Principles of Principles of PsychologyPsychology

September 25, 2008September 25, 2008

Stimulation Stimulation

Socialization Socialization

Identity Identity

Control Control

Stimulation Stimulation

When people are When people are stimulatedstimulated, they are more , they are more alert, more creative and alert, more creative and more productive. more productive.

The state of arousal is a The state of arousal is a state. It does not have to state. It does not have to be caused by the work at be caused by the work at hand. hand.

StimulationStimulation

People are People are stimulated stimulated by an by an environment environment which is which is interesting, interesting, varying, varying, changing.changing.

Changes can be made by Changes can be made by regular revision (such as regular revision (such as changing pictures on the walls).changing pictures on the walls).

You You cancan change change the the ccoolloorr, ,

texture, etctexture, etc

Curves and Curves and changing changing lightlight

Other people are Other people are stimulating in their stimulating in their conversation and actions conversation and actions

Stimulation can be over-done, Stimulation can be over-done, causing shock or confusion causing shock or confusion

Too sudden or changes Too sudden or changes with too much contrast. with too much contrast.

Too Too brightbright or or ttoooo mmaannyy ccoolloorrss. .

Too many angles or Too many angles or changes in direction.changes in direction.

SocializationSocialization

SocializationSocialization in the study of in the study of animal and human behavior animal and human behavior is the process by which is the process by which human beingshuman beings or or animalsanimals learn to adopt the behavior learn to adopt the behavior patterns of the community in patterns of the community in which they live. which they live.

For both humans and For both humans and animals, this is typically animals, this is typically thought to occur during the thought to occur during the early stages of lifeearly stages of life, during , during which individuals develop which individuals develop the skills and knowledge the skills and knowledge necessary to function within necessary to function within their culture and their culture and environment. environment.

However, this also includes However, this also includes adult individuals moving into adult individuals moving into an environment significantly an environment significantly different from one(s) in different from one(s) in which they have previously which they have previously lived and must thus learn a lived and must thus learn a new set of behaviors. new set of behaviors.

SOCILIZATIONSOCILIZATION

We have a strong need for a We have a strong need for a sense of sense of belongingbelonging. .

This is a reason some This is a reason some people get depressed when people get depressed when they are alone for a long they are alone for a long period of timeperiod of time

Ways to BelongWays to Belongon the down lowon the down low

Sitting near Sitting near them. them.

Being able to Being able to look at one look at one another. another.

Receiving the Receiving the same benefits same benefits and services.and services.

Being in the Being in the same area as same area as others, listening others, listening to people talk to people talk

Other, more obvious, ways to Other, more obvious, ways to belongbelong

Join a teamJoin a team Join an organizationJoin an organization Take classesTake classes Book ClubBook Club

Most common form of Most common form of Socialization - TALKINGSocialization - TALKING

Face to Face is the most Face to Face is the most powerfulpowerful

Indirect communicationIndirect communication

Body LanguageBody Language Technology – Text, email, page, Technology – Text, email, page,

etc…etc… WrittenWritten

We will initiate conversation We will initiate conversation only if we feel sufficiently only if we feel sufficiently safe and uninhibited – with safe and uninhibited – with friends, familyfriends, family

If we feel fear – less likely to If we feel fear – less likely to initiate conversation or talk initiate conversation or talk to strangers - why internet to strangers - why internet dating is so populardating is so popular

IDENTITYIDENTITY

an individual's an individual's comprehension of him or comprehension of him or herself as a discrete, herself as a discrete, separate entityseparate entity

INDIVIDUALISMINDIVIDUALISM WHO WE AREWHO WE ARE

ERIK ERIKSONERIK ERIKSON

Erik Erikson Erik Erikson was one of was one of the earliest the earliest psychologistpsychologists to be s to be explicitly explicitly interested in interested in identity identity

Continuity Continuity

When change occurs When change occurs continuously over timecontinuously over time

EGOEGO

the “self”the “self” personal idiosyncrasies personal idiosyncrasies

(characteristic, habit, (characteristic, habit, mannerism)mannerism) that separate that separate one person from the nextone person from the next

collection of social roles that collection of social roles that a person might playa person might play

two areas of interesttwo areas of interest

““I”I” active aspect of active aspect of

the person the person We are not We are not

automatons. We automatons. We do not blindly do not blindly follow rules. We follow rules. We constructconstruct a a response on the response on the basis of what we basis of what we have learned, the have learned, the 'me'. 'me'.

““ME”ME” socialized aspect socialized aspect

of the person of the person It is what is It is what is

learned in learned in interaction with interaction with others and (more others and (more generally) with the generally) with the environment environment

““ME”ME” This includes both This includes both

knowledge about that knowledge about that environment (including environment (including society), but society), but alsoalso about about who he or she is: his or who he or she is: his or her 'sense of self'. her 'sense of self'.

MEME

This is because the person learns to This is because the person learns to see who he or she is (man or see who he or she is (man or woman, old or young, etc.) by woman, old or young, etc.) by observing the responses of others to observing the responses of others to himself/herself or his/her actions. himself/herself or his/her actions.

If others respond to the person as If others respond to the person as (for instance) a woman, the person (for instance) a woman, the person develops a sense of herself indeed develops a sense of herself indeed as a woman. as a woman.

I + ME = SELFI + ME = SELF Taken together, the 'I' and Taken together, the 'I' and

the 'me' form the person the 'me' form the person or the 'self'or the 'self'

ControlControl

We have a fundamental We have a fundamental need for a sense of need for a sense of control control

Choice – if we have a Choice – if we have a choice, we are more likely choice, we are more likely to become more activeto become more active

Drawback of choicesDrawback of choices

Too many choices, however, Too many choices, however, causes confusion and causes confusion and uncertainty, decreasing our uncertainty, decreasing our sense of control.sense of control.

For some, 2 choices is too For some, 2 choices is too many, others can many, others can handle more handle more choiceschoices

Control is increased by Control is increased by certainty, completion, certainty, completion, predictability predictability

QUIZ TOMORROWQUIZ TOMORROW

Review the 4 principles of Review the 4 principles of PsychologyPsychology

You will not be able to use notesYou will not be able to use notes This will be an individual This will be an individual

assignment.assignment. Your folders are due tomorrow Your folders are due tomorrow

with all notes.with all notes.