presented by 1 c.h sapumanage. content introduction specific characteristics categories of...
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PRESENTED BY
1
C.H SAPUMANAGE
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CONTENT Introduction Specific characteristics Categories of traditional varieties Podi wee, Murungakayan, Pachchaperumal,
Deveredderi, pokkali, Weda heenati, Kalu heenati, Sudu heenati, Madathavalu, Herath banda, Molligoda,Kahata wee, Gonabaru,
Why low yield potentials ? Future potentials
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All the varieties which were grown before old improved
varieties found (before 1950´s)
Varieties are typically tall with long narrow & drooping
leaves
Farmers were concern about weather pattern,Topography
& soil conditions even in ancient
Cultivated more than 4000 traditional varieties in SL-now
conserve at PGRC
List of traditional varieties prepared in 1902
- 300 varieties
- Exhibited at Kandy Agri-horticultural & Industrial Exhibition
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Specific Characteristics
1) Typically tall with long, narrow ,drooping leaves
2) Photosensitivity
3) Lodging susceptibility
4) Poor tillering
5) Flood tolerance
6) Tolerance to iron toxicity
7) Tolerance to salinity
8) Tolerance to drought & submergence
9) Low response to fertilizer
10) Resistant to P & D4
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Categories of Traditional Varieties
Goda Wee
-Totally rainfed
-Cultivate in uplands >4000ft from sea level
Al Wee
-Cultivated in new chena lands (Kegalle, Morawak
Korale, Hinidumpattuwa, Rathnapura & Badulla districts)
-Totally rainfed
-Protein content of rice is highest
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Categories of Traditional Varieties Cntd…
Ma Wee
-Cultivated only in maha
-Cultivate only in wet zone
-Irrigation of water
-Resistant to flooding
Bala Wee
-Popular in WZ & DZ
-Mature after 3-31/2 months
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Very popular long duration variety
Pearly white grain
Tall & bulky habit
Thick culms
Moderately profuse tillering
Medium, long fairly dense panicles with round, bold grain
High % of variety tillers ineffective or unproductive
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WEAKNESSES
Low yielder
Very low fertilizer response
High susceptibility to blast & stem borer
Grain shedding
Severe preharvest lodging
Low grain straw ratio
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MURUNGAKAYAN
Medium plant height(127-135cm)
Duration 4- 4 1/2 month
Moderately tillering
Very long, heavy panicles
Large,coarse red rice grains
Culms are tall, thick & bulky
Flag leaf is conspicously erect
Response to N is very high
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MURUNGAKAYAN Cntd..
Resistant to grain shedding & piricularia disease
Moderately resistant to lodging
Good yielder even at low soil fertility
Yield potential upto 60-65bu/ac
Tall & bulky growth
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PACHCHAPERUMAL
Very popular & extentively cultivated Duration-3 months Red rice grain Short, thin culms(seldom out growing 85cm) Tillers have short panicle with well filled, heavy, medium size grain Fairly high yield potential (80bu/ac in Anuradhapura & Polonnaruwa
Districts)
High susceptibility to blast Severe grain shedding Susceptible to lodging Low N response
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DEVEREDDERI
Old variety but not popular one
Duration 5 months (grow only in Maha season)
Plant height 150-160cm
Red colour grain is medium length
Poor tillering
Medium long panicles
Large heavy grains
Tall culms about 120cm
Highly flood resistance
Potential yield is 25-35bu/ac
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WEAKNESSES
Poor yielder Grain shedding Susceptibility to lodging Susceptibility to piricularia disease
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POKKALI
Morphologically resembles to Deveredderi
Not popular variety
Definitely yala season variety
Saline resistence
Poor yield is the problem
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WEDA HEENATI Medium height plant Duration Yala -4 months Maha-31/2 months Red rice grain Drought tolerant More prefer muddy lands Yield potential is 30-40bu/ac Use as a medicine in ayurvedic
Susceptible to Fe toxicity Growth reduction in sandy soil & in heavy rainy period High grain shedding losses if not harvest at correct
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KALU HEENATI
Medium plant height(111-115cm)
Medium length panicles are in black colour ,paddy husk also
black
Red rice grain
Yield potential from boggy field is 25-30bu/ac
Use as a medicine in ayurvedic
Not suitable for sandy soil
Susceptible to Fe toxicity
Growth retardation in heavy rainy period16
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SUDU HEENATI
Medium plant height(112-135cm)
Duration
Yala-4 months Maha-6 months
Red rice grain
Clearly straw colour paddy husk
Flood resistence
Moderately drought resistence
Moderately tolerant to Fe toxicity
Yield potential 40-50bu/ac
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MADATHAWALU
Medium height plant(120-130cm)
Duration 4 months
Paddy husk is mud colour
Red rice grain
Grain is intermediate bold shape
Potential yield is 60-65bu/ac
High yield gives in organic farming
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HERATH BANDA
Medium height plant(120-130cm)
Duration- 31/2 months
Low tillering(2-3 tillers/plant)
Red rice grain
Grains are intermediate bold shape
Yield potential is 45-50bu/ac
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MOLLIGODA
Medium height plant(150-160cm) Duration-41/2 months Low tillering(4-5tillers/plant) Red rice grain Shape of grain is intermediate length Prefer for boggy paddy fields Yield potential is 40-50bu/ac
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KAHATA WEE Tall plant(165cm) Duration
Yala - 41/2 months Maha - 5months
Red rice grain,but has black/brown colour slightly
in the grain Lengthy grains
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GONABARU
Tall plant(180cm)
Duration- 41/2 months
Long, drooping leaves
Resistant to many pest & diseases
Red rice grain (lengthy grain)
Yield potential 30-40bu/ac
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Why low yield potential ? Low tillering- moderate tillering should there.
Profuse tillering cause mutual shading
Late tillering don´t contribute to grain yield
Susceptible to lodging - upto 60% yield decrease at pre flowering stage
- upto 18% yield decrease at dough & ripening stage
High shattering losses in most varieties
Low fertilizer response
Long duration varieties - Inefficient use of land
- Longer exposure to natural hazards
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Future potentials
Demand for traditional rice varieties increasing
Increasing the demand for organic rice
Traditional rice varieties can cultivate as organic
farming
High nutritional value and tasty
Some varieties has medicinal properties
EX :-Kalu heenati
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