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C8 - Missoulian, Monday, February 11, 2013

It’s personalSome of the chimps Goodall named and studied during her years in Gombe:David Greybeard, a male chimp with a gray chin who first

accepted Goodall’s pres-ence.

Humphrey, a big, strong bully.Goliath, a bold friend of David Greybeard and originally the alpha male of

the group.Mike, a clever and cunning chimp who displaced Goliath as the alpha male.Mr. McGregor,

a belligerent older male.

Gigi, a large, sterile female who became

the “aunt” of any young chimp or humans.

Flo, a motherly female with ragged ears, and her children Figan, Faben, Freud, Fifi and Flint.Frodo, Fifi’s second-oldest child, an aggressive male who often attacked Goodall and ultimately pushed her to leave the troop when he became the alpha male.

EndangeredAt the turn of the 20th century, chimpanzees numbered 1 mil-lion to 2 million. Today, there are estimated to be fewer than 300,000 chimpanzees remain-ing in the wild. Habitat distruction and illegal hunt-ing are largely responsible for the decline. Every year, thousands of chimps are killed. The Jane Goodall Institute has established a safe haven in the Congo, where chimp orphans are cared for.

LEARN ABOUT ORANGUTANS IN THE NEXT INSTALLMENT OF WORLD OF WONDER© 2013 Triefeldt Studios, Inc.Distributed by Universal Uclick for UFS

At a bookstore near you: Two full-color World of Wonder compilations: “Plants & Animals” and “People & Places.”

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SOURCES: World Book Encyclopedia, World Book Inc.; www.janegoodall.org; animal.discovery.com; www.pbs.org; www.nationalgeographic.com

JANE GOODALLJane Goodall is considered the world’s foremost expert on chim-panzees. Goodall is a British pri-matologist, ethologist, anthropolo-gist and U.N. Messenger of Peace. She is best known for her study of the interaction of wild chim-panzees. For 45 years, she lived and worked at the Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania.

Founder of the Jane Goodall Institute, she now works on conservation and

animal welfare issues world-wide.

Early daysValerie Jane Morris-Goodall was born April 3, 1934, in London. Her father was an engineer and her mother was a successful novelist.As a young woman, Goodall was fascinated by animals and the natural world. With dreams of visit-ing Africa, she took a variety of jobs while trying to save enough money for the trip.In 1957, at age 23, Goodall sailed to Mombasa, Kenya. There she met anthropologist Louis Leakey (1903–1972), who would become her mentor.

The workGoodall began studying the Ka-sakela chimpanzee community in Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania, in 1960. Goodall did not assign numbers to the chimpanzees she observed but instead gave them names. She saw that chimps have unique personalities and are capable of rational thought, emotions and behaviors similar to humans, such as affection, pats on the back and even tickling.Her findings reported that chimps form close, supportive and affec-tionate bonds with family members and other individuals within a com-munity. These bonds can persist throughout the chimps’ life span of more than 50 years. Goodall’s research is best known for challenging the long-standing belief that only humans could make and use tools and that chimpan-zees were vegetarians. She ob-served chimpanzees repeatedly placing stalks of grass into termite holes, then removing them from the hole to eat the insects. The chimps stripped off the leaves to make the twig more effective. This way of modifying something to be used is the first step of toolmaking.Goodall also noted the aggres-sive side of chimps, observing that chimps will organize in groups to hunt and eat other primates.Aggression and violence were also observed inside chimpanzee troops. Dominant females killed and sometimes ate the young of other females as a way to remain dominant.

World’s foremost expert on chimpanzees

Adult chimps have black skin and ears.

Chimps can make and use simple tools.

Baby chimps travel on their mothers’

backs starting at about 6 months old.

There are two species of chim-panzees: the common chimpan-zee (Pan troglodytes) and the bonobo, or pygmy chimpanzee (Pan paniscus).

AFRICA

Common chimpanzees live in west and central Africa, north of the Congo River.

Bonobos live in a small region in the Democratic

Republic of the Congo.

Chimps are happier foraging on the ground, but they will climb trees for

food or to defend their territory. Adults share food that juveniles could not

forage for themselves.

Studying wild chimpanzees