presented to: by: date: federal aviation administration certification of amateur-built aircraft eaa...
TRANSCRIPT
Presented to:
By:
Date:
Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftAmateur-Built Aircraft
EAA 983 (Granbury / Pecan Plantation)
Mike Montefusco
November 12, 2011
2Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Certification and Operation
• Guidance concerning building, certification,
and operation of amateur-built aircraft
• How much fabrication and assembly the
builder must do
• The FAA’s role in the certification process
NOTE: FAA order 8130.2G covers Amateur-Built certification
3Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Presentation Topics• FAA Certification Criteria• Design and Construction• Construction Kits• Aircraft Registration
– Identification & Registration Markings• Certification Inspection• 14 CFR 91-319• Certificate Inspection• Issuance of the Special Airworthiness Certificate• Operating Limitations
– Phase 1: Flight Test Program– Phase 2: Permanent Operating Limitations
• Showing Compliance with 14 CFR 91.319(b)• Repairman Certification• LODA: Letter of Deviation Authority• AC 90-109: Airman Transition to Experimental or Unfamiliar Airplanes• Aircraft Accident Summary and Risk Management
4Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Background
• FAA provides for the issuance of a Special Airworthiness Certificates
• Experimental Category
• Allows for operation of amateur-built aircraft
5Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Background continued
• 14 CFR Part 21.191(g) defines an amateur-built aircraft as – an aircraft,
• the major portion of which has been fabricated
• and assembled by persons • who undertook the construction and
assembly solely for their own • education or recreation
NOTE: AC 20-27, Certification and Operation of Amateur-Built Aircraft
6Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
FAA Certification
• In the Past, – the FAA inspected the
aircraft at several stages, called Pre-Cover Inspections
Since 1983, FAA inspections are limited to ensure acceptable workmanship, methods, techniques, and practices are used.
7Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
FAA Certification
• In recent years, amateur builders have called upon persons having expertise, such as: • EAA Technical Counselors• FAA Designated Airworthiness
Representatives (DAR)–DAR can be used for technical guidance
8Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Certification Criteria
• Builders should have knowledgeable persons perform pre-cover and other inspections
• Documentation of construction– i.e., Builders Log
• Any format• Include photographs of all steps
included in each of the listed
tasks in the Amateur-Builder
Aircraft Fabrication and
Assembly Checklist (2009)• Materials and techniques used in construction• Dates, locations, and detailed descriptions
9Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
• Consult with the EAA• Strongly recommend FAA-approved engines,
props, wheels, and components• Cockpit and Cabin design to include TSO’d
restraints
Design and Construction
10Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Design and Construction
• Adequate fuel supply for engine• Suitable design for reduced fire hazard
11Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Construction Kits
• Aircraft built from a kit may be eligible for
amateur-built certification, provided the major
portion has been fabricated and assembled by
the amateur builder
• FAA does not certify amateur-built aircraft kits
• FAA does not approve kit manufacturers
12Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Construction Kits
• “Major Portion” is known as the
51% Rule
13Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Construction Kits
• Caution: – Purchasers of partially completed kits should
obtain from the previous owner(s)• All fabrication records• All assembly records
14Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
• Advertisements tend to be somewhat vague and may be misleading as to whether a kit is eligible for amateur-built certification
• Not advisable to order a kit before verifying with the local FAA office if the aircraft, upon completion, may be eligible for certification
Construction Kits
15Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Aircraft Registration
• 14 CFR Part 47 covers registration
• Owner must apply for “N” number
– Can request special “N” numbers
– Can reserve a special “N” number for one year
16Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
• If a kit was used, obtain bill of sale from kit manufacturer
• FAA Bill of Sale can be used
• Provide an Affidavit of Ownership for Amateur-Built Aircraft
Aircraft Registration
17Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Identification & Registration Marks
• 14 CFR Part 21.182 requires registration
to be displayed on the aircraft
• 14 CFR Part 45 states requirements for
markings
• ID plate must be
fireproof & secured
18Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
• Name on ID plate is that of the Builder
with any serial number
• ID plate must be located on exterior
Identification & Registration Marks
19Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
“N” numbers must be displayed at a minimum height
of 3 inches
If maximum cruise speed
exceeds 180 knots,
“N” numbers must be at
least 12 inches
Identification & Registration Marks
20Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
“N” numbers may not exceed 5 symbols following
the prefix “N”
– One to four numbers and one suffix
• i.e., (N1234B), or
– One to three numbers and two suffixes
• i.e., (N123BR)
Identification & Registration Marks
21Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Certification Inspection
• An FAA Airworthiness
Inspector or DAR will
conduct the certification
inspection
• Applicant needs to show
compliance with 14 CFR
Part 91.319
22Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
It’s your aircraft
• Builder needs to determine Airworthiness prior to certification
• Ensure there is a signed and dated statement from the owner in the aircraft records, that: – the aircraft has had an inspection performed in
accordance with 14 CFR part 43, app D, or– other approved programs, and – was found to be in a condition for safe operation
23Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
It’s your aircraft
• This statement will support the owner’s inspection and airworthiness statement on block III of FAA Form 8130-6
24Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Lets take a look at what
14 CFR Part 91.319 states!
25Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Para (a): No person may operate an aircraft that has an experimental certificate -
(1) For other than the purpose for which the certificate was issued; or
(2) For carrying persons or property for compensation or hire
14 CFR Part 91.319
26Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Para (b): No person may operate an aircraft
that has an experimental certificate outside of
an area assigned by the Administrator until it is
shown that --
14 CFR Part 91.319
27Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
(1) The aircraft is controllable throughout its
normal range of speeds and throughout all the
maneuvers to be executed; and
14 CFR Part 91.319
28Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
(2) The aircraft has no hazardous operating
characteristics or design features
14 CFR Part 91.319
29Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
(c) Unless otherwise authorized by the
Administrator in special operating limitations,
no person may operate an aircraft that has an
experimental certificate over a densely
populated area or in a congested airway
14 CFR Part 91.319
30Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
The Administrator may issue special operating
limitations for particular aircraft:
•to permit takeoffs and landings to be conducted
over a densely populated area or in a congested
airway
•in accordance with terms and conditions specified
in the authorization in the interest of safety in air
commerce.
14 CFR Part 91.319
31Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
(d) Each person operating an aircraft that has an
experimental certificate shall -
(1) Advise each person carried of the
experimental nature of the aircraft; and
14 CFR Part 91.319
32Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
14 CFR Part 91.319
(2) Operate under VFR, day only,
unless otherwise specifically authorized
by the Administrator; and
33Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
(3) Notify the control tower of the
experimental nature of the
aircraft when operating the
aircraft into or out of airports with
operating control towers.
14 CFR Part 91.319
34Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
(h)(2)(i) The Administrator may prescribe
additional limitations that the Administrator
considers necessary, including limitations on
the persons that may be carried in the
aircraft.
14 CFR Part 91.319
35Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Who is the Administrator???
14 CFR Part 91.319
36Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Your friendly FSDO
Aviation Safety
Inspector!!!!
14 CFR Part 91.319
37Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Certification InspectionCertification Inspection
Please contact your FAA
Aviation Safety Inspector (ASI)
at least 30 days in advance of
your requested inspection
38Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
The Inspection will include
– a review of 14 CFR Part 21.193
– a review of the builder’s log
– an examination of the completed
aircraft
Certification InspectionCertification Inspection
39Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Successful Aircraft Inspection • Furnish a complete and ready to fly
aircraft except for cowlings, fairings and opened panels for inspection
• Aircraft Registration– (White Form 8050-3)
• Builder’s Log• Log books for the
– Aircraft– Engine– Prop
40Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Installation of Placard “PASSENGER WARNING - THIS AIRCRAFT IS
AMATEUR-BUILT AND DOES NOT COMPLY WITH FEDERAL SAFETY REGULATIONS FOR
STANDARD AIRCRAFT”
Successful Aircraft Inspection
41Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Issuance of theSpecial Airworthiness Certificate• A Special Airworthiness
Certificate will be issued
• Operating Limitations will be issued:
– Phase I & Phase II
– Appropriate Operating Limitations must be on-board aircraft while in operation
42Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Experimental Amateur-Built Operating Limitations
• Operating limitations must be designed to fit the specific situation encountered.
• The ASI and/or designee must review each imposed operating limitation with the applicant to ensure that the operating limitations are understood by the applicant.
43Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
• Phase I - Flight Test Program
– Initially limited to assigned area
– At least 25 hours for (FAA-approved Type Certificated) engine/prop combination
– At least 40 hours if non-approved engine/propcombination
Experimental Amateur-Built Operating Limitations
44Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Phase I
Flight Test Program•Not conducted over densely populated areas or in congested airways•Usually encompasses 25-statute mile radius•Carrying of passengers not permitted
45Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Phase II
Permanent Operating Limitations
• After successful completion of Phase I requirements, and
• A log book entry stating so
• Phase II Operating Limitations become effective and remain in effect
46Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Showing Compliance with14 CFR Part 91.319(b)
• Flight test program should be developed in accordance with AC 90-89, Amateur-Built Aircraft and Ultra light Flight Testing Handbook, or its equivalent in scope and detail.
47Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Showing Compliance with14 CFR Part 91.319(b)
• Applicant should be advised that after the experimental amateur-built airworthiness certificate has been issued, they must show compliance to 14 CFR Part 91.319(b).
• This is done by developing a flight test program that addresses the requirements, goals, and objectives of each test flight.
48Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Flight Test Programs
Flight Test Program Serves 2 Purposes:
1. Ensures aircraft has been adequately tested and determined to be safe to fly within the aircraft’s flight envelope.
2. Flight test data is used to develop an accurate and complete aircraft flight manual and to establish emergency procedures.
49Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Flight Test Programs
Note: The EAA Flight Advisor program has been established to assist applicants in developing flight test programs.
50Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
First Flight: Who is going to fly it?
In most cases, the builder will make the first flight– Some things to think about:
• Proficiency
• Transition training
• Currency
• Selecting an Airport
• Developing a plan
• Using a Technical Counselor
• Being willing to cancel the flight
• Being Prepared for Emergencies
– In the air and on the ground
• Weather
51Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Repairman Certification
The aircraft builder may be certificated as a repairman
IF
the builder is the primary builder of the aircraft
AND
can satisfactorily prove requisite skill in operation.
52Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
A Repairman Certificate can be obtained by
making application to the local FAA FSDO
Repairman Certification
53Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
LODA: Letter of Deviation Authority
• The FAA may issue deviation authority providing relief from the provisions of paragraph (a) of 91.319 for the purpose of conducting flight training.
• The FAA will issue this deviation authority as a Letter Of Deviation Authority (LODA).
54Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
LODA: Letter of Deviation Authority
(1) The FAA may cancel or amend a letter of deviation authority at any time. (2) An applicant must submit a request for deviation authority to the FAA at least 60 days before the date of intended operations.Request for deviation authority must contain:1.A complete description of the proposed operation, and 2.Justification that establishes a level of safety equivalent to that provided under the regulations for the deviation requested.
55Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Airmen Transition toExperimental or
Unfamiliar Airplanes
Advisory Circular AC 90-109
56Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Summary
• Amateur Built Aircraft crash more often and are more often fatal than Certificated Aircraft
• Significant improvements have been made and the historical accident rate is on a downward trend however - – we still have room for improvement
57Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Summary
• Use the resources available to you – EAA / FAA• Build a simple Risk Management Plan
Enjoy this wonderful freedom we have!
58Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Amateur-Built Fatal Accidents 0-5 Airframe Hours
0 2 4 6 8 10
Forced Landing
In-flight Separation
LoC
LoC for Powerloss
LoC on Other Takeoff
LoC on 1st Takeoff
59Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Amateur-Built Fatal Accidents 41-60 Airframe Hours
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Forced Landing
In-flight Separation
Midair
CFIT
LoC for Powerloss
LoC Pilot
60Federal AviationAdministration
Certification of Amateur-Built AircraftApril 19, 2023
Carelessness and overconfidence are usually more dangerous than deliberately accepted risk.
- Wilbur Wright, 1901