Presidential Reconstruction (1865-67)

radical and moderate Republicansradical

ideological

federal government

suffrage

land redistribution

radical and moderate Republicansradical moderates

ideological pragmatic

federal government state government

suffrage civil rights

land redistribution civil rights

Congress and the President

• Congress passes Freedmen’s Bureau Bill

Congress and the President

• Congress passes Freedmen’s Bureau Bill• Congress passes Civil Rights Bill of 1866

Congress and the President

• Congress passes Freedmen’s Bureau Bill• Congress passes Civil Rights Bill of 1866• Johnson vetoes both

Congress and the President

• Congress passes Freedmen’s Bureau Bill• Congress passes Civil Rights Bill of 1866• Johnson vetoes both• Congress overrides vetoes

Congress and the President

• Congress passes Freedmen’s Bureau Bill• Congress passes Civil Rights Bill of 1866• Johnson vetoes both• Congress overrides vetoes• Congress passes the Fourteenth Amendment

Congressional Reconstruction(1867-77)

Congress and the President

• Congress passes Freedmen’s Bureau Bill• Congress passes Civil Rights Bill of 1866• Johnson vetoes both• Congress overrides vetoes• Congress passes the Fourteenth Amendment• Congress passes the Reconstruction Act of

1867

territories, radical Reconstruction (1868)

Reconstruction Act of 1867

• new state constitutional conventions• delegates must sign iron-clad oath• constitution must provide manhood suffrage• state legislature must ratify fourteenth

amendment

reconstruction plans and policiesLincoln Wade Davis Johnson Republicans

returning to citizenship

oath (pardons: high officials)

oath (pardons: high officials)

oath (pardons: high officials/ rich planters)

oath

resuming suffrage

with citizenship iron-clad oath with citizenship iron-clad oath

recreating state gov

10% of voters 50% of voters no need to recreate

need to recreate

rewriting state constitution

republican form of gov/ respecting current laws about slavery

renounce slavery and secession

renounce slavery and secession; repudiate Confederate debt

ratify 14th amendment; endorse manhood suffrage

the Fifteenth Amendment

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation

African-American men voting for the first time

African-American Officeholding

African-American delegation to Congress

Blanche K. Bruce and Hiram Revels (first African-American senators)

goals of Republican state governments

• government for all people

goals of Republican state governments

• government for all people– law hospitable to African Americans

goals of Republican state governments

• government for all people– law hospitable to African Americans– public works hospitable to African Americans

goals of Republican state governments

• government for all people• government with new purposes

goals of Republican state governments

• government for all people• government with new purposes– providing aid to the needy

goals of Republican state governments

• government for all people• government with new purposes– providing aid to the needy– creating conditions for economic prosperity

waning northern support for Reconstruction

• longstanding skepticism about federal power

waning northern support for Reconstruction

• longstanding skepticism about federal power• longstanding desire for sectional reunion

waning northern support for Reconstruction

• longstanding skepticism about federal power• longstanding desire for sectional reunion• partisan interest in white voters (Republicans)

waning northern support for Reconstruction

• longstanding skepticism about federal power• longstanding desire for sectional reunion• partisan interest in white voters (Republicans)• business interest in black laboring class

(Republicans)

Redemption(1869-77)