Green Port Long Beach

a template for…..Reducing the Air Quality Impacts of

Trade Related ActivitiesPresented by

Robert Kanter, Ph.D.Managing Director of Environmental Affairs and Planning

Action Plan Development

• Clean Port Summit – March 2006

– Outcome: work together towards solutions

• SPBP Clean Air Action Plan Working Group formed

• Both Ports

– South Coast Air Quality Management District (AQMD)

– California Air Resources Board (CARB)

– Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Action Plan Drivers

• Minimize health risk from

port operations

• Accelerate existing

emissions reduction efforts

• Set consistent project-

specific & source-specific

standards

• Enable port development

Action Plan Foundations

• Work cooperatively to minimize adverse environmental impacts of operations

• Build upon ports & tenants existing programs

• Reduce “Fair Share” of port-related operational emissions

• Ensure that all new projects meet health risk criteria

• Action Plan is a “Living Document” which will be updated & improved annually

Target Polluants: DPM, NOx, SOx

• DPM - Diesel Particulate Matter: Microscopic particles that includes soot from diesel exhaust; toxic air contaminant

• NOx - Nitrogen Oxides: An ozone precursor that significantly contributes to smog

• SOx - Sulfur Oxides: A precursor to particulates

• The South Coast Air Basin exceeds federal air quality standards for both ozone and particulate matter

Sources and Challenges

Heavy-Duty Vehicles26% (9,264 tons)

Rail Locomotives13% (4,533 tons)

Ocean-Going Vessel36% (12,834 tons)

Harbor Craft13% (4,603 tons)Cargo Handling

Equipment12% (4,234 tons)

Pollutant Contribution by Source

Port of Los Angeles Baseline 2001 & Port of Long Beach Baseline 2002

NOxDPM

Cargo Handling Equipment

14% (259 tons)

Harbor Craft11% (218 tons) Ocean-Going Vessel

59% (1,136 tons)

Rail Locomotives6% (111 tons)

Heavy-Duty Vehicles10% (188 tons)

SOx

Ocean-Going Vessels90% (8,019 tons)

Rail Locomotives2% (133 tons)Harbor Craft

6% (520 tons)

Heavy-Duty Vehicles1% (120 tons)

Cargo Handling Equipment

1% (55 tons)

DPM

Control Measures

Measure # Control Measure/Initiative

SPBP-HDV1 Performance Standards for On-Road HDV

SPBP-HDV2 Alt Fuel Infrastructure for On-Road HDV

SPBP-OGV1 OGV Vessel Speed Reduction

SPBP-OGV2 OGV Reduction of At-Berth Emissions

SPBP-OGV3 OGV Auxiliary Eng Fuel Improvement Standards

SPBP-OGV4 OGV Main Eng Fuel Improvement Standards

SPBP-OGV5 OGV Main & Aux Eng Emission Improvement

SPBP-CHE1 Performance Standard for CHE

SPBP-HC1 Performance Standards for HC

SPBP-RL1 Rail Switch Engine Modernization

SPBP-RL2 Operational Controls for Line-Haul RR

SPBP-RL3 Clean Rail Yard Standards

Technology Advancement Program

Infrastructure & Operation Efficiency Improvement

Construction Standards

Three Levels of Standards

Standards – Three Levels

• San Pedro Bay Standards– Reduce public health risk from port-related

toxics– Prevent port-related violations of National

Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)– Reduce port “Fair Share” pollutant emissions

• Project Specific Standards– Meet 10 in 1,000,000 excess cancer threshold– Implement maximum feasible controls for

projects exceeding CEQA thresholds for criteria pollutants

• Source Specific Standards

Vessel and Truck Strategies

• Ocean-Going Vessels– Vessel Speed Reduction and Green

Flag Program– Shore to ship electrification– Low sulfur diesel fuels for main &

auxilliary engines– NOx and PM controls on new and

existing vessels• Heavy-Duty Vehicles (Trucks)

– Replacement/Retrofit of dirty diesel trucks and progressive ban from service

– Introduce alternative fuels (e.g. LNG)

Vessel and Truck Strategies

• Railroad Locomotives– Purchase clean switcher and line-

haul locomotives – Standards for new or modified rail

yards• Cargo Handling Equipment

– Turnover, replace with Clean equipment

– Integration of alternative fueled– vehicles– Retrofit

• Harbor Craft– Re-power or replace vessels

Evaluation of Technologies/Concepts

Implementation Strategies

• Lease Requirements• Tariff Changes• CEQA Mitigation• Incentives• Voluntary Measures

Tracking, Monitoring, and Reporting

• Expand Port-Area Real Time Air Monitoring Network

• Emissions Inventory-Regular Updates• Monitor Progress on Clean Air Action Plan• Report Progress on Clean Air Action Plan

Reporting and Comparing

• Inventory = activity record + estimating methodology (engines and specs)

• Most recent reporting comparing 2008 to 2005 baseline

Vessel Emissions, ‘08 vs. ‘05

PM10 PM2.5 DPM NOx SOx CO HC TEU

-40%

-20%

0%

20%

-20% -20%-26%

-11%

-16%

-3%-1% -3%

• Reductions in PM, SOx, NOx, CO, and HC

• CARB auxiliary engine low-sulfur fuel regulation

• Increased compliance with Green Flag Program

Truck Emissions, ‘08 vs. ‘05

PM10 PM2.5 DPM NOx SOx CO HC VMT

-100%

-80%

-60%

-40%

-20%

0%

20%

-20% -20% -20% -18%

-90%

-14%

-33%

-13%

• Clean Trucks Program began on October 1, 2008

• 50% decrease in truck idling time

• Lower cargo throughput, lower VMT

Harbor Craft, ‘08 vs. ‘05

• Increase in harbor craft activity, increase in emissions

• Significant reduction in SOx due to use of ULSD

PM10 PM2.5 DPM NOx SOx CO HC HP-Hr

-100%

-80%

-60%

-40%

-20%

0%

20%

40% 26% 25% 26% 20%

-86%

26% 28% 25%

Yard Equipment, ‘08 vs. ‘05

• 89% reduction of SOx due to use of ULSD in all diesel cargo handling equipment

• Newer equipment, continued use of emission reduction technologies and alternative fuels

PM10 PM2.5 DPM NOx SOx CO HC HP-HR

-100%

-80%

-60%

-40%

-20%

0%

20%

-18% -18% -18% -17%

-89%

-13%

-35%

2%

Rail Locomotives, ‘08 vs. ‘05

-100%

-75%

-50%

-25%

0%

25%

50%

-21% -23% -21% -13%

-90%

0%

-11%

34%

-2% -3%

• Overall decrease in emissions

• Newer engines, use of ULSD

• Increase in on-dock rail throughput

Port-wide Emissions,‘08 vs. ‘05

PM10 PM2.5 DPM NOx SOx CO HC TEU

-40%

-20%

0%

20%

-18% -18%-21%

-12%-18%

-7%

-17%

-3%

• TEUs decreased 3%

• Decrease in all criteria pollutant emissions

• Diesel Particulate Matter (DPM) declined 21%

Emissions per TEU, ‘08 vs. ‘05• Increased efficiency

• With better technology and cleaner fuels, cargo activities are producing less air pollution per unit of cargo

PM10 PM2.5 DPM NOx SOx CO HC CO2

-30%

-20%

-10%

0%

-15% -15%

-19%

-9%

-15%

-4%

-14%

-3%

GHG Emissions, 2008 vs. 2005

EI Year CO2

Equivalent2005 994,2852008 929,036Change (tpy) -65,249Change (%) -7%

• Greenhouse Gas Emissions decreased 7% in 2008 compared to 2005

Summary

• 2008 cargo volume decreased 3% from 2005• Emission declined much more than cargo:– Particulate matter declined 21%– NOx dropped 14%– SOx decreased 18%– CO fell 7%– HC decreased 17%

• Greenhouse Gas emissions decreased 7%