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Food waste as a useful source of compounds improving plant health

Lenka Burketová

Biorefinery for the Production of Energy and Bio-based Products, Turin October 29, 2013

Laboratory of Pathological Plant Physiology

Prague, Czech Republic


Demand for food progressively increases

Source: EPSO, 2013

Main threat for crop production – diseases, pests and environmental stresses

• Current measures in crop protection:

– resistant cultivars

– genetically modified plants “GMOs“

– pesticides – regulated by EU directive on Sustainable pesticides utilization (2009/128/ES, October 21, 2009)

• Prospective strategies:

– “green pesticides“ – botanicals, essential oils, etc.

– biological control – use of antagonistic organisms

– mycorhiza, beneficial rhizobacteria

– induced resistance – activation of plant´s immune system, advantage – nonspecific

– biostimulators – improving plant fitness


Healthy crops – healthy food

• Plants suffer from the same kinds of pathogens as animals or humans: viruses, bacteria, fungi, insects and nematodes.

• Plants evolutionally developed immune system strikingly reminiscent of innate immunity of animals.

• This immune system is stimulated by a number of molecules, which could also originate from food wastes.

What is the connection between plant diseases and food wastes?


http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Meloidogyne_incognita.jpg

PAMPs “pathogen associated molecular patterns“

Surface molecules

flagelin LPS

• flagellin - flg22

• lipopolysaccharides – LPS

Innate immunity

How are the pathogens recognised?

Secondary elicitors

Secreted elicitors

Recognition of an invader

Defence genes expression

Early defence responses

Signal transduction

How is the resistance response activated?


Induced resistance:

- Chester 1933

- Ross 1961 – LAR, SAR

LAR

SAR

Systemic acquired resistance - SAR

Defence responses are induced systemically within the plant


Defence inducers BTH- induced resistance to TMV

in tobacco

Besides pathogens, defence responses are activated also by various molecules

- signalling molecules (SA, JA, ET), SA analogs


Elicitors and inducers of resistance

Elicitors and inducers • pathogens origin – cultivation media filtrates, mycelia

components, chitin, glucans, oligosaccharides, harpin protein

• plant origin – fragments of cell walls, signalling molecules (salicylic acid, jasmonic acid), phenolics

• plant extracts (“botanicals“), essential oils, seaweed extracts

• chemical compounds - BTH, acrylic acid, phosphates, silicon, β-amino butyric acid, probenazole, saccharin, biochar, oxalic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaneoic acid, butanoic acid, butanediol, isoparrafin, etc.


- Waste from food and leather industry - mainly hydrolysed collagen and keratin - identified in our screening as a potent inducer of resistance

Tomas Bata University in Zlin, prof. Karel Kolomazník

Animal protein hydrolysates


“blackleg disease“

Testing of compounds eliciting defence response and resistance in oilseed rape

against Leptosphaeria maculans


2 weeks cultivation scaning

treatment with inducers

inoculation

image analysis

Inoculation test


Inoculation test 3 collagen hydrolysate samples: Cn, CH-4, CH-8

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Wat

erBTH

Cn

20x

Cn

100x

Cn

500x

CH-4

20x

CH-4

100

x

CH-4

500

x

CH-8

20x

CH-8

100

x

CH-8

500

x

Mean

lesio

n a

rea [

mm

2]


RNA isolation

treatment with inducers

24 hrs incubation

reverse transcription

Real Time PCR

Gene expression test

Gene expression test

CH-4 and CH-8 are strong inducers of salicylic acid and ethylene signalling pathways.


Collagen hydrolysates activate expression of gene regulated by SA- and ethylene (ET)- signalling pathways, PR-1 and HEL, respectively, in oilseed rape cotyledons.

• We are looking for partners interested in green technologies.

• We are searching for new sources of efficient compounds improving plant health within biowastes with aim to design preparation which could serve as an alternative to traditional fungicides. Such „biostimulators“ could be utilized in organic farming.

• Prospective materials: plant residues containing secondary metabolites, phenolics, saponins, flavonoids, algal extracts, biosufactans, emulsifiers, etc.

We are looking for partners


• Our laboratory is well equipped for experimental plant biology to test the efficiency of compounds in a laboratory scale. We have also a good cooperation with two main institutes in Czech capable of pursuing field experiments necessary for registration procedure of preparations.

• We are looking for partners for European cooperation in frame of HORIZON 2020.

What can we offer?


Projects:

• Improvement of rapeseed resistance against blackleg by biotechnological methods (MZE)

• Biostimulators and resistance inducers of biological origin in cereals and oilseed crops (MZE)

• Role of antimicrobial peptides in plant defence against pathogens (GA ČR)

• Signalling pathways in defence response of rapeseed against important pathogens (GA ČR)

Colleagues:

Aknowledgements

Olga Valentová Kim Dinh Phuong Vladimír Šašek Myrta Pařízková Vendula Hemzalová

Věra Kašpárková Karel Kolomazník Lubomír Šimek


Action TD 1203

Thank you for your attention!

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