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PRIMER 15.0

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PRIMER 15.0 - Contents

• Quick Find

• Tutorials

• Mesh Morphing

• Save Window Position

• Mechanisms

• Swages Mesh

• Composites

• Pedestrian Markup

• Decomposition

• Occupants

• Dyna Dummy Positioning

• *DATABASE_HISTORY

• Connections

• Parameters

• Node

• Meshing

• Beams on Nodes

• Preview Ruled Mesh

• Align Solids

• Contact Friction

• Orient

• Measure

• Mass Contour

• Checking Improvements

• Improved Model Read and Write

• Integration with Post-Processing

• Scripting

• Save Settings to Preference File

• Miscellaneous

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Keyword Support

R10 Vol I Keywords

R10 Vol II Materials

R10 Vol III New solvers

✓

✓

✓

• PRIMER v15:

– Keywords: LS-DYNA up to R10 fully supported.

– Volumes I, II and III of the Keyword Manual.

– Some development “R11” new keywords/fields

also included.


Quick Find

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Quick Find

A ‘Quick Find’ feature has been added to allow users to search for and then quickly:

• Go to menus / functionality in PRIMER.

• Open model entity edit panels.

• Blank / Unblank / Only Include files.

• Open tutorials.

• Open specific pages in the LS-DYNA keyword PDF manual.

It can be accessed by clicking on the magnifying glass above the model functions menu or by pressing

the ‘#’ key.

Typing in the textbox brings up a list of found items that match the entered text. Items in the list can be

selected by clicking on them or by using the up and down arrow keys and pressing enter. The selected

item will then perform the task, e.g. open a menu.

or

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Quick Find

A ‘fuzzy’ matching method is used to match the entered text with the searchable items. It judges that

something has matched when the characters of the entered text appear in the same order as the item that

can be searched for.

For example if you type ‘mptp’ then ‘Tools->Measure->Part To Part’ would be a match, but ‘Tools-

>Measure->Point Angle’ wouldn’t because the final ‘p’ doesn’t match. (Note that the search is case

insensitive).

Additionally, if the entered search pattern contains spaces and the characters do not all match in the same

order then PRIMER will look to see if the words can be swapped to find a match.

For example ‘create node’ would find ‘Tools->NODE->Create’ even though the words do not appear in that

order.

This hopefully makes it easier to find items as you do not need to know the precise search term.

The found items are listed in order of how closely they match the entered text so items that more closely

match appear nearer the top of the list. It determines this by assigning a score to each match, with higher

scores given to items that contain consecutively matched characters and if the characters appear at the

start of words.

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Quick Find

The default search term associated with a menu item is the trail of menus/buttons you would need to

manually open/press, e.g. to get to measure part to part you would need to go to Tools, then Measure

then Part to Part, hence the search term ‘Tools->Measure->Part to Part’.

In addition, some menus have alternative search terms associated with them. For example Measure Part

to Part can also be found from the alternative text ‘Distance Between Parts’:

This can be useful for cases where you don’t know or can’t remember under which menu some

functionality lives.

Note that the alternative text appears in brackets under the default search term so you can see how you

would get to the menu manually.

If you can’t find menus that you know exist in PRIMER it is likely that you are using different terminology to

what we expect. If so, please contact Oasys Ltd and we can add alternative text based on what you are

entering as your search text.

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Quick Find

Alternative text associated with a menu may also describe some of the features on a menu. For example

the overlay colour of elements is set in the Display Options menus, but if you didn’t know this it would be

hard to find.

In this case the alternative text ‘Set Overlay Colour’ is associated with this menu:

As you can see the alternative text ‘Beam True Sections’ is also associated with this menu as the switch

to select this option is also on the Display Options menu.

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Quick Find – Keyword menus

As well as Tools / Mesh Tools menus, menus that live under Keywords can also be searched for. For

example if you want to open the *ELEMENT_SHELL keyword panel you could type ‘eshk’:

Note that certain menus may not be searchable depending on the contents of any models loaded in

PRIMER. For example, if a model doesn’t contain any SPH elements you would not be able to search for

‘Keywords->ELEMENT_SPH->Modify’.

Keyword menus are coloured green in the list to help differentiate them from Tools / Mesh Tools menus

which are coloured blue.

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Quick Find – Tutorials

If the installation of the Oasys Ltd software has the $OA_INSTALL/manuals/tutorials/primer directory it is

also possible to search for tutorials on certain topics. This should be the case in a full installation.

For example, to open the tutorial for checking a model:

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Quick Find – LS-DYNA keyword manual

If the installation of the Oasys software has the $OA_INSTALL/manuals/lsdyna/keywords.txt file it is also

possible to search for a keyword and open the LS-DYNA PDF manual at the appropriate page. This

should be the case in a full installation.

For example, to open the manual at the *BOUNDARY_PRESCRIBED_MOTION page you could type

‘bprmman’:

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Quick Find – Edit menus

If a model is loaded in PRIMER it is also possible to search for entities and open their edit panels, for

example if you wanted to edit a part with the title ‘Loadcell’ you could search for ‘editload’:

Note that this is limited to entities that can have titles, i.e. *NODEs, *ELEMENT_xxxx entities are not

searchable. This is so that the list of searchable items is kept to a manageable size.

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Quick Find – Include files

If a model has include files they can be searched for and ‘Blanked’, ‘Unblanked’ or ‘Only’d:

For example to ‘Only’ the

hvac_03.key include file.

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Quick Find - Preferences

In addition to the main Quick Find button in PRIMER the Preferences Editor now also contains a search

facility to help find preferences.

This works using the same ‘fuzzy’ matching method as the main Quick Find menu. The search terms

contain the name of the program, the name of the nodes on the tree, the preference name and the

description of it.

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Quick Find

There are a few options that can be set to alter how Quick Find works. These can be accessed by

pressing the ‘Options >>’ button:

Save the settings to the oa_pref file.

Set which items are searchable.

Set the text colours.

Recently selected items are saved by PRIMER and

appear higher in the list of available options. By default

the last ten selected items are saved, but this can be

changed here. To turn it off set it to zero.

The number of found items displayed in the list can be

changed here.


Tutorials

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If the installation of the Oasys Ltd software has the

$OA_INSTALL/manuals/tutorials/primer directory it

is possible to access tutorials on certain topics.

This should be the case in a full installation.

These tutorials can be found in ‘Help -> Tutorials’:

Tutorials


Mesh Morphing

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Mesh Morphing

• In previous releases of PRIMER, you could use orient + interpolate to

“morph” mesh.

• In v15 a new interactive morph tool has been introduced.

• The morph tool allows you to create bounding boxes around mesh. You

can then interactively change the size and shape of the box which in turn

changes the size and shape of the mesh.

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Mesh Morphing: Create tab

Mesh morphing can be accessed using Mesh Tools->Morph.

The mesh morphing tool consists of three tabs:

• Create tab: this tab includes options for creating a bounding

box surrounding mesh which the user wants to apply mesh

morphing on.

It is possible to create a bounding box in both GLOBAL and

LOCAL coordinate system. Using the latter option, it is

possible to identify a local coordinate system selecting 3

nodes in the model or directly selecting a

*DEFINE_COORDINATE_SYSTEM.

To select nodes to insert in bounding box, it is possible to

select node by PART, SHELL or directly by NODE.

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Mesh Morphing: Morph tab

• Morph tab: this tab includes the interactive tools to modify

the shape of the bounding box and hence morph the mesh.

The mesh morphing algorithm acts on the mesh by moving a

HANDLE. A HANDLE is corner, edge midpoint or face

midpoint of a morph box.

It is possible to move a handle in any direction, both

individually using X, Y and Z options and all together using

FREE option. The MOUSE option gives the possibility to

move a handle in any direction using left (X), middle (Y) and

right (Z) mouse button.

There are two ways of interactively selecting handles:

• INTERACTIVE: using mouse pointer, the user can

modify one handle position at a time.

• SELECTION: using mouse pointer, the user can select

several handles first and then modify handles position.

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Mesh Morphing: Morph tab (contd.)

A handle can be dragged in both GLOBAL and LOCAL

coordinate systems (CSYS). To identify a local coordinate

system it is possible to select 3 nodes in the model or

directly selecting a *DEFINE_COORDINATE_SYSTEM.

Finally, it is possible to undo the latest drag operation by

using the UNDO button.

Furthermore, it is possible to apply a specific displacement

value to a handle by using OFFSET option.

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Mesh Morphing: Reset tab

It is possible to return at the initial configuration of a specific

morph box by using the RESET button.

Note morph bounding boxes are saved after *END when

PRIMER writes a model. This means they will be available when

reading the model into a later PRIMER session.


Save Window Position

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Save window position

In PRIMER v15 if you reposition your menus, next time you open PRIMER they

will appear in this position.

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Save window position

The save window position feature

applies to the following menus:

• Part TreeThe positions are saved in

.primer_menus_15 in your home area.

Delete this file if you do not want the saved

positions.

Set the preference save_window_positions to FALSE if you do not want the

window positions to be saved at the end of each session.


Mechanisms

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The Coupler Connection

There is a new mechanism connection type COUPLER, which imposes a linear equation:

c1*(r1 or d1) + c2*(r2 or d2) = 0 or

c1*(r1 or d1) + c2*(r2 or d2) + c3*(r3 or d3) = 0,

Where:

c1, c2, c3 are user-defined coefficients and r1, r2, r3, d1, d2, d3 are rotation angles and translation distances of hinge or line connections specified on the coupler definition.

Most commonly only two connections are coupled. There are the following cases:

• Rotation against rotation.

• Rotation against translation.

• Translation against translation.

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Coupler Between Rotation and Rotation

Assume we have got a mechanism with the following connections:

• Hinge 1 between green gear and red base with axis orthogonal to the parts.

• Hinge 2 between blue gear and red base with axis orthogonal to the parts.

As the radius of the blue gear is three times the radius of the green gear, the rotation r1 of the green gear is three times the rotation r2 of the blue gear, but in reverse direction, so:

3.0 * r1 + 1.0 * r2 = 0.

This can be defined as a coupler with coefficients c1 = 3.0 and c2 = 1.0.

r1 r2

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Coupler Between Rotation and Translation

Here we assume a mechanism with the following connections:

• Hinge 1 between green gear and red base with axis orthogonal to the parts.

• Line 2 between blue rack and red base with horizontal axis.

If R is the radius of the green gear and the gear rotates by the angle r1 in radians, then the sliding distance d2 of the rack against the base is d2 = R*r1. This can be written as:

R*r1 – 1.0*d2 = 0,

so a coupler can be defined with coefficients c1 = R (in model length units) and c2 = -1.0.

r1

d2

R


Swages/Bead Creating

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Mesh Tools -> Swages

• A new tool has been added to easily create swages/beads in shell

meshes.

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Mesh Tools -> Swages (cont.)

• The tool takes inputs for swage mesh width (TOP/ BASE), swage

height and element sizes and remesh parameters values.

• The swages mesh is created along the NORMAL direction of the

shell element on which the first Swage path point was selected.

This direction can be reversed with the Reverse button.

• The SIDE ends of the swages mesh can take three different

types of shapes: CHAMFERED, SLANTED, VERTICAL.

• Also the SIDE surfaces for the swages mesh can be created with

these two methods: FREE, STRUCTURED.

• Original shell mesh is remeshed up to the distance from the

swages mesh defined by Remesh Distance and Break Angle.

• Add Remesh and Remove Remesh can be used to alter the

selection of shells to be re-meshed on the original shell mesh.

• Auto PID automatically uses the same PART ID from the shell

element on which the first swage path point was selected at.

• Swage mesh parameters can be saved as PRIMER preferences

with “Save Settings” button.


Composites

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Manual Editing

PRIMER now automatically greys ply specific fields if it determines that the edit panel in question

belongs to PRIMER's internal ply/layup cards. The user can choose to override this functionality

by clicking on the "EDIT" tab.

Users can also edit multiple ply at the same time by using the "ctrl" and "shift" buttons and clicking on the

layer buttons. Now any value set on any of the selected plys is automatically copied over to all selected

layers.

This functionality is available on the PART, (T)SHELL and COMPOSITE_LAYUP panels.

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Graphics Options

It is now possible to select and edit composite plys and layups using the quick pick menu . The

current options available for both plys and layups are:

• Blank.

• Unblank.

• Only.

• Information.

• Delete.

• Edit.

• Sketch.

• Find.

• Xrefs.

• Set current layer.

Please note that deleting plys and layups only deletes PRIMER's internal *COMPOSITE_LAYUP and

*COMPOSITE_PLY cards does not remove the corresponding data on the part/shell. This has to be done

from their corresponding edit/keyword panels

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Orient

• The Tools->Composite->Orient panel offers several

techniques with which users can set Beta angles on

composite elements/parts.

• All operations in this tab apply to a selection of plys in a

layup.

• The user is first presented with an object menu from which

to select any layup in the model.

• This then opens up another object menu with all the plys in

the selected layup.

• The user can then select the required plys and the apply

any of the orient operations to these selected plys.

• There are four options which the user can use to set

composite angles, these are:

a) Rotate Fibres.

b) Set using Vectors.

c) Map Fibres.

d) Set Beta.

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Orient: Rotate Fibres

• This option allows users to rotate the angles in the ply by the specified amount.

• The user has to enter the desired angle increment in degrees in the text box and use the + or - buttons to

rotate the fibres.

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Orient: Set using Vectors

• This option basically consists of options which are present in the ply panel, but from here, they can be

applied to a selection of plys rather than just one.

• For more details on these options, please refer to the documentation on the ply panel.

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Orient: Map Fibres

• This function can be used to interpolate fibres along map lines which can be specified by the user.

• The user has a choice of selecting free edges or map lines.

• The interpolation takes place based on the inverse (distace)^(2 x mapping parameter).

• The value of the mapping parameter is set to 1.5 by default but this can be changed by the user in

Options -> Program Options -> Composites -> Mapping Parameter.

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Orient: Map Fibres(contd.)

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Orient: Map Fibres(contd.)

• Free edges can be selected or rejected using the

mouse buttons.

• Map lines are lines along the surface of the ply and can

also be selected using the mouse.

• After the user is satisfied by the selection of free edges

and map lines, hitting “Apply” will start the interpolation

process and set the beta angles accordingly.

• This function can also be accessed from the _options

tab on ELEMENT->SHELL.

• The option is called “Map Beta” on this panel and it

functions similar to the corresponding option on the

composites panel.

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Orient: Set Beta

• This option can be used to directly set the value of beta angles on the entire ply.


Pedestrian Markup

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Pedestrian Markup

The CNCAP 2018 protocol can now be used to

mark vehicles:

This uses the plate method to find the corner

bumper.

The GTR protocol now uses this method too.

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Pedestrian Markup

The outer surface around the front of the vehicle is now approximated using tape to span any gaps, for

example in the grill area.

This is used in the WAD line calculations to stop points on the line falling into gaps.

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Pedestrian Markup

The sticks and tape used to markup the vehicle are now output to a separate model. They can then be

used as references for making design changes.

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HIC Area Tool – Added in V14

• New interactive tool for calculating and interpreting

pedestrian head impact HIC area.

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HIC Area Tool – V15 Enhancements

• New features and calculation methods added to HIC Area Tool:

Now possible to assign

and show a point name

as an alternative to a

value.

New tool to highlight which

points are close to changing

banding, based on an input

HIC delta value.

Yellow close to turning orange.

Green close to turning yellow.Option to edit an individual point by clicking it

on screen and typing a new HIC value.

New EuroNCAP v8 grid

method score calculation.

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Decomposition

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Model Decomposition

• New utility script (available in Tools->script) allows you to easily see how a model has

been split across multiple CPUs for LS-DYNA analyses.

• Reads a *decomp_parts.ses file and changes the colours of the shells, solids and

beams in a model according to the decomposition.

Model courtesy of the NHTSA website: https://www.nhtsa.gov/

https://www.nhtsa.gov/


Occupants

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New options for Dyna dummy positioning

New option to NOT attach cables to assemblies. This can be useful if the dummy is

over constrained when cables are attached to all the assemblies.

Cables

attached to all

assemblies

(default).

Press the ‘I’

toggle button

to ignore an

assembly so

cables are not

attached.


Combined Dyna Dummy Positioning

and Seatsquash

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Combined LS-DYNA Dummy Positioning and Seatsquash

For a while PRIMER has had two separate tools to create LS-DYNA models for

positioning dummies and for performing a seatsquash analysis.

In v15 a new tool has been added that can create a single model to perform both

the dummy positioning and seatsquash in one analysis. It does this by creating

cables to pull the dummy into position and means that interactions between the

various parts are taken into account.

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A floating window guides you through the process of creating the model.

The first stage is to select what type of analysis you want to setup. The options are:

• Dummy > Seat: Combined

dummy positioning and

seatsquash analysis

• Dummy: Dummy positioning

only

• One Stage: Position the dummy

and squash it into the seat in

one stage

• Two Stage: Position the dummy

in one stage and then squash it

into the seat in a second stage

• Displacement: Displacement

based cables

• Force: Force based cables

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If a combined dummy positioning and seatsquash analysis type was selected, the next stage

will ask for information required for the seatsquash analysis (part IDs, dummy to seat contact

ID, etc.):

This data is entered in the menu in the bottom right

hand corner of PRIMER.

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The next stage will ask for data required for the dummy positioning. This includes things like

which nodes the cables should be attached to, the analysis time, the stiffness for the cables,

etc.

This data is entered in the menu in the bottom right

hand corner of PRIMER.

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To set up the analysis you need to define a starting position for the dummy, an intermediate

position (if the two stage analysis option was selected) and a final position.

There are two methods for defining these

positions:

• End Position – You define the final position

and PRIMER will calculate the starting and

intermediate positions. This is the quickest

way to define the positions.

• Sequential – You define the start,

intermediate and final positions. This takes

more time to setup, but gives you more

control over the positions.

You can define multiple end positions. PRIMER will create a model for each one.

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Finally, if you selected a combined dummy positioning and seat squash analysis with the ‘end

position’ method you will need to define a vector to depenetrate the dummy out of the seat so

that PRIMER can calculate the start and intermediate dummy positions:

You can then create the model(s) to run in LS-DYNA. This will output a dynain file containing

the final coordinates which can be imported back into the original model.

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Dummy Finger Positioning

• A new script is also included to easily create finger assemblies in a dummy model.

• This allows you to position fingers within PRIMER – which can feed into simulation

based positioning.

After: Dummies fingers can now be manipulated around a steering wheel.


*DATABASE_HISTORY

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Editing *DATABASE_HISTORY

The edit panel for *DATABASE_HISTORY in PRIMER 14 has been

replaced with a generic keyword editor in PRIMER 15:

PRIMER 14

PRIMER 15

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Include files for *DATABASE_HISTORY

PRIMER 14: Only one file selector

for all *DATABASE_HISTORY

definitions. If they are in different

include files, opening and closing

the panel may spuriously move

them to a different include.

PRIMER 15: The include file selector

can be opened individually for each

*DATABASE_HISTORY entry. It is

also possible to select multiple rows

and move the entries to a new

include simultaneously.

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*DATABASE_HISTORY_NODE(_LOCAL)

PRIMER 15:

On the keyword editor the _SET, _LOCAL and

_ID suffices can now be selected all on the

same editor.

PRIMER 14:

There were two separate buttons

HISTORY_NODE and

HISTORY_NODE_LOCAL on the green

DATABASE popup. The former opened the old

edit panel and the latter a keyword editor, but it

was not easy to turn on or off the _LOCAL suffix

from either of these two panels.

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Other advantages of the keyword editor

The keyword editor has also got other advantages:

• More robust handling of *PARAMETER references

• Ability to move *DATABASE_HISTORY definitions

into a *CASE

• Exit check messages when updating the cards

• More consistency with panels for other keywords

But: If you have got macros recorded in the panel in PRIMER 14 or older versions, you will need

to replace the lines on the old *DATABASE_HISTORY edit panel with something equivalent for

the new keyword editor to get them playing back in PRIMER 15.

The next few slides show how equivalent operations can be performed on the keyword editor.

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Adding single new entries

In PRIMER 14 new entries were

made in the ID text boxes. There were

two different parts of the panel for

entries without and with _SET option.

In PRIMER 15 the ID needs to be filled in to the

entry box and then added by clicking Create. The

_SET option can be turned on and off at the

Suffices popup.

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The _ID option

In PRIMER 14 the

*DATABASE_HISTORY

entries with _ID option

can be made visible by

toggling the _ID button.

In PRIMER 15 _ID option can be selected by

right-clicking in the Suffices column and then

turning on the suffix. All existing definitions with

and without _ID appear simultaneously on the

keyword editor unless they are filtered.

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Removing entries

In PRIMER 14 on the

*DATABASE_HISTORY

edit panel entries can be

deleted by deleting the

text box entry or by

right-clicking the text

box and hitting

REMOVE.

In PRIMER 15 an entry can be removed by right-clicking on the

row and clicking Delete. The deletion should be confirmed by

clicking Delete Items -> Delete sel -> Continue.

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Adding multiple entries

In PRIMER 14 multiple entries can be

added using the Add… buttons.

In PRIMER 15 the

MULTIPLE.. option at

the ID popup on the

entry row should be

used to open a similar

selection menu.

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Removing multiple entries

In PRIMER 14 multiple entries can

be removed using the Remove…

buttons.

In PRIMER 15 multiple

entries can be removed by

clicking Options… ->

Select…, making a

selection from the object

menu, right-clicking on any

of the highlighted row

buttons and then clicking

Delete in the same way as

in the single remove case.


Connections

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New Options for Spotweld Alignment

• New options have been added for the orientation and alignment of

spotwelds created in PRIMER:

Align solid with free edge – Align spotweld axis with closest free

edge.

Consider feature lines for alignment – Consider local feature lines

as well as free edges when aligning spotweld – a break angle can

also be modified to specify the feature line.

Always align flat edge – always align a flat edge of a solid

spotweld with the closest free edge/feature line.

Ignore inner layers for alignment – only consider the outer layers

of parts being joined together for alignment – i.e. ignore free

edges/feature lines on the inner layers.

Alignment search distance – Search distance for finding free

edges/feature lines near the spotweld.

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Adhesive Patch – Cohesive Elements

• When creation adhesive patches, it is now possible to specify that any pentahedrons created follow the

cohesive node topology order (n1,n2,n3,n3,n4,n5,n6,n6) rather than the normal order

(n1,n2,n3,n4,n5,n5.n6.n6)

1

2

3

4

5

6


Parameters

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Parameters in Model -> Merge

• There are now new options to control

the behaviour of parameters with

clashing names when merging

models. In PRIMER 14 some of these

definitions were lost without warning.

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Renaming Parameters

• When changing the name of a

parameter on the edit panel and there

are several (probably _LOCAL or

_MUTABLE) parameters with the

same name in the model, PRIMER

now asks whether all of them should

be renamed at the same time.


Node

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Node Drag

• Now in node->drag panel using N1-

>N2 mode, it is possible to select the

first node on the target model and the

second node on any models.

• Also in the node->drag panel, it is

now possible to drag nodes in the

screen XYZ direction.


Meshing

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Improved Meshing

• General meshing quality improvements:

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Improved Meshing

• Removing holes with a large curvature is more reliable:

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Improved Meshing

• Adding ‘caps’ using planar surface option is more reliable:

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Improved Meshing

• Removing highly irregular holes is more reliable:

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Creating Holes

• When creating holes, the user can now set the washer layers to a specific

part ID.

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Mesh Splitting

• Some modifications have been made for the

case of spitting triangular meshes into two.

• Now splitting occurs along the longest edge

and if there is a possibility of nodal merging,

then that option is preferred.

• This should reduce some of the mesh

transition issues that used to occur with this

type of mesh splitting.


Beams on Nodes

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Mesh Tools -> Beams -> On Nodes

• Added a new tool in Mesh Tools-> Beams-> On Nodes.

• The tools lets user to pick any number of nodes and

create beams joining those nodes in the pick order.

• All beams will have same part (PID) and orientation node

(N3) defined in the panel. N3 is kept optional for creation

of beams.

• The beams will be created connecting nodes in the exact

order of selection by the user.

• An extra beam can also be created connecting the first

and the last nodes in the selection list. This is based on

the user selection in 'Create as' pop-up option.

• Also, added a new UNDO type and its preference for this

purpose: "undo_beam_on_nodes".


Preview Ruled Mesh

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Mesh Tools -> Mesh -> Ruled Mesh

• Added a new ‘Preview Mesh’ button for RULED Mesh

panel.


Align Solids

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Align Solids

• Added menus into “Solid Align” panel to allow the user to

align the solid elements along at least one and at most two

element axes.

• Seed align should be used if you wish to align elements to

the vector directions defined by nodes of another

element. Vector align should be used if you wish to align

elements with a specified vector, either defined by an input

box or by selecting 2 nodes.

• "First Align" is the first axes to be aligned and "Second

Align" is to align the second axes after alignment of the

first axes. Second axis alignment is optional.

• When the second align option is ON, the "Vector Align" is

not possible.

• To align the second axes, the first axes alignment may

have to be changed. For this purpose, the "Angle

Tolerance" value can be modified. This value is the

maximum angle allowed between the final first axes and

the first axes direction achieved.

• Also added a new preference "align_solid_axes_tol_angle"

for Angle tolerance. Default value 15.0. Limits (0.0 - 90.0).


Contact Friction

Back to Contents

Investigating Friction

• Contact friction coefficient values are important in any LS-DYNA model.

• There are now a variety of ways of setting friction coefficient values used

in contacts:

• The *CONTACT card itself.

• The *CONTROL_CONTACT card.

• *PART_CONTACT cards.

• *DEFINE_FRICTION cards.

• If you have a combination of the above methods, it can be difficult to

understand which friction coefficient values are used in your model.

• New tools in PRIMER allow you to investigate these values.

Back to Contents

Contact Friction Write

• Select the contacts

• Select output file

formal Excel or Csv.

• Enter the destination

file

• Provide image

dimensions and

background details

• Hit ‘Apply’ to write

Back to Contents

Contact Friction Plotting

• Select a part. After part selection a list of all

contacts which refer to the selected part will

be shown.

• Select a contact from the list followed by

‘Apply’.

• All the parts in the selected contact will be

shown in the exploded view.


Orient

Back to Contents

Orient

• In the node drag panel using N1->N2

mode, it is now possible to select the

first node on the target model and the

second node on any other model.

• In the project panel, when projecting

using the arbitrary plane, it is possible to

select an additional optional node which

can be used to offset the selected

projection plane to that nodal location.

This optional node can be selected

using the "Pick O Nd" button.

• It is now possible to select *SHELLS

and *SET_SHELL as the contact target

in orient using contact.


Measure

Back to Contents

Measure – Node to Node

• In the Node to Node panel, it is now possible to

edit the vector box and set N2 based on the input

vector direction and/or magnitude.

Back to Contents

Measure – Part to Part

• Part to part measure now supports contour plot

• Multiple parts on each side can be included

• Measure updates as parts added/removed

Back to Contents

Mesh Volume Analysis Tool

This is a tool for analysing the volume of

closed meshes.

Key features include:

• Advanced visualisation such as liquid

line visualisation.

• Choosing tilt angles or Local

Coordinate Systems.

• Calculations on fuel tank:

• Full tank volume.

• Step-by-step volume calculation.

• Wetted surface.

• Writing these results to Excel.

Back to Contents

Step-by-step volume calculation:

• Input volume - output height

• Input height - output volume

Mesh Volume Analysis Tool

GUI panel.

Wet surface area up to the line.

Relative

height

Liquid

volume

Wet

surface

20 4171 1254

18 4049 1154

16 3727 1015

14 3259 884

12 2689 760

10 2073 633

8 1456 490

6 886 358

4 424 238

2 113 91

Relative

heightLiquid

volumeWet

surface

17.6 4000 1123

15.0 3500 958

13.1 3000 822

11.4 2500 720

9.8 2000 610

8.2 1500 501

6.4 1000 391

4.4 500 254

Excel results.

Excel results.

GUI panel.


Mass Contour

Back to Contents

NS MASS CONTOUR: Part plot vs Nodal plot

• Contour Plot > Part Mass (NS added mass) gives

aggregate value for added mass on part (or part set).

• For details of local mass distribution use Node Plot > Node

Mass with ELEMENT_MASS_PART selected under

settings.


Checking Improvements

Back to Contents

Model Check

• Model checking continues to be an integral part of PRIMER.

• ~500 new checks added into v15 compared to v14.

• Now ~7200 individual checks in PRIMER.

Back to Contents

Model Check reports omitted keyout items

When keyword output targets a version of LS-DYNA that pre-dates new keywords, or new data fields on

existing keywords, PRIMER has historically reported this only during keyout itself, for example:

This was annoying because you only discovered unsupported keywords when you came to write the model

out to disk.

This information is now captured during Model Check and is reported along with “ordinary” errors/warnings.

For example here is the Model Check error tree output from the Model above:

Back to Contents

Model Check reports omitted keyout items

This is configurable in the Model Check, Options panel

under category “Other”:

• The LS-DYNA output version can be set here (this is

the same as the setting in the Model Write panel).

• Omitted keywords can be reported as warnings

(default) or as errors, or the check can be suppressed.

This status can be stored as a preference.

Limitation:

This information is only available in the context of Model Check, it will not appear in “local” checking

functions, for example from an editing panel.

This is because it requires a “pseudo-keyout” pass through the model to collect and store errors, which is

information that can become out of date very quickly as the model is edited, so it cannot be stored and re-

used.

Back to Contents

“Check” generally shows more details

PRIMER’s “check” functions have always summarised data briefly, for example:

ERROR: JNTC_13 JOINT_xxx: Node 1 is not on a rigid body

ERROR: JNTC_29: Nodal pair (1,2) not coincident. Fails LS-DYNA test

They also have the ability to give more detailed information about the error, for example:

(Nodal separation = 1.3e-2, exceeds 1.0e-3 LS-DYNA test)

(Node list is: 11369 22414)

(No rigid part/set for node 1)

However this “detailed” information was not reported in all contexts, meaning that it was sometimes

necessary to resort to a different checking context, or maybe to edit the item, to find out more information

about the problem.

“Detailed” checks are now the default in most contexts, in particular under the [Keyword] Check

summaries.

Back to Contents

Dashboard Improvements

• Can now compute model health using the results of all other dashboards.

• This should be done in the script named “model_health.config.js” which should be placed

along with the other user defined dashboard scripts.

• Results from all other dashboards can also be accessed from this script.

• A new tile called “Keyword Cull Check” has been added to the dashboard which lists all the

keywords/fields which will be culled by writing out the model in the current LS-DYNA output

version.

• The dashboard can now be run in batch mode using the syntax:

• DASHBOARD MODEL <n> DASHFILE <filename> APPLY

Back to Contents

LS-DYNA Output File Reader – V14

Back to Contents


• In addition to errors and warnings, PRIMER can now read “termination”

style messages:

Back to Contents


• The dyna output reader can now be run in batch mode using the syntax:

• DYNA_OUTPUT MODEL <n> DYN_OUT_FILE <filename> APPLY


Improved Model Read and Write

Back to Contents

Improved Model Read and Write

Model read and write speeded up.

• Parallelisation and efficiency improvements mean that V15 reads a typical model in about 60% of

the time of V14.

• Model write is also faster taking about 70% of the time, but if a model has many include files then

the speed up will be greater.

• Input and output to a slow network disk are also improved due to better buffering and

parallelisation.

New optional Binary keyword output format added

• Files start off in ASCII, so the tops of file (e.g. comments) remain readable.

• After (new) *START_BINARY keyword they swap to binary.

• Binary file size is typically 30% of original ASCII keyword file and writes to disk in about 25% of the

time of the equivalent ASCII file. File read is also faster than ASCII as no conversion is needed.

• Binary format preserves original formatting, and can be turned back into a normal ASCII formatted

keyword file using a standalone programme as well as PRIMER.

• Binary format is used for “Undo”, speeding up the disk i/o of this substantially.

Back to Contents

Improved Model Read and Write (ctd)

Optional data compression has been added.

• Files can be compressed to gzip (.gz) format typically found on *nix systems. So “name.key”

becomes “name.key.gz”.

• Files can also be compressed to Winzip (.zip) format typically found on Windows systems. So

“name.key” becomes “name.zip”. Models with multiple include files can be compressed into a

single .zip archive containing master file and all includes in an embedded INCL directory.

• The degree of compression is user-configurable, the default level giving file sizes about 25% of the

original ASCII files. This default is the lowest level of compression since this fastest, higher levels

can be used to give smaller files, but at the expense of longer keyword output times.

• Binary format can also be compressed, typically resulting in files that are < 20% of the size of the

original ASCII files.

The following table shows file sizes and timings for reading and writing a typical 5m element

automotive model using the various format and compression options.

Vers-

ion

Original ASCII file

(592MB)

Binary file

(201MB)

Compressed ASCII

(159MB)

Compressed

binary (98MB)

V14 Read 25s Write 45s n/a n/a n/a

V15 Read 17s Write 33s Read 10s Write 9s Read 16s Write 30s Read 11s Write 10s

Back to Contents

Improved Model Read and Write (ctd)

The Model Write panel has been reconfigured to use “tabs”, making it clearer and easier to use

on a shallow display (e.g. wide screen laptop).

The new “Compress” tab (on the right above) gives access to the new compression and binary

output options.

(Input of binary and compressed files is automatic: the file type is deduced from its extension, and

sections of binary encoding from the *START_BINARY keyword in the file itself.)


Integration with Post-Processing

Back to Contents

Integration

• With the Oasys Ltd. products you would traditionally look at LS-DYNA

input files and output files separately.

• It is often desirable to access both sets of information at the same time,

for example:

• With output results, wanting to look at material properties for a part that has

failed.

• In the input model, wanting to look at spotweld failure of a current analysis

when deciding how to change your spotweld configuration.

• The ZTF file (written by PRIMER) allows some model information to be

transferred to D3PLOT to aid this.

• In V15 there is also an ability to open one piece of software from another

with the contents linked to allow easy access to both sets of information.

Back to Contents

Integration

Shared memory

Can exchange:

- Viewing attributes

- Cut sections

- Model data

Shared memory

Can exchange:

- Curve information

- Edit entities

Socket link

Can exchange:

- Timeline etc.

Back to Contents

Integration

A new capability to link PRIMER and the post-

processing tools (D3PLOT and T/HIS) has been

added in version 15

This option is activated by clicking on the POST

button at the top of the PRIMER Tools Menu.

This option opens a shared memory connection

between PRIMER and D3PLOT/T/HIS that allows

commands and data to be exchanged between the

two codes.

The POST button launches the “Post” status panel

shown here, from which linkage is managed.

Back to Contents

Integration

Add to D3PLOT

Find Results

Disconnect

PRIMER has found the results

automatically.

PRIMER cannot find the results,

browse for it manually to add this

model to the D3PLOT or T/HIS

session.

Model is currently linked with

D3PLOT or T/HIS. Disconnect the

link. Both programmes are left open

but they are no longer synchronized

Add to T/HIS

Back to Contents

Integration: PRIMER <-> D3PLOT

It is possible to synchronise the following attributes across the D3PLOT link:

Viewing: The current view (orientation, scale, position) including dynamic viewing.

Visibility: The current blanking and entity visibility status.

Attributes: The colour, transparency and plotting mode.

Xsec: Cut-section attributes, including dragging.

Back to Contents

Integration: PRIMER <-> D3PLOT

D3PLOT PRIMER

Plotting modes,

blanking, zoom levels,

cut sections are all

synced

Back to Contents

Integration: PRIMER <-> T/HIS

Load curves can be sent from PRIMER to a linked T/HIS session. T/HIS can then

perform various operation on these curves and the updated curves can be sent

back to PRIMER.


Scripting

Back to Contents

JavaScript API – New Features

• Now it is possible to read a JT format file by using Model.Read("/data/test/file.jt", Model.JT, 10).

• It is now possible to launch a contact pen check edit panel by using Contact.PenCheckEdit().

• The WidgetItem class now supports the monospace property.

• The Shell class now has an Area() method to calculate the area of the shell.

• The Solid class now has an Volume() method to calculate the volume of the solid.

• Shell.MakeNormalConsistentFlagged() now returns an array containing the shells that have had

normal reversed.

• The Model class now has a CopyFlagged() method to copy flagged items to another model.

• The Window background property can now be used with the output from Colour.RGB().

• The Material class now has a optionalCards property to query and an AddOptionalCards() method to

add any optional extra cards for the material.

• CrossSection.Properties() now includes center of gravity in the global coordinate system.

Back to Contents

JavaScript API – Visual Studio Intellisense

Writing JavaScripts can be time consuming when trying to remember which

functions are available in which classes and the number and order of arguments

in the functions. To find out, you would normally have to go searching for it in the

manual and doing this over and over again is frustrating and time consuming.

One way to speed up writing scripts is to use software that provides information as

you write your script. One such program is Visual Studio (produced by Microsoft)

which uses something called ‘Intellisense’ to list objects, functions and parameters

as you type, e.g.

List of

functions/properties Select the function Press the ‘Tab’

key to select

Back to Contents

JavaScript API – Visual Studio Intellisense

In v14 a primer.intellisense.js file located in the ‘Oasys 14/Intellisense’ directory could be

used to provide Intellisense for the PRIMER JS API, e.g.

The latest version of Visual Studio can no longer use this file; it now uses a Typescript

declaration file (*.d.ts) instead. In v15 this is provided as well as the old file, so either

version of Visual Studio can be used.

Note that Visual Studio downloads are large (a few GBytes) and an alternative is to use

Visual Studio Code. This is a lightweight code editor with excellent support for JavaScript

editing. We would recommend using this instead of Visual Studio. A word document in the

Oasys 15/Intellisense directory gives instructions on how to download it and set things up

to use the Intellisense file.

Show static functionsShow a description of the function

and parameters, list the parameters and show the return type

Back to Contents

JavaScript API – Widget Image Colours

In v14 PRIMER only supported a limited number of colours for widget images.

In v15 PRIMER now uses full 24 bit colour for images.

Back to Contents

JavaScript API – Font Sizes

• Font sizes of

Widget.LABEL and

Widget.BUTTON can now

be controlled though the

Javascript API.

• Both LATIN1 and UTF-8

encoded fonts are

supported on Windows but

Linux only supports

LATIN1.

• Currently only the following

point sizes are supported:

8, 10, 12, 14, 18, 24.

Back to Contents

JavaScript API – Keyout Hook

• PRIMER now supports the running of a JavaScript “hook” just before writing out a keyword

deck.

• This can be used by customers to enforce company specific best practice rules/guidelines

when writing out a model.

• This script can then be used to either proceed with or abort the keyout process.

• The script should be located in primer_library/scripts/hooks/ and should be named

“keyout_hook.js”.

• This hook is currently active from the regular model write tab, the dialogue box and the

include tree.

Back to Contents

JavaScript API – File.ReadCSV()

• Now it is possible to read a CSV file through Javascript API ReadCSV()

in File Class.

• The API reads the input CSV file and returns an array of string arrays.

• If the CSV file has legitimate records the function returns an Array object

containing sub-arrays of strings otherwise the function returns NULL.

• The lengths of all the sub-arrays are the same and equal to maximum

number of fields in any of the records. For records in a CSV file having

fewer fields, the respective sub-arrays are padded with NULL elements

to the maximum array length


Save Settings to Preference File

Back to Contents

Save Settings to Preference File

• Settings for Seatsquash Squash, Import and Export options can now be

saved directly to the oa_pref file using new buttons.


Miscellaneous

Back to Contents

Renumber Rigid Patches

• It is now possible to renumber small

rigid patches. A small rigid patch is

defined as a rigid part with is smaller

than a specified reference length.

• The reference length (w.r.t. part

diagonal) can be set in the Options-

>Program options->Renumber panel.

• While working on RIGID_PATCHES,

the parts which are classified as rigid

patches are excluded from the PART

tab in the same panel.

Back to Contents

Seatbelts Panel

• It is now possible to launch the

seatbelts fitting options panel from the

main fitting panel as well.

• This panel is also launched when

initially entering the “2. Fit->” panel

and from ‘Define path->Tools…”

Back to Contents

*INCLUDE_STAMPED_PARTS

• It is now possible to read all the

*INCLUDE_STAMPED_PART

definitions in the entire model by right

clicking on the model icon and clicking

on the 'Read all S.P." button.

• This read function automatically

merges any nodes which may be

present and a summary of the labels

decashed/merged is presented to the

user.

• It is also possible to read in stamped

parts from the quick pick menu for

*PART.

Back to Contents

Model ->Write – do not write xref comments

• By default PRIMER will write cross reference information as comments for load curves and sets. This

can increase file size significantly on certain models that use a significant number of load curves or

sets. A new model write option has been added to allow the user to turn off the writing of these

comments.

With this option OFF,

these comments will

not be written (default

is ON

Back to Contents

Cut Section Properties

• The cross section panel now

includes center of gravity in the

global coordinate system.

Back to Contents

Part Tree

• The part tree now has an option

which can be used to create

items.

Back to Contents

PRIMER’s local element axes function now includes support for thick shells

*MAT aopt specifications, *PART_COMPOSITE, _BETA, _COMPOSITE (on *ELEMENT_TSHELL) are all

supported

Thick Shell Local Element Axes

Back to Contents

Save and restore ‘Part tree’ window position and size

• When PRIMER is closed and re-opened, the position and size of the ‘Part tree’

window is restored.

• In PRIMER 14 this window was always docked when PRIMER was re-opened.

Back to Contents

Contact Information

For more information please contact the following:

www.arup.com/dyna

or contact your local Oasys Ltd distributor

UK:

The Arup Campus

Blythe Valley Park

Solihull

B90 8AE

United Kingdom

T +44 121 213 3399

[email protected]

China:

Arup

39F/41F

Huaihai Plaza

1045 Huaihai Road (M)

Xuhui District

Shanghai 200031

China

T +86 21 3118 8875

[email protected]

India:

Arup

Ananth Info Park

HiTec City

Madhapur Phase-II

Hyderabad 500081, Telangana

India

T +91 40 44369797 / 98

[email protected]

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