Losses Percentage of Central Revenue (for relief) – 12%.

FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR INCREASING NUMBER OF INCREASING NUMBER OF DISASTERSDISASTERS

FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR INCREASING NUMBER OF INCREASING NUMBER OF DISASTERSDISASTERS

Population Growth and Urban Development

Development Practices

Climatic changes

Effect of Environmental degradation

Population Growth and Urban Development

Development Practices

Climatic changes

Effect of Environmental degradation

POLAR ICE CAPS ARE MELTING FASTER THAN EVER…

MORE AND MORE LAND IS BEING DEVASTATED BY DROUGHT…

RISING WATERS ARE DROWNING LOW-LYING COMMUNITIES…

VICIOUS CYCLE

GLOBAL WARMING

INUNDATING LOW COASTAL AREAS

BURNING FOSSIL FUELS

AND BURNING FORESTS RELEASE

CARBON

REDUCES OXYGEN AND INCREASES

DROUGHT

MELTING POLAR ICE RAISES SEA

LEVELS

NOW IT IS VERY MUCH EVIDENT THAT CLIMATE DISRUPTIONS FEED OFF ONE ANOTHER IN

ACCELERATING SPIRALS OF DESTRUCTION.

LESSONS LEARNT FROM THE RECENT

DISASTERS

DIVISION OF RESPONSIBILITYDIVISION OF RESPONSIBILITY “ “The country’s Emergency Operations awesome in their potential, are also The country’s Emergency Operations awesome in their potential, are also

frighteningly inter dependent. Locals are in charge till they get frighteningly inter dependent. Locals are in charge till they get overwhelmed. Then they cede control to Feds but not entirely. The Scarier overwhelmed. Then they cede control to Feds but not entirely. The Scarier things get, the fuzzier the lines of Authority become-------Uncertainty things get, the fuzzier the lines of Authority become-------Uncertainty develops at crucial moments-------Leaders are afraid to actually Lead.---”develops at crucial moments-------Leaders are afraid to actually Lead.---”

TIME, 19 September 2005TIME, 19 September 2005

Hurricane Impact(Law & Order)Loss of Property and Lives

State

Overwhelmed

Federal

CHAOS

48 72 24 96

Early warning

PreparednessFed + State Response (Fed + State )

Response

IN HURRICANE RITA THE FEDERAL GOVT GOT INVOLVED FROM THE WARNING STAGE.

HURRICANE KATRINA (US)

BANGLADESH - A SUCCESS STORY BANGLADESH - A SUCCESS STORY IN PREPAREDNESS & RESPONSEIN PREPAREDNESS & RESPONSE

Losses of

Lives

Remarks1. Losses of lives shown for Cyclones with equal Intensity.2. Success as a result of well defined Responsibilities and Coordinated & Efficient Response

Mechanism.

CYCLONES – AREA – COX BAZAAR

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

400000

450000

500000

138,000

127111

500,000

1970 1991 1994 1997

Even when Population had doubled

Existed on Paper But,Enforcement Lacking.Most Crucial Responder -NOT Formally Part of Response Plan.Technological Shortfall -Many Lives Could have Been Saved.

1.1. Mitigation Systems Require Manifold Improvement & should Mitigation Systems Require Manifold Improvement & should be be “Technology Driven”.“Technology Driven”.

2.2. Weakness in Weakness in “Early Warning Systems”“Early Warning Systems” and Dissemination and Dissemination of Information to Far Flung Areas.of Information to Far Flung Areas.

3.3. Decision to Provide Aid :-Decision to Provide Aid :-(a) (a) SlowSlow because of because of ProceduresProcedures..(b) Request from States not backed by (b) Request from States not backed by Proper Proper

Assessment. Assessment. 4.4. States Organizations – Not Geared to States Organizations – Not Geared to Guide Guide & & ReceiveReceive Aid. Aid. 5.5. Disaster Response Resources at State Level – Disaster Response Resources at State Level –

Very InadequateVery Inadequate. .

NATURAL DISASTERS – LESSONS LEARNT

6.6. Non Availability of Specialist EquipmentNon Availability of Specialist Equipment,,(Incl Mobile Field Hospitals).(Incl Mobile Field Hospitals).

7.7. Assistance from NGOs Assistance from NGOs NOT Coordinated & OptimisedNOT Coordinated & Optimised. . 8.8. People - People - Principal ActorsPrincipal Actors -- Focused Public -- Focused Public Awareness Awareness

CampaignCampaign a Must. a Must.9.9. Post Disaster Relief & Reconstruction - Post Disaster Relief & Reconstruction - Lot of GAPS.Lot of GAPS.

10.10. Positive LessonPositive Lesson -- Role of the Armed Forces -- Role of the Armed Forces

NATURAL DISASTERS – LESSONS LEARNT

DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLEDISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE

Emergency Response

Post-disaster: recovery

Preparedness

Prevention/ Mitigation

Reconstruction

Rehabilitation

Response/ Relief

Pre-disaster: risk reduction

Disaster

Emergency Response

Post-disaster: recovery

Preparedness

Prevention/ Mitigation

Reconstruction

Rehabilitation

Response/ Relief

Pre-disaster: risk reduction

Disaster

DISASTER is an event which is –

-generally unpredictable,

-happens instantly or without giving enough time to react

-affecting a large number of people,

-disrupting normal life and leading to a large scale devastation in terms of loss of life and property

-always finding the administration and affected people struggling to respond in the desired manner and

-leaving deep socio-psychological, political and economic after effects which persist for a long time to come.

WHAT IS A DISASTER?

CLASSIFICATION OF DISASTERSCLASSIFICATION OF DISASTERS Natural, Man-made & Human-Natural, Man-made & Human-

inducedinduced

Disasters occur in varied formsDisasters occur in varied forms Some are predictable in advanceSome are predictable in advance Some are annual or seasonal Some are annual or seasonal Some are sudden and unpredictableSome are sudden and unpredictable

Factors leading to a DisasterFactors leading to a Disaster Meteorological, Geological, Ecological or Meteorological, Geological, Ecological or

Environmental, Technological Etc.Environmental, Technological Etc.

NATURAL DISASTERSNATURAL DISASTERS

FloodsFloods EarthquakesEarthquakes CyclonesCyclones DroughtsDroughts Landslides, Pest Attacks, Forest Landslides, Pest Attacks, Forest

Fires, Avalanches etcFires, Avalanches etc

TIME DURATION OF NATURAL TIME DURATION OF NATURAL DISASTERSDISASTERS

Earthquakes -> Earthquakes -> Seconds/minutesSeconds/minutes

Cyclones Cyclones -> Days-> Days

Floods Floods -> Days-> Days

Droughts Droughts -> Months-> Months

PreventionRescue

Structural Measures

Warning and Evacuation

Non-Structural Measures

Planning of Disaster

Response

Reconstruct. &

Recovery

Risk Analysis

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

MITIGATION RESPONSE

Risk Assessment

Preparedness

Hazard Assessment

Vulnerability Analysis Relief

Rehab

LONG TERM MEASURES

Being done efficiently

Needs better PlanningNo Substantial Work

done so far

Note

DISASTER MANAGEMENT CONTINUUM

HAZARD VULNERABILITY

OF INDIA

EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ZONES 2002EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ZONES 2002

Zone V Zone V MM IX or more MM IX or more “ “ IV IV MM VIII MM VIII“ “ III MM VIIIII MM VII

Zone II MM VIZone II MM VI“ “ I MM V or less I MM V or less together now make together now make Zone II MM VI or lessZone II MM VI or lessArea under the zones Area under the zones V V 12% 12% IV IV 18% 18% IIIIII ~27%~27%Total damageable Total damageable

~ 57%~ 57%

V

V

III

V

III

IV

V

IV

WIND & WIND &

CYCLONE CYCLONE

HAZARD HAZARD

ZONES IN ZONES IN

INDIAINDIA

FLOOD FLOOD

HAZARD HAZARD

PRONE PRONE

AREAS AREAS

OF OF

INDIAINDIA

LANDSLIDES LANDSLIDES

ZONATION ZONATION

MAP MAP

OF OF

INDIAINDIA

Severe Risk AreaSevere Risk Area

High Risk AreaHigh Risk Area

Moderate Risk AreaModerate Risk Area

Unlikely OccurrenceUnlikely Occurrence

*Types:*Types: Earthquake,Earthquake, Cyclone,Cyclone, Tsunami,Tsunami, Flood,Flood, Drought &Drought & Landslide.Landslide.

1

4

10

17

*Even though affected only by Drought but suffers heavy *Even though affected only by Drought but suffers heavy Financial Losses averaging Financial Losses averaging Rs. 3 to 8 Thousand Crores,Rs. 3 to 8 Thousand Crores, Annually.Annually.

3

“In order to Coordinate Central Govt efforts in Preparedness, Prevention, Response, Mitigation, Relief and Rehabilitation and for adoption of a Holistic Pro-active Approach to Disaster Management, a NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY has come into being by an Act of Parliament in December 2005 under the Chairmanship of Prime Minister as the NODAL AGENCY for Disaster Management in the Country.”

DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACT, 2005

CABINET COMMITTEE ON MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL

CALAMITIES

HIGH LEVEL COMMITTEE

CABINET COMMITTEE ON SECURITY

NATIONAL CRISIS MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT

NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE

NDMA / NEC

PLANNING COMMISSION

OTHER MINISTRIES/ DEPARTMENTS

ARMED FORCES

MHA

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE

GOVT OF INDIA

NATIONAL DISASTER MITIGATION RESOURCE CENTRE

STATES/ UTs GOVTs

SDMAs

STATE DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE

MINISTRIES/ DEPARTMENTS

DEPARTMENT OF HOME

HOME GUARD

CIVIL DEFENCE

POLICE

DISTRICTS

DEPARTMENTS HOME GUARD CIVIL DEFENCE POLICE & FIRE SERVICESDDMAs

LOCAL BODIES/ AUTHORITIES COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY

FIRE SERVICES

CHARTER – NDMA

AND

VISION

1.1. The ‘National Authority’ shall have the responsibility for The ‘National Authority’ shall have the responsibility for laying down Policies, Plans and Guidelines for Disaster laying down Policies, Plans and Guidelines for Disaster Management for ensuring Timely and Effective Management for ensuring Timely and Effective Response to disasters (Both Natural & Man Made).Response to disasters (Both Natural & Man Made).

2. Coordinate the Enforcement and Implementation of the 2. Coordinate the Enforcement and Implementation of the Policy and Plans for Disaster Management.Policy and Plans for Disaster Management.

3. 3. International Assistance and Cooperation. International Assistance and Cooperation.

PlanPlan ApprovApprovee

CoordCoord MonitoMonitorr

Ensure Ensure ImplementatioImplementationn

CHARTER

“The National Vision is, to build a Safer and Disaster Resilient India, by developing a Holistic, Proactive,

Multi-hazard and Technology-Driven Strategy for DM. This will be achieved through a Culture of Prevention,

Mitigation and Preparedness to generate, a prompt and efficient Response at the time of Disasters. The entire process will Centre-Stage the Community and will be

provided Momentum and Sustenance through Collective efforts of all Government Agencies and Non-

Governmental Organisations.

VISION

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITYCHAIRMAN

(PRIME MINISTER)

VICE CHAIRMAN

CABINET COMMITTEE

ON SECURITYCABINET COMMITTEE ON MANAGEMENT OF

NATURAL CALAMITIES

POLICIES, PREVENTION, MITIGATION & PREPAREDNESSMR. K.M. SINGH

MEMBER

Mr B BHATTACHARJEE

MEMBER

LT. GEN. JRB

MEMBER

MR. M.K.

MEMBER

MR. M. S. REDDY

MEMBER

MR. NVC MENON

MEMBER

SECRETARY NDMA

CAPACITY BUILDING, COMMUNICATIONS & NEOC WING DISASTER MANAGEMENT WING

NATIONAL DISASTER MITIGATION RESOURCE CENTRES

NATIONAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Mrs. P.J RAO

MEMBER

DISASTER MANAGEMENT WING

Financial Advisor

International Cooperation

Mitigation & Preparedness

Policies & Plans

Media & Public Preparedness

PlansPoliciesAccounts & Audits

FinanceProject

Formulation & Preparedness

Project Monitoring

Media & Information

Community Preparedness

CAPACITY BUILDING, COMMUNICATIONS & NEOC

NEOC & CAPACITY BUILDING COMMUNICATIONS,SYS & KM

Operations & Logistics Systems & KMCommunicationsCapacity Building

Control Room Logistics

Coordination

Strategic Planning & Policy

Scenario Building

Operational Commns

Logistics Network

IT & Systems

Knowledge Management

& IDRN Network

NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE

NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE• NDRF consists of 8 battalions, with 144 self sustaining teams for rendering

effective response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster.

• Four battalions are for natural disasters and four for NBC.

• NBC battalions will also be trained in combating natural disasters.

• The force will be equipped with State of the Art equipment and will be deployed in anticipatory manner to provide instantaneous response.

• It will work under NDMA and will be located at nine vulnerable locations.

• They will maintain close liaison with the State Governments and will be available to them automatically, thus, avoiding long procedural delays.

• Four Training Centres have been set up by PMF to train their respective NDRF Battalions.

• They will also meet the requirement of States/ UTs.

• NDRF Battalions will impart basic training to State Disaster Response Force in their respective locations.

NDRF BNS – REGIONAL MITIGATION RESOURCE CENTRES (RMRCS) & TRAINING CENTRES

NDRF BNs/ RMRCs

TRAINING CENTRES

APEX TRAINING CENTRE

LEGEND

CHANDIGARH

GR. NOIDA

½Bn

Each

GANDHINAGAR

PUNE

BHUBANESHWAR

KOLKATA

GUWAHATIPATNA (SSB) ½ Bn

NAGPUR

LATUR

CHENNAI

HYDERABAD

CONSTITUTION OF SPECIALISED SEARCH

AND RESCUE TEAM

Team Commander (Inspector)

Tech. Support

(6)

Adm. Support Team(7)

2 IC/ Ops Officer(Sub Inspector)

Team B(6)

Team C(6)

Team D(6)

Dog Squad(3)

Medical Support

Team(3)

Team A(6)

Total – 45 Personnel

CONSTITUTION OF SEARCH AND RESCUE TEAM FOR NBC EMERGENCIES

Team Commander (Inspector)

Information Officer

(Sub Inspector)

SafetyOfficer

(Sub Inspector)

Dy Team Leader

(Sub Inspector)

Tech. Support

(4)

Detection & Assessment

CumEvacuation

Team (6)

RescueAnd

EvacuationTeam (6)

Rescue and

Evacuation Team (6)

Deconta-mination

Team(6)

Medical Unit

(6)

Adm. Support Team (7)

Total – 45 Personnel

“For Development to be Sustainable,

Disaster Mitigation Must be Built Into

The Planning Process”

“EVERY DISASTER

MUST BE TREATED

AS

AN OPPORTUNITY

TO BUILD BACK BETTER”

DON’T PASS IT

ON

TAKE IT ONTAKE IT ONTAKE IT ON

HAZARDHAZARD

A dangerous condition or events that threaten or have the potential for A dangerous condition or events that threaten or have the potential for causing injury to life or damage to property or the environment. causing injury to life or damage to property or the environment. Hazards are basically grouped in two broad headings:Hazards are basically grouped in two broad headings:

• Natural HazardsNatural Hazards (hazards with meteorological, geological or (hazards with meteorological, geological or biological origin)biological origin)

• Unnatural HazardsUnnatural Hazards (hazards with human-caused or technological (hazards with human-caused or technological origin)origin)

Natural phenomena are extreme Natural phenomena are extreme climatologicalclimatological, , hydrologicalhydrological, or , or geologicalgeological, processes. A massive earthquake in an unpopulated area, is , processes. A massive earthquake in an unpopulated area, is a natural phenomenon, a natural phenomenon, not a hazard. not a hazard. But when these natural But when these natural phenomena interact with the man made habitat, they may cause wide phenomena interact with the man made habitat, they may cause wide spread damage. Then, they become hazardspread damage. Then, they become hazard

VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY

Vulnerability is defined as Vulnerability is defined as "The extent to which a "The extent to which a community, structure, service, or geographic area is community, structure, service, or geographic area is likely to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of likely to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of particular hazard, on account of particular hazard, on account of their naturetheir nature, , constructionconstruction and and proximity to hazardous terrainproximity to hazardous terrain or a or a disaster prone areadisaster prone area.“.“

• Physical vulnerabilityPhysical vulnerability – weak buildings, bridges, service – weak buildings, bridges, service lines, lifeline structures, production units etc.lines, lifeline structures, production units etc.

• Social & Economic vulnerabilitySocial & Economic vulnerability

Human losses in disasters in developing countries are Human losses in disasters in developing countries are seen to be higher when compared to developed countries.seen to be higher when compared to developed countries.

RISKRISK

Risk is a measure of the expected losses (deaths, injuries, Risk is a measure of the expected losses (deaths, injuries, property, economic activity etc) due to a property, economic activity etc) due to a hazardhazard of a of a particular particular magnitude or Intensitymagnitude or Intensity occurring in a given area occurring in a given area over a specific time period.over a specific time period.

• Exposure:Exposure: the value and importance of the various types of the value and importance of the various types of structures and lifeline systems (such as water-supply, structures and lifeline systems (such as water-supply, communication network, transportation network etc in the communication network, transportation network etc in the community serving the population)community serving the population)

HAZARD –VULNERABILITY-

RISK – DISASTER

LESSONS LEARNT – HURRICANE KATRINA

“ And any time you break that cycle of Preparing, Responding, Recovering and Mitigating, you are doomed to failure. And the policies and decision that were implemented by DHS put FEMA on a path to failure.”

-Michael Brown,Director,FEMA

General

1. The Foremost Lesson - all Facets of Disaster Cycle should be under one Agency and not split among Multi-facet Authorities.

Mitigation & Preparedness

2. State’s Sovereignty be maintained in all Phases of Disaster Cycle.

3. Creating Culture of Preparedness at Community level.

4. Integrated Approach (of the Civil and Military efforts) for Preparedness. Coopt

Armed Forces in Disaster Response Plan.

5. Removal of Red Tapism and Bureaucratic Approach. US National Response Plan is elaborate but Failed to Deliver. Need to Rewrite Rationale Response Plan to include, conduct of mock drills periodically, state-of-the-art system in supply chain management of relief supplies and inventory tracking.

6. Training and Equipping of Central Response Force duly backed by trained teams from Armed Forces

7. Safe Houses . Identify shelters, for accommodating evacuees, both in Govt and Private Sector, during Emergencies.

8. Establishment of a Homeland Security University. On the lines of National Defence University, for General Awareness, Training and Research.

9. Use of Experts to find solutions to disaster related issues.

Communications

10. Failure within the DHS and in Communicating Relevant Information to Public, for Early Warning, resulting in all available Federal Assets not being utilised. Need to develop a more Comprehensive Emergency Communication System, to ensure Survivability, Operability, Inter-Operability and Redundancy.

Response

11. Disaster Response Group at Central level to resolve disagreements on Employment of Resources. This Group should also act as Single Window Assistance Access for public.12. Security of Assets by employing Local Law Enforcing Force for Law and Order.

13. Coordination, between:

(a) Search & Rescue and Medical Teams.

(b) State and Central Response Teams

(c) Local (Distt), State and Central Response Teams, to have inter-operable Communication Network.

(d) At State level, Volunteer Coordinators in` State Emergency Operation Centre, for coordinating Volunteer Efforts, like Debris Clearance, etc.

(e) Integrated Command at field level – local Response Units (NationalGuards) and Active Duty Forces (ex Armed Forces) to work in tandem.Mobile Command Field Centre near disaster site (not 80 km away

in Baton Rouge like during Katrina).14. Need for National Emergency Operation Centre at DHS. DHS to have a National Emergency Operations Centre, in addition to White House Situation Room, regardless of whether President & the Secretary DHS are in same place, to maintain flow of information from one agency.15. Integrated Response. Civil and military assets to be combined and employed as one resource and NOT in a graduated manner.

STRATEGIES FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT

1. Change of Focus from Relief Centric to Holistic Approach.

2. Mainstreaming Disaster Management into all National Developmental Programmes.

3. Empowerment of the Community to face the Disaster.

4. Emphasis on Training, Development of Human Capital and Capacity Building.

5. Key Role of Educational and Professional Institutions for Mass Education and Awareness.

6. Upgradation of the Key Responders.

STRATEGIES FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT

7. Supporting and Enabling Mechanisms for the Districts and States.

8. Failsafe Early Warning & Communication Systems.

9. Coordinated, Timely and Effective Response.

10. Involvement of NGOs & Corporate Sectors.

11. Time Bound Action Plan for Earthquakes, Floods & Cyclones.

12. Pro-active Participation at the Regional and International Level.

1.1. Concerned Member of Authority.Concerned Member of Authority.2.2. Concerned Ministry – Representative. Concerned Ministry – Representative. 3.3. Lead/Nodal Organisations/Departments - Lead/Nodal Organisations/Departments - Representatives.Representatives.4.4. Project Team Project Team ((When Study ordered on the When Study ordered on the SubjectSubject).).5.5. Advisors/Experts.Advisors/Experts.6.6. Leading National (Academic – IITs) Leading National (Academic – IITs) Institutions.Institutions.

Secretarial SupportSecretarial Support7.7. Additional Secretary.Additional Secretary.8.8. Joint Secretary Planning.Joint Secretary Planning.

9.9. DDG Strategic Planning.DDG Strategic Planning.

POLICY FORMULATION POLICY FORMULATION TEAM COMPOSTIONTEAM COMPOSTION