Prior to European voyages of discovery in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries,

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20% 20% 20%20%20%1. John Mandeville traveled to Afghanistan and India for the king of France

2. Prester John created a Christian kingdom east of Suez

3. the Polo family of Venice visited the court of Kublai Khan

4. Thomas established a Christian community in southern India

5. the Vikings established permanent settlements in North America

Portuguese exploration off the coast of Africa was sponsored by

1 2 3 4 5

20% 20% 20%20%20%

1. John Mandeville2. Prince Henry the

Navigator3. Marco Polo4. Isabella of Spain5. Prester John

By the mid-fifteenth century, the Portuguese

1 2 3 4 5

20% 20% 20%20%20%1. established trade

connections along the coast of West Africa

2. controlled much of the east Asian sea trade

3. claimed several islands in the Caribbean

4. built several large colonies in southern Africa

5. abandoned economic ventures in the Atlantic Ocean

When Columbus set sail in August of 1492, he intended to

1 2 3 4 5

20% 20% 20%20%20%1. accurately measure the circumference of the earth

2. follow Portuguese trade routes along the coast of Africa

3. discover new lands in the Caribbean and Central America

4. reach Asia by sailing west5. reach America by sailing

east

Perhaps the most effective part of Cortés’ plan to conquer Mexico was

1 2 3 4 5

20% 20% 20%20%20%1. his importation of war

horses from Cuba2. the devastating effect of

the European disease smallpox

3. his use of gold to bribe Indian officials

4. his creation of alliances with Indian groups that hated Aztec rule

5. his decision to subdue the Maya before taking on the Aztec

The Spanish colonial system of encomienda made possible the

1 2 3 4 5

20% 20% 20%20%20%1. conversion of American

Indians to Catholicism2. virtual enslavement of the

Native American populations

3. survival of Indian works of art and literature

4. importation of African slaves to compensate for Indians lost to diseases

5. fair treatment of Native American laborers

The triangular trade involved the exchange of manufactured goods, slaves and raw materials and connected

1 2 3 4 5

20% 20% 20%20%20%

1. Europe, Africa, and America

2. Europe, Asia, and America3. Asia, Africa, and America4. North America, Europe,

and Central America5. North America, the

Caribbean, and Africa

The high mortality rate for Africans being brought to America was due in part to

1 2 3 4 5

20% 20% 20%20%20%1. suicides by those who

realized their fate2. inhumane methods of

transoceanic transportation

3. infections incurred from wounds in wars they had just fought and lost

4. lack of housing on the plantations where they were put to work

5. exposure to tropical diseases

India eventually came under the control of the British crown because of

1 2 3 4 5

20% 20% 20%20%20%1. the financial and

administrative successes of the East India Company

2. Prime Minister Robert Clive, who led Parliament to support the move

3. Lord Macartney, who used Boers to quell local rebellions

4. King James I, who granted colonists their first charter

5. a military victory over the Dutch in the mid-seventeenth century

The Qing dynasty

1 2 3 4 5

20% 20% 20%20%20%1. reached its peak of power in the mid-nineteenth century

2. was replaced by the Ming dynasty

3. was established by inhabitants of Manchuria

4. conquered much of northern India

5. treated European leaders as equals

France eventually lost its North American empire to Britain because

1 2 3 4 5

20% 20% 20%20%20%1. of unrest in the northern provinces

2. Quebec settlers lost respect for their French governors

3. French settlers married natives and lost their French identity

4. Louis XIV granted New France sovereignty early

5. it spent its resources on European conflicts rather than on New France

According to the economic theories of mercantilism,

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20% 20% 20%20%20%1. a nation should import more

than it exports2. governments should impose

no restraints on trade3. the best product at the

lowest price will defeat all competition

4. gold and silver are less important to a nation than its labor pool

5. a nation should expand its trade and prosperity at the expense of others

A characteristic of Europe’s economy in the eighteenth century was

1 2 3 4 5

20% 20% 20%20%20%1. its move from agriculture

to manufacturing 2. a series of monopolies

granted by monarchs to banking concerns

3. an increase in investment “bubbles” that burst

4. the great increase in overseas trade

5. a breakdown in trade relations with Africa and Asia

By the end of the eighteenth century, Great Britain

1 2 3 4 5

20% 20% 20%20%20%1. was no longer a monarchy2. started to organize their

empire3. was the great European

imperial power4. was second to Spain in

colonial holdings5. had isolated itself from

European colonization

Christianity was spread in the newly conquered areas primarily by

1 2 3 4 5

20% 20% 20%20%20%1. Catholic missionaries2. Lutheran missionaries3. Calvinist missionaries4. Anglican missionaries5. the exportation of

bibles translated into native languages