CHAPTER 9Joints

Copyright © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Principles ofHuman Anatomy

Eleventh EditionGerard J. Tortora

&

Mark T. Nielsen

Articulations = JointsArticulations = Joints

Points of contact between:Bones Bones and CartilageBones and Teeth

Arthrology – the study of joints Kinesiology – the study of motion of the

human body

Functional ClassificationsSynarthroses (immovable)Amphiarthroses ( partially movable)Diarthroses (freely movable)

Structural ClassificationFibrousCartilaginousSynovial

Synovial FluidSynovial Fluid

Synovial fluid consists of: Hyaluronic acid Interstitial fluid from plasma

Functions of synovial fluid Lubrication Reduce friction between structures Supply nutrients Remove waste products Phagocytosis of microbes & debris

Movement at jointsMovement at joints

Structure & Shape of Bones Involved Strength & Tension of Ligaments Arrangement & Tension of MusclesOpposing Soft Parts Hormones Disuse

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Demonstrate an understanding of both the structural and functional classifications of joints

Describe the different types of synovial joints and give examples

Know the functions of synovial fluid and where it comes from

Describe the factors that affect movement at synovial joints

Describe the different types of movement of joints (be able to give examples)

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Demonstrate an understanding of both the structural and functional classifications of joints

Describe the different types of synovial joints and give examples

Know the functions of synovial fluid and where it comes from

Describe the factors that affect movement at synovial joints