presentation on harrisburg compost site from informational meeting

8/20/2019 Presentation on Harrisburg Compost Site From Informational Meeting

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P R E S E N T E D T O :

W O R K S H O P S E S S I O N – H A R R I S B U R G S C H O O LD I S T R I C T B O A R D

M A R C H 2 , 2 0 1 6

B Y

T E R R Y D . K E E N E , P . E . , C R P

Yard Waste and Organics

Composting Site Concepts – CityOf Harrisburg/ HSD Partnership

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Today’s Topics

Organics Management – Why?

Composting Benefits

Yard Waste and Food Waste Technology

Permitting

Siting Considerations

Educational Benefits Partnership Highlights and Schedule

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Why Reclaim Organics?

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Why Divert Organics?

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Source: U.S. EPA 2012


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Consumer drivers ARE changing…

From: To:Globally-available Locally-grownConventionally grown Organically/sustainably grown

Expansion Sustainability Low compliance Low-impact DevelopmentLowest cost Total cost of owningMan-made Natural

Source – US Compost Council 2016


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What’s Trending? Sustainability

Corporate and Personal Sustainability

WHY??The ‘Greens’: Corporate Image, CostSavings

Source – US Composting Council 2016


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What’s Trending? Food Waste Reduction

Recycle Food Scraps (END disposal!)

Sept. 2015: USDA and USEPAannounced the first-ever national

food waste reduction goal, calling for a50% reduction by 2030.

How and Where??



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Three-State Study Avg. of Food Waste Generators

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Source: AgRecycle 2006

Institutions

16.7%

Prisons

2.2%Food/Grocery

Stores*

9.9%

Commercial

5.9%

Hospitals

8.7%

Industrial

56.6%

Commercial

Food/Grocery Stores*

HospitalsIndustrial

Institutions

Prisons


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What’s Trending? Local/Urban Programs

Act (Buy…Shop…GROW) Locally



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Urban Landscaping & Gardening(source DEP)


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Soil Benefits for Compost End-Users

Improves thePhysicalProperties ofSoils. Compostincreases water holding,soil aeration, structuralstability, resistance to

water and wind erosion,root penetration, andsoil temperaturestabilization, thereby

preventing turf losses onroadsides, hillsides,playing fields, and golfcourses.

EPA 2000, AgRecycle

Point State Park


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Enhances theChemicalProperties ofSoils. Compostincreases macro- andmicronutrient content,

increases availability of beneficial minerals,ensures pH stability,and provides a long-term source of nutrientinput by acting as anutrient reservoir, andreduces fertilizerrequirements by at

least 50%.

The Pittsburgh Zoo

EPA 2000, AgRecycle


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Improves theBiologicalProperties of Soils.Compost promotes theactivity of beneficialmicro-organisms,suppresses certain plantdiseases, promotes fasterroot development,promotes higher yields ofagricultural crops, and

bonds heavy metals,preventing migration to

water resources absorbed by plants.

EPA 2000, AgRecycle


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Compost in Erosion/Sedimentation Control

Erosion Control Blankets

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Silt Socks and Inlet Protection

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Toe-of-Bank, Steep Slope and Steambank Stabilization

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How is Composting Regulated in PA?

Generally Based on Generator and Type of Material

Captive Facilities – no permit

Permit-by-Rule (400+ yard waste facilities in PA)

General Permits (multiple options) On-Farm Composting

Larger than 5-acre yard waste composting operations

Expanded organics sources (e.g. GP-025)

Individual Permits – complex and expensive

GOAL AT HSD SITE – SIMPLIFIED PERMITTING

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What is Yard Waste?

Yard Waste is “leaves, grass clippings, garden

residue, tree trimmings, chipped shrubbery and other vegetative materials.”

(Pa. Municipal Waste Regulations, Section 271.1)


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Pennsylvania Yard Waste Statistics

DEP estimates leaves, brush,

and grass if collected would

be approximately 17% of

the total waste stream. Grass- 7% total waste stream

Brush- 4% total waste stream

Leaves- 5.5% total waste stream

Stumps and heavy wood-


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What is a Yard Waste Composting Facility?

A facility that is used to compost leaf waste, or leaf waste andgrass clippings, garden residue, tree trimmings, chippedshrubbery and other vegetative materials. The term includesland affected during the lifetime of the operation, including

but not limited to areas where composting occurs, supportfacilities, borrow areas, offices, equipment sheds, air and

water pollution control and treatment systems, access roads,associated onsite or contiguous collection and transportationactivities, and other activities in which the natural surfacehas been disturbed as a result of or incidental to the

operation of the facility.( Pa. Municipal Waste Regulations, Section 271.1)


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Compost Technologies – Turned Piles and Windrows

Turned Piles – small, loader turning; smallinstitutional systems with food waste

Turned Windrows – loader or windrow turner

Preferred Geometry of Turned Windrows 6-8’ high, 12-16’ wide, length not limited

Water source – none, stream, well, loader/turner sprayer

All-weather access and pad

Restricted access Logical layout, good surface drainage

Consideration of BMPs

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Typical Site Layout – Turned Windrow

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Yard Waste - Windrow Layout

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Food Waste Composting - Importance of Carbon

Food wastes cannot be composted alone.

Carbon to nitrogen ratios need to be in the range of 30/1.

Nutrients & moisture in food waste help yard waste compost.

To make the process of food waste composting cost effective,facilities accepting food need to have access to easyand readily available sources of carbon: LEAVES AND

YARD WASTE.

The City of Harrisburg’s yard waste and brush collectionprograms can provide the needed sources of carbon for HSDfood waste composting.


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Food Waste Options – Windrow Incorporation(Shenk’s Berry Farm, Lancaster Co. - Source DEP)


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Penn State Organics Processing & EducationCenter – batch mix (Source Penn State OP&EC)


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Food Waste Options – Turned and Aerated StaticPiles

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Food Waste Options – ASP Bin/Bunker System

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Community and Educational Benefits

Opportunities:Inform the community know about the facility and the value of

using compost in landscaping, gardeningPotential dropoff site for self-haul yard waste

Home for brush/grinding, mulch productionIncorporate Environmental Education and TrainingOpportunities at site – be resourcefulUse existing networks for assistance; e.g. “Let’s Get Dirty” Urban

Agriculture; HSD school programsPromote waste minimization and recycling in the schoolsUse newsletters, web site, announcementsParticipate in backyard composting training programsTake advantage of PROP composting training and certification/other

training for site operators


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The Proposed HSD Composting Site

1901 Wayne Avenue


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Compost Facility/Siting Considerations

Things to consider: DEP exclusionary site permitting criteria - TBD

Ingress to and egress from the site, fencing

Site acreage/ geometry/layout – and future food waste Site roads and unloading area, dropoff area

Shredding/chipping/mulching area for brush

Windrow dimensions and active compost area

Curing/screening/storage/distribution area

Equipment needs and storage Office needs/training and education areas

Design/ operate for pollution/ nuisance prevention


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Site Layout – Turned Windrow Example36

#2


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Keys to Operate a Good Site with ProcessControls

Make sure delivered organics are “fresh” Prepare receiving area with a bed of “browns” near pile Small receiving area, address any free liquids quickly

Watch C/N mix ratios closely – dependent on technology

Incorporate into the pile quickly – cover, aeration? Be conscious of winds/direction, weather, time when

turning Cover piles with compost blanket, lime as needed Design for/minimize water ponding, runoff, free liquids

Good handling of contact rainwater Filter strips, compost berms/socks, good site drainage

Address any nuisance issues quickly

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Site Partnership Concepts

Summary of Key Points/ Schedule: March - HSD enter IGA with City for allow site use for

composting April - Signed IGA releases funds for experts to begin site

testing/ design/ permitting May-July - Site to be permitted now for yard waste (Phase 1)

and food waste (Phase 2) receipt and processing July-September – Site developed and outfitted Fall 2016 - Site ready to accept yard waste and brush from City Site may also accept yard waste from Susquehanna Twp. –

TBD Phase 2 - Site to accept food waste from pilot HSD school

(Marshall?) Phase 3 – HSD adds food waste collection at more buildings


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Site Partnership Concept - Funding

Summary of Key Points on Project Funding: HSD leases site to City for initial 10-year term, can be

extended – no money changes hands for site use City finances site permitting, design, development,

equipment – no capital funding from HSD City staffs/ operates site, maintains records and permit If any additional capital or operating costs are required

to process HSD food waste (in Phase 2 or later),discussions and potential cost sharing are TBD

City provides site access by HSD and non-profits toconduct environmental/ education/ career training (bythose parties) – City will coordinate activities wherepossible

presentation on harrisburg compost site from informational meeting

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