pro ii 8.1 - user guide

PRO/II 8.1 USER GUIDE

License and Copyright Information PRO/II 8.1 The software described in this guide is furnished under a written agreement and may be used only in accordance with the terms and conditions of the license agreement under which you obtained it. The technical documentation is being delivered to you AS IS and Invensys Systems, Inc. makes no warranty as to its accuracy or use. Any use of the technical documentation or the information contained therein is at the risk of the user. Documentation may include technical or other inaccuracies or typographical errors. Invensys Systems, Inc. reserves the right to make changes without prior notice.

Copyright Notice 2007 Invensys Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, broadcasting, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from Invensys Systems, Inc.

Trademarks PRO/II and Invensys SIMSCI-ESSCOR are trademarks of Invensys plc, its subsidiaries and affiliates.

AMSIM is a trademark of DBR Schlumberger Canada Limited.

Visual Fortran is a trademark of Intel Corporation.

RATEFRAC software is a trademark registered to Koch-Glitsch. This applies to all printed and electronic documents.

BATCHFRAC software is a trademark registered to Koch-Glitsch. This applies to all printed and electronic documents.

Windows 98, Windows ME, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Window 2003, Windows XP and MS-DOS are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

Adobe, Acrobat, Exchange, and Reader are trademarks of Adobe Systems, Inc.

All other products may be trademarks of their respective companies. U.S. GOVERNMENT RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND The Software and accompanying written materials are provided with restricted rights. Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data And Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 or in subparagraphs (c) (1) and (2) of the Commercial Computer Software-Restricted Rights clause at 48 C.F.R. 52.227-19, as applicable. The Contractor/Manufacturer is: Invensys Systems, Inc. (Invensys SIMSCI-ESSCOR) 26561 Rancho Parkway South, Suite 100, Lake Forest, CA 92630, USA. Printed in the United States of America, March 2007

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Using PRO/II........................................................................................1 Before Starting PRO/II .....................................................................................1 Starting PRO/II..................................................................................................2 PRO/II Main Window Components.................................................................3 Using the Menus ..............................................................................................6 Using the Floating Palettes.............................................................................9 Using the Toolbar ............................................................................................9 Using the PRO/II Main Window.....................................................................14

Chapter 2 Simulation Basics ...........................................................................15 General Approach..........................................................................................15

Run the Process Simulation ........................................................................17 Analyze the Simulation Results...................................................................17

Building the Flowsheet .................................................................................17 Unit Operations............................................................................................17 Streams .......................................................................................................17

Required Data.................................................................................................18 Components ................................................................................................18 Thermodynamic Methods............................................................................18 Stream Information......................................................................................19 Unit Operations............................................................................................19 Miscellaneous Data .....................................................................................19

Default Data....................................................................................................20 Optional Data..................................................................................................21

Chapter 3 Managing PFD Files ........................................................................23 Opening a New Simulation ...........................................................................23 Opening an Existing Simulation...................................................................24 Saving the Current Simulation .....................................................................25 Closing a Simulation .....................................................................................26 Deleting a Simulation ....................................................................................27

Table of Contents - I

Copying a Simulation ....................................................................................28 Importing a PRO/II Keyword Input File ........................................................30 Exporting Simulation Data to a PRO/II Keyword File .................................33 Export Data to Excel Using Spreadsheet Tools .........................................37 Copying Property Table Data to the Clipboard...........................................37 Copy/Paste Stream Data in an Excel Sheet ................................................38

Chapter 4 Building a Flowsheet ......................................................................39 Setting Simulation Preferences....................................................................39 Placing a Unit on the Flowsheet...................................................................49 Canceling Unit Placement.............................................................................51 Drawing Streams ...........................................................................................52

Connecting Streams When One Unit is Not Visible ....................................55 Changing the Flowsheet Layout ..................................................................56 Drawing Freehand Objects ...........................................................................58

Chapter 5 Manipulating Objects ......................................................................63 Selecting Objects or Groups of Objects .....................................................63

Selecting a Group of Objects ......................................................................64 Resizing an Object.........................................................................................65 Rearranging Objects or Groups of Objects ................................................66 Editing Text ....................................................................................................68

Chapter 6 Viewing Flowsheet Contents..........................................................69 Scrolling the PFD...........................................................................................69 Zooming..........................................................................................................69 Opening Multiple Viewport Windows ..........................................................70 Redraw the Simulation ..................................................................................71 Panning...........................................................................................................71 Moving the Bounding Box ............................................................................73

Chapter 7 Data Entry Windows.........................................................................75 Defining the Simulation.................................................................................75 Selecting Components..................................................................................77

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Modifying Component Properties................................................................78 Selecting Thermodynamic Methods ............................................................79 Selecting Assay Data ....................................................................................80 Specifying Reaction Data..............................................................................81 Specifying Procedure Data...........................................................................82 Specifying Multiple Simulations for Case Study........................................83 Setting the Problem Calculation Sequence ................................................84 Specifying Recycle Convergence ................................................................85 Data Entry Windows for Unit Operations ....................................................86

Grids and the X-Y Grid ................................................................................87

Chapter 8 Specifying Component, Thermodynamic and Stream Data........91 Component Data ............................................................................................91

Entering User-defined Components ............................................................93 PRO/II and TDM Integration ..........................................................................97 Assay Data......................................................................................................99

TBP Cutpoint Sets .....................................................................................100 Assay Characterization Options ................................................................101

Thermodynamic Data ..................................................................................102 Selecting Predefined Method Sets ............................................................103 User-added Thermodynamic Data ............................................................108 CAPE-OPEN Property Package................................................................109

Property Calculations..................................................................................109 Defining Transport Properties....................................................................109 Specifying Water Decant Options..............................................................111 Stream Data..................................................................................................116

Specifying Composition Defined Streams.................................................117 Specifying Stream Thermal Condition.......................................................118 Specifying Petroleum Assay Streams .......................................................118 Stream Thermal Conditions.......................................................................121

Specifying Recycle Streams.......................................................................121 Specifying Reference Streams..................................................................125

Refinery Inspection and User-defined Properties....................................129 Refinery Inspection Properties ..................................................................130 User-defined Special Properties................................................................130 Refinery Inspection Properties ..................................................................132 User-defined Special Properties................................................................132

Table of Contents - III

BVLE (Validating Equilibrium Data)...........................................................137

Chapter 9 Unit Operations and Utility Modules ...........................................139 Calculator .....................................................................................................141

Sample Calculator Procedures..................................................................153 CAPE-OPEN..................................................................................................157 Column, Batch..............................................................................................161 Column, Distillation .....................................................................................162

Column Algorithm......................................................................................163 Reactions...................................................................................................164 Pressure Profile .........................................................................................166 Condensers ...............................................................................................167 Reboilers ...................................................................................................168 Flash Zones...............................................................................................169 Column Heat Leaks...................................................................................169 Pumparounds and Vapor Bypasses..........................................................170 Initial Estimates .........................................................................................171 Performance Specifications.......................................................................173 Homotopy Options for Convergence on Specification ..............................175 Tray Hydraulics..........................................................................................176 Column RATEFRAC Tray Options .........................................................176 Column RATEFRAC Packing Options.....................................................177 RATEFRAC Transport Calculation Methods ...........................................177 Tray Efficiencies ........................................................................................178 Side Columns ............................................................................................179 Print Options..............................................................................................179 Thermodynamic Systems..........................................................................180

Column, LiquidLiquid Extraction .............................................................181 Column Algorithm......................................................................................182 Pressure Profile .........................................................................................183 Heaters and Coolers..................................................................................183 Initial Estimates .........................................................................................183 Performance Specifications.......................................................................184 Print Options..............................................................................................185 Thermodynamic Options ...........................................................................186

Column, Side................................................................................................187 Solution Methods.......................................................................................187

Compressor..................................................................................................191 Pressure, Work, or Head Specification .....................................................191

Controller......................................................................................................195 Crystallizer....................................................................................................199

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Cyclone .........................................................................................................203 Depressuring Unit........................................................................................211 Dissolver.......................................................................................................217 Excel Unit......................................................................................................219

Data Transfer Sheet ..................................................................................222 Expander.......................................................................................................225 Flash..............................................................................................................227 Flash With Solids.........................................................................................231 Flowsheet Optimizer....................................................................................233 Heat Exchanger, LNG..................................................................................239 Heat Exchanger, Rigorous..........................................................................241 Heat Exchanger Materials of Construction ...............................................246 Heat Exchanger, Simple..............................................................................251 Heating/Cooling Curves ..............................................................................255 Mixer..............................................................................................................259 Multivariable Controller...............................................................................261 Phase Envelope ...........................................................................................265 PIPEPHASE Unit Operation ........................................................................267 Pipe ...............................................................................................................271

Line/Fitting Data ........................................................................................273 Line Sizing Data ........................................................................................274

Polymer Reactor ..........................................................................................277 Procedure Data ............................................................................................279

Procedure Code ........................................................................................280 Pump.............................................................................................................287 Reaction Data...............................................................................................289 Reactor..........................................................................................................293 Conversion and Equilibrium Reactors ......................................................295 Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ..............................................................295 Plug Flow Reactor .......................................................................................295 Boiling Pot Reactor .....................................................................................299 Gibbs Reactor ..............................................................................................300

Table of Contents - V

Unit Reaction Definitions ............................................................................302 Reactor, Batch..............................................................................................307 Solid Separator ............................................................................................308 Splitter...........................................................................................................309 Stream Calculator ........................................................................................311 SPEC/VARY/DEFINE....................................................................................315 SPECifications .............................................................................................315 Specification.................................................................................................317 Parameter .....................................................................................................317 Specification.................................................................................................317 Parameter .....................................................................................................317 Parameter .....................................................................................................317 VARYs...........................................................................................................317 Specification.................................................................................................318 DEFINE..........................................................................................................319 User-added Unit Operations.......................................................................331

Customized UAS Data Entry Window .......................................................334 Modular User-Added Unit Operations .......................................................335

Modular User-Added Utilities .....................................................................336 Detailed Information .................................................................................336

Simsci Add-on Modules ..............................................................................341 SIMSCI POLYMER CSTR Unit Operation ................................................341 SIMSCI COMPONENT PROPERTY REPORTER Unit Operation ...........342 SIMSCI BLEND Unit Operation.................................................................342 SIMSCI RESET Unit Operation.................................................................343 SIMSCI Profimatics Reactor Unit Operations ...........................................344

Valve..............................................................................................................345 Wiped Film Evaporator................................................................................346

Chapter 10 Running and Viewing a Flowsheet ............................................347 Using the Run Palette..................................................................................347 Checking the Simulation Status.................................................................349

Understanding the Unit Color Coding Cues ..............................................350 Running the Simulation ..............................................................................351

To begin executing the simulation:............................................................351

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Stepping Through Simulation Execution ...................................................351 Stopping Simulation Execution..................................................................352 Using Breakpoints .....................................................................................352

Viewing Results ...........................................................................................354 Running a Case Study.................................................................................357

Viewing Case Study Results .....................................................................359 Running Files in Batch Mode .....................................................................359 Revising the File Execution Sequence Order ...........................................363

Creating an Execution File List..................................................................363 Executing the Batch List............................................................................363 Viewing Output Results .............................................................................364

Chapter 11 Printing and Plotting ....................................................................366 Defining Output Reports .............................................................................366 Generating a Report ....................................................................................373 Plotting..........................................................................................................374

Chapter 12 Customizing the PFD Workplace................................................379 Changing Unit Style.....................................................................................379

Changing the Unit Icon for a Single Unit ...................................................381 Changing Stream Style .............................................................................382 Displaying Stream Properties on Stream Labels ......................................385 Tooltip property list ....................................................................................389 Modifying Drawing Preferences ................................................................390 Specifying a Default Editor ........................................................................390 Changing the Default Font ........................................................................391

Index....................................................................................................................... i

Table of Contents - VII

VIII - PRO/II User Guide March 2007

Chapter 1 Using PRO/II This chapter describes how to start and exit PRO/II. In addition, it reviews some basic Windows features as they appear in PRO/II and briefly describes how to use them. Before Starting PRO/II If you have not yet installed PRO/II on your system, see the PRO/II PC/LAN Installation Guide. If you do not see a PRO/II icon in a SIMSCI group window or in your Program/SIMSCI Start menu, see the troubleshooting section in the PRO/II PC/LAN Installation Guide. Compatibility with Previous Versions This release of PRO/II can read simulation files created by previous versions of PRO/II. When you open a simulation file created by a previous version, the file is automatically converted to the current version and a copy of the original file is saved under a different name. For example, if you open G3.prz that was created by PRO/II version 6, the converted file will be saved as G3.prz and a copy of the original file will be saved as G3_v60.prz. Note: Some keyword input files that were created manually may include features that are not supported by the PRO/II graphical user interface. PRO/II issues a warning when this occurs. For flowsheet execution, all features will be preserved if you choose either the Read Only or Run Batch mode. In all cases, if you subsequently export the problem, all supported features will be lost. The exported file will not include any of the unsupported features. Later import of the exported file will reveal that the unsupported features are missing. It is always prudent to make copies of your original files and to work only on copies of the original files.

Chapter 1 Using PRO/II 1

Starting PRO/II

To start PRO/II: Double-click on the PRO/II icon or launch from the Start menu. The

PRO/II welcome window appears. This window contains information on opening files and on the color codes used in the program.

Figure 1-1: The PRO/II Welcome Window Click OK to exit the window. The PRO/II main window will appear.

2 PRO/II User Guide March 2007

Figure 1-2: The PRO/II Main Window You can now open a new simulation file (select File/New), open an existing file (select File/Open), or import a keyword file (select File/Import). See Chapter 3, Managing PFD Files, for additional details. PRO/II Main Window Components

Component Description

Control Menu Box Displays a menu with commands for sizing, moving and closing the active window.

Title Bar Identifies the application and the name of the open file; can be used to move the entire window.

Minimize Button Reduces the application window to an icon.

Maximize/Restore Button

Enlarges a window to full screen or restores it to its default size


Component Description

Menu Bar Identifies the menus available in PRO/II: File, Edit, Input, Output, Tools, Draw, View, Options, Window and Help.

Toolbar Provides push button access to various Edit, Input, Tools, View, Window, and Help options

PFD Main Window Provides a workspace for placing units, making stream connections, drawing objects, and adding text.

Horizontal Scroll Bar Functions as a sliding scale for moving the flowsheet to the right or left in the PRO/II main window.

Vertical Scroll Bar Functions as a sliding scale for moving the flowsheet up or down in the PRO/II main window.

Status Bar Displays help, information and error messages for the active feature or object.

Border Handles Changes window height, width, or size when the corresponding border handle is dragged to a new position.

Manipulating the PRO/II Window The PRO/II window offers many features that enable you to customize its appearance, relative to the full screen and other applications. Detailed instructions on use of the Windows graphical user interface may be found in numerous reference manuals available at any large bookstore. Changing Window Size The Windows interface provides tools for resizing each window. Some tools automatically change a window to a particular size and orientation, others enable you to control the magnification. Using Minimize/Maximize Buttons

The minimize and maximize buttons automatically adjust the size of a window.


Using Border Handles You can use the window border to change the size of the main window. The border works like a handle that you can grab with the cursor and drag to a new position. Using the Control Menu

In addition to the border handles, you can also use the Control menu to Restore, Move, Size, Minimize, or Maximize a window. Open the Control menu by clicking the PRO/II icon at the far left of the title bar or by pressing .

Changing Window Position You can change the position of the main window (or any pop-up window) by dragging the title bar. Working with On-screen Color Coding Cues PRO/II provides the standard visual cue (grayed out text and icons) for menu items and toolbar buttons that are currently unavailable. In addition, PRO/II uses colored borders liberally to indicate the current status of the simulation. You may customize the color coding by accessing the Set Colors window by selecting Options/Colors from the menu bar. PRO/II On-Screen Color Codes

Color Significance

Red Required data Actions or data required of the user

Green Optional or default data

Blue Data supplied by user

Yellow Questionable data. A warning that the value supplied by user is outside the normal range.


Color Significance

Gray Data field not available to user

Black Data entry not required Using the Menus The names of the PRO/II main menus appear on the menu bar. Use these menus to access most PRO/II operations.

Figure 1-3: File Menu

Figure 1-4: Edit Menu


Figure 1-6: Output Menu

Figure 1-5: Input Menu

Figure 1-7: Tools Menu


Figure 1-8: Draw Menu

Figure 1-10: Options Menu

Figure 1-9: View Menu

Figure 1-11: Window Menu

Figure 1-12: Help Menu


Using the Floating Palettes There are two floating palettes. The first contains the unit operations and streams needed to construct a flowsheet. The second contains controls used to run the simulation. These palettes may be displayed or hidden by selecting View/Palettes from the menu bar.

Menu Item Description

View/Palettes/PFD Checking this option displays the PFD palette containing unit operations and streams (also known as the Streams/Unit palette).

View/Palettes/Run Allows running the simulation and viewing results. This button is not initially visible on the tool bar.

Using the Toolbar Toolbar buttons duplicate options available from the menus on the menu bar. Simply click a button to perform its function. Hovering the mouse cursor over a button without clicking displays a tool tip that identifies the button. When PRO/II is first installed, several groups of buttons are visible. Many others are available. New, Open, Save, and Print Show or Hide PDF Palette Data Entry Window buttons (Input, Component Selection, etc.) Navigation Aids (Pan, Find Unit, Find Stream) VLE Tool buttons Run/Results buttons Delete and View buttons Help button

Using the PFD Palette Button This button is a toggle that hides or displays the floating PFD palette.

Button Menu Item Description

View/Palettes/PFD Displays or hides the PFD palette.


Using the Data Entry Window Buttons Each Data Entry Window button provides quick access to the main data entry window for the selected section of input.


Input/Problem Description

Describes the current simulation and relates it to a specific project.

Input/Units of Measure

Sets units of measure specific to this simulation. Each new simulation extracts defaults from the default Unit of Measure Set.

Input/Component Selection

Specifies the components and pseudo components for the current simulation.

Input/Component Properties

Supplies component properties.

Input/Thermo-dynamic Data

Selects thermodynamic methods for the current simulation.

Input/Assay Characterization

Modifies TBP cutpoints and characterization options for generating pseudo components from Assay streams.

Input/Reaction Data

Defines reactions and provides heat of reaction, equilibrium, or kinetic data for reaction sets.

Input/Procedure Data

Use this window to create or delete Procedure blocks in order to calculate kinetic reaction rates.

Input/Casestudy Data

Allows users to perform studies on a base case solution by altering parameters and rerunning.

Input/Calculation Sequence

Specifies a user-defined calculation sequence.

Input/Recycle Convergence

Specifies user-defined recycle convergence and acceleration options.


Using Navigation Aid Buttons The Go To buttons enable you to jump to a selected unit or stream. PRO/II repositions the flowsheet to place the selected unit or stream at the center of the main window. The Find Stream and Find Unit buttons open windows that allow direct data entry and review of output results for the selected stream or unit.


View/Pan View Allows quick panning through the entire

flowsheet.

View/Unit List Displays a list of units in the current

flowsheet. By selecting a name, you can jump directly to that unit.

View/Stream List Displays a list of streams in the current

flowsheet. By selecting a name, you can jump directly to that stream.

Using VLE Tools Buttons The VLE Tools buttons enable you to perform simulation functions, e.g., flash, a stream highlighted on the PFD using the Flash Hot-key. Button Menu Item Description

Tools/Flash Stream

Flashes the stream highlighted on the PFD. (Also called the Flash Hot-key)

Tools/Binary VLE Generates plots and tables of K-values

and fugacity coefficients for binary pairs of components.

Using Run/Results Buttons The Run/Results buttons duplicate functions on the Run Simulation floating palette. They allow you to run, stop a simulation or permit viewing results and generate output reports. The Generate Output button duplicates an Output menu item.



-------- Runs the simulation

-------- Stops the simulation

Output/Data Review WIndow

First, select any stream or unit on the PFD. Pressing this button displays the results of the selected PFD item.

-------- View Text Results Window. First, solve

a simulation; then select any stream or unit on the PFD. Pressing this button displays results for the selected item similar to how they would appear in the complete output text report.

Output/Generate Text Report

Generates an output report for the simulation problem.

-------- Select Active report allows choosing

which pre-defined report is currently active.

-------- Generates an output report suitable for

viewing by using MicroSoft Excel.

Using Delete and View Buttons PRO/II provides a Delete button and a set of View buttons on the toolbar that facilitate editing and viewing of the flowsheet. These buttons duplicate items available on the Edit and View menus.


Edit/Delete or

Deletes the currently selected object(s) from the flowsheet.

Input/Toggle Stream Property List

User can select a particular stream property table as the toggle stream property list.

View/Zoom/Zoom Full or

Displays the entire flowsheet in the PFD window.

View/Zoom/Zoom In, Zoom Out

Zooms in or out of the flowsheet.

View/ Zoom/Zoom Area

Displays the selection rectangle used to select a set of units, streams or objects on the flowsheet. The selected area fills the PFD.



View/Zoom/Redraw or

Clears the PFD of any extraneous object by redrawing the flowsheet.

Using the Help Button The What Is? Help button displays context-sensitive help. Button Menu Item Description

What Is? Displays help for the object you point to.

Customizing the Toolbar Buttons on the toolbar may be added, removed or rearranged by using the Toolbar item on the View menu. Over 50 buttons are available.

Figure 1-13: Toolbar Customization from View menu

All items in the Selected Items list box from top to bottom appear in order left to right on the tool bar. Items in the Available Items list box do not appear on the tool bar. Use the Add, Add ALL, Delete, and Delete ALL buttons to move items between the two list boxes as desired. To add an item to the tool bar, Highlight an item in the Available Items list box. Use the Add button to move it to the Selected Items list box.

To remove an item from the tool bar,


Highlight an item in the Selected Items list box. Use the Delete button to move it to the Available Items list box.

To change the order of items on the tool bar, Highlight an item in the Selected Items list box. Use the Up, Down, Top, and Bottom buttons to change the position of

the item in the list. All changes take effect immediately after pressing OK. Using the PRO/II Main Window The PRO/II main window (PFD) is the main drawing board. You may place the following objects on the PFD:

Unit operations from the PFD palette Stream connections Text Drawings Stream property tables

Use the PRO/II main window to see the contents of your simulation. You can choose to view the entire flowsheet or only a portion of it. You control the view using scroll bars, pan options, the zoom bar, or arrow keys. Note: See Chapter 5, Manipulating Objects, for information about placing, selecting and changing the size of objects in the PFD.


Chapter 2 Simulation Basics In the previous chapter, you learned some of the basic window features of PRO/II. In this chapter, you will learn simulation basics; that is, how to set up simulation problems, solve them, and analyze the results. General Approach This chapter provides a quick overview of the use of PRO/II for solving engineering problems. A suggested basic approach is given as well as helpful explanations of the information flow in PRO/II. Sample data entry windows are given to illustrate data entry for PRO/II. Step-by-step examples are available in the PRO/II Tutorial Guide. Online help is also available. You have already learned that PRO/II gives you great flexibility and numerous options when supplying simulation data. For many items of data, default values are supplied. A color code informs you when data are required, supplied by default, out of normal ranges, or missing. Note: You must supply data for all red-bordered fields or red-linked text (including data required) before running your simulation. Problem data may be supplied in almost any order: PRO/II warns you when required data are missing. However, it is still best to follow a logical path when supplying simulation data. For example, some options such as stream compositions are dependent upon the components selected. Some unit operations, such as the flash drum, have features that are dependent on the thermodynamic data. For some other unit operations, performance specifications based on the components in the system are the preferred way to define the operation. For these reasons, the following approach is recommended when building a simulation flowsheet. Draw the Flowsheet Select the unit operations needed for the flowsheet calculations and position them on the PRO/II PFD main window.

Chapter 2 Simulation Basics 15

Connect the Unit Operations with Streams The streams are the connectors for the process calculations, with information passed from one unit operation to another via the process streams. Define the Components in Your System It is best to order the components in volatility order, starting with the lightest component. This makes it easy to analyze the separations which occur in unit operations such as distillation. While not a necessity, for hydrocarbon/water systems, defining water as the first component is also a good idea. This makes it easy to see the break between the aqueous and nonaqueous phases. User-defined petroleum pseudocomponents and/or polymer components for which you supply data should be entered next. Petroleum pseudocomponents generated by PRO/II from petroleum stream assay data will appear last in the component lists of the output reports. Select the Thermodynamic and Transport Property Methods For many problems, a system may be selected from the Most Commonly Used thermodynamic methods. Guidelines for thermodynamic methods are provided in the PRO/II online help, and in the PRO/II Reference Manual (both in online help and in hardcopy forms). Further assistance is available through SIMSCI ESSCOR Technical Support. Selecting a proper thermodynamic method is a critically important step in the solution of a simulation problem. Supply Data for the Feed Streams and Recycle Streams You must supply thermal conditions, flowrates, and compositions for all external feed streams to the flowsheet. It is usually desirable, although not necessary, to provide estimated data for recycle streams to speed convergence of recycle calculations. Supply Operating Conditions for the Unit Operations Double-click the icon for each unit operation to access the data entry windows. The color codes tell you what data you must supply and what data have default values. You may also use the online help to learn more about the calculation options, data entry items, etc., for each unit operation. A quick review is also a good idea at this point. Do the thermodynamic methods support the unit operation calculations? Are transport properties required for any of the unit operations?


Run the Process Simulation

PRO/II lets you know, by color code, when sufficient information has been supplied to perform the calculations. When all of the borders on the toolbar

icons have changed from red (indicating missing data) to green or blue, you are ready to run your simulation. At this point, you may click the Run (right arrow) icon on the toolbar or the Run button on the floating Run palette to begin the flowsheet calculations. Analyze the Simulation Results Use the many convenient report and plotting features of PRO/II to analyze the simulation results. At this point, your training as an engineer should take charge. Are the results reasonable? How do the results compare with the plant data? Can differences be reconciled? Are better data for the feedstocks needed? Are the models adequate for the intended purposes? Now that we have presented an overall plan for simulating a flowsheet, lets look at some of the individual steps in more detail. Building the Flowsheet Unit Operations Use the floating PFD palette to begin building the flowsheet. The icons and names for the unit operations appear as buttons on the PFD palette. To add a unit operation to the flowsheet, click the unit icon on the PFD palette and click-drop it at the desired location on the flowsheet. Streams Click the Streams button on the top of the floating PFD palette. The PFD is now in stream mode and a small S is attached to the cursor. You will notice that all possible exit ports for each unit operation are now marked. Required outlet ports are colored in red; green is used to mark optional ports. PRO/II adds each stream to the flowsheet in an orthogonal manner, following a rectangular grid pattern. As soon as a valid flowsheet has been built, i.e., all required inlet, outlet, and connector streams have been added for all the process units, the red border around the Streams button on the PFD palette changes to blue.


Required Data Now that the flowsheet has been built, its time to supply the required data for the calculations: the components and thermodynamic methods must be defined, inlet feed streams and, optionally, recycle streams must be supplied, and the operating conditions for the unit operations must be specified. Components

To define the components, select Input/Component Selection from the menu bar or click on the benzene ring toolbar icon to open the Component Selection main window. Note that this icon has a red border, indicating that components have not yet been defined. Library components for which the library access names are known may be directly typed into this window, where they are transferred to the List of Selected Components for the problem. A convenient search procedure is also provided which may be used by clicking Select From Lists . Petroleum (PETRO) components are defined in the Petroleum Components window, which is reached by clicking Petroleum. Non-library components can be defined in the User-defined window which is reached by clicking User-defined. Note that petroleum pseudocomponents defined by PRO/II from petroleum stream assay data do not appear in the Component Selection main window. Thermodynamic Methods

Thermodynamic methods are defined in the Thermodynamic Data main window which is reached by selecting Input/Thermodynamic Data from the menu bar or by clicking on the phase diagram icon. Note that this icon is initially outlined in red, indicating that thermodynamic methods must be defined for the problem. For most problems, a predefined set of thermodynamic methods for calculating K-values, enthalpies, entropies, and densities may be used. PRO/II offers numerous Categories of method sets. After a category has been selected, you may select a method set within that category as a Defined System for the problem and modify it by clicking Modify to access the Thermodynamic System-Modification window. Note that transport property calculations are not


included in the predefined method sets. If they are required for the problem, you must add them to the predefined thermodynamic method set in this window. Stream Information The identifiers for feed streams requiring input data are marked with red borders indicating that information is missing. Stream information is supplied in the Stream Data main data entry window which is reached by double-clicking a stream identifier. The predefined stream identifier may also be changed in this window. Three types of information must be supplied in this window: the thermal condition of the stream, the flowrate for the stream, and the composition of the stream. For petroleum assay streams, the assay data are provided instead of the composition data, and PRO/II defines the stream composition for you in terms of petroleum pseudocomponents. Although optional, it is good practice to provide reasonable estimates for recycle tear streams in order to accelerate convergence of problem recycle calculations. Unit Operations Unit operation identifiers for which data entries are needed are marked with red borders. To enter information for a unit operation, double-click its icon to retrieve the Unit data entry window. Various input options and numeric values are supplied via this parent window and its child windows. Required information is always bordered in red; data entry fields for items with supplied defaults are always bordered in green. After you have supplied information in a data entry field, the border color changes to blue. Information you have supplied which lies outside the normal range for the field is marked with a yellow border. You may also change the default unit identifier in this window and furnish a longer, more descriptive name for the unit operation. Notice that when you return to the flowsheet, the unit identifier on the PFD has a black instead of red border, signifying that all data entry requirements are satisfied. If the border is still red, you must return to the data entry window for that unit operation and supply the missing data. Miscellaneous Data All data entries in this category are optional. PRO/II provides default entries. In some cases, global values may be used to supply the defaults, as explained in Chapter 4, Building a Flowsheet.


Miscellaneous data categories include problem descriptive information, the calculation sequence, recycle convergence options, flowsheet tolerances, and the scaling of product streams. Problem descriptive information is optional; however, it can be beneficial to document a simulation model for future users. This information includes a project name, problem name, user name, date, site, and problem description. This information is supplied in the Problem Descriptive Information window, which is

accessed by clicking the toolbar icon with the printed page icon or by selecting Input/Problem Description from the menu bar. For most problems, the calculation order determined by PRO/II is satisfactory. To

supply your own sequence, click the toolbar icon with the two connected flowsheet blocks or select the Input/Calculation Sequence from the menu bar. Definitions of recycle loops are automatic. To define your own loops, or to use

acceleration techniques, click the toolbar icon with the flowsheet loop icon to enter the Problem Recycle Convergence and Acceleration Options window or select the Input/Recycle Convergence from the menu bar. Flowsheet tolerances are used for convergence of unit operation specifications and may be changed in the Default Unit Specification Tolerances window, which is reached by choosing Input/Flowsheet Tolerances from the menu bar. All flowsheet results may be scaled so that a desired flow is obtained for a product stream. To use the scaling feature, select the Output/Report Format/Miscellaneous Data. Click Product StreamScaling on the Miscellaneous Report Options window to access the Scale Stream Flowrate window. Default Data To simplify data input, PRO/II supplies default options and values wherever practical. Default values supplied by PRO/II are printed in black in a data entry field with a green border, or in the case of linked text, in green. For example, the default number of iterations for a column unit operation using the IO method is supplied as 15. Entries which you must always supply are indicated with a color red because they have no default values. While you do not need to replace a default entry to satisfy the input requirement for PRO/II, default data should be inspected carefully to ascertain that they meet your requirements. When you replace a default value, the border color for the data entry field changes to blue, indicating that you have supplied this value. For


linked-text strings, the color of the linked text is also changed to blue, indicating that you have replaced the default value. Optional Data Optional data, which are displayed in black, are data or options not specifically necessary for the unit operations to proceed. For example, the Description entry is optional for all unit operations. A reboiler is optional for the Column unit operation, since the calculation requirements may also be satisfied by a vapor feed to the bottom tray of the column. Data options which do not apply to a particular combination of input data appear in the color gray, and are not available for data entry. For example, when the kettle reboiler option is selected for a column reboiler, the data entry fields for a thermosiphon reboiler are colored gray.


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Chapter 3 Managing PFD Files This chapter describes how to open, save, close, delete and copy simulation files. In addition, this chapter outlines how to import a PRO/II keyword input file or export a flowsheet. Opening a New Simulation When you start PRO/II, the program does not automatically bring up a new, untitled simulation. Note: If you want PRO/II always to open with a new simulation, select Options/New File on Startup from the menu bar. To open a new simulation: Choose File/New. . . from the menu bar. PRO/II clears the main window

for a new simulation and opens the initial viewport window, View 1.

Figure 3-1: PRO/II Main Window

Chapter 3 Managing PFD Files 23

Opening an Existing Simulation You can open any previously saved simulation for modification, viewing or printing. PRO/II opens the flowsheet file and its supporting PRO/II database files. To open an existing simulation: Choose File/Open... from the menu bar. PRO/II displays the Open

Simulation window.

Figure 3-2: Open Simulation Window

Type or select the name of the simulation file. Click Open or press . PRO/II displays the simulation in the PFD

main window. Note: PRO/II 7.x provides a file converter for import of PRO/II 4.x files with the exception of Add-On Module files.


Saving the Current Simulation Before you close a simulation, you should save it. You may also want to save the simulation periodically while creating it. To save the current simulation: Choose File/Save from the menu bar. If you have not previously saved

this simulation, PRO/II displays the Save As window.

Note: PRO/II 5.x automatically compresses the three PRO/II database files (*.pr1, *.pr2, *.pr3) and the simulation flow diagram file (*.sfd) into a single *.prz file. Beside reducing the size of stored files, PRO/II file compression assures that a complete set of files for each simulation has been saved.

Figure 3-3: Save As Dialog

Type a name for this simulation. Click Save or press .

Note: The PRO/II Autosave functionality automatically creates a backup file at user-specified intervals from which recovery can be made. If you close or exit the simulation without saving, this backup file is deleted. Select Options/Simulation Defaults/Autosave from the menu bar to access the Autosave Options window.


Saving a Simulation to Another Name You can save a simulation to another name. Changes you made to the simulation since the last save are saved as part of the simulation, under its new name. Note: If youve made changes to a simulation and dont want to alter the original simulation, but do want to keep the changes, use Save As. To save the current simulation to another file name: Choose File/Save As... from the menu bar.

PRO/II prompts you for a new file name. Type a name for the simulation. Click Save or press .

PRO/II appends a .PRZ extension to the filename. Closing a Simulation You should save a simulation before closing it, although PRO/II will prompt you to save changes for an existing simulation. To close a simulation: Choose File/Close from the menu bar.

If you close a simulation without first saving the simulation files, you lose any changes you made to the simulation since the last save.


Deleting a Simulation You can delete any simulation except the current (active) simulation at any time. To delete a simulation file: Choose File/Delete... from the menu bar. PRO/II displays a list of existing

PRO/II simulation files.

Figure 3-4: List of Files

Type or select the name of the file you want to delete. (You may not

delete the current simulation.) Click Open or press . PRO/II deletes all files associated with this

simulation.


Copying a Simulation You can copy all files associated with a simulation (one flowsheet and three database files) to a target simulation you name. You can copy to new or existing file. If you copy to an existing file, PRO/II verifies if you want to overwrite the existing file. To copy a simulation file: Choose File/Copy... from the menu bar. This opens the dialog illustrated

in Figure 3-5.

Figure 3-5: Copying Files

Select the name of the file you want to copy from the file selector. (You may not copy the current simulation.)

Enter a name for the copy (target). Click Open or press .

PRO/II copies all files associated with the simulation. Note: There may be as many as 17 separate files associated with a single simulation problem. These are described in Table 3-1.


Table 3-1: PRO/II Simulation Files

File Extension Description

*.pr1, *.pr2, *.pr3 PRO/II database files

*.sfd Graphics file

*.prz Compressed files containing *.pr1, *.pr2, *.pr3 and *.sfd files

*.out Main output file

*.ot1 Component, calculation sequence, recycle loops/streams output data

*.ot3 Equipment/streams output data

*.sr1 Input source listing

*.ix3 Output index

*.hs2 Calculation history

*.inp Keyword input file

*.plt Plots saved in the plot display window

*.txt Stream property table or plot (saved in ASCII format)

*.csv Stream property table or plot (saved in tabular format)

*.clp Graphics saved in Clipboard format

*.prc Temporary procedure file created and removed by PRO/II. Only remains if there is an abnormal termination.


Importing a PRO/II Keyword Input File You can import an existing PRO/II keyword input file into the PRO/II graphical user interface and then execute the simulation problem just as if you had entered the problem using the PFD graphical main window. PRO/II automatically converts the specified keyword input file into a flowsheet and displays it in the PFD window. Note: In the previous versions, PFD layout was retained within the *.prz file. In the current version, *.sfd file will be generated, when a simulation (PFD) is saved and exported. After the generation of *.sfd file, users can restore the PFD layout using *.inp file. To import a PRO/II keyword input file: Choosing File/Import from the menu bar.

PRO/II displays a list of existing keyword input files.

Figure 3-6: List of Files

Type or select the name of the keyword file that you want to import. Click Open or press .

PRO/II converts the selected keyword input file into a flowsheet and displays it in the PFD main window automatically.


Keyword Features without PRO/II GUI support The RESTART feature is not supported by the graphical user interface in this version of PRO/II. You will not be allowed to import keyword files that contain this feature. If a RESTART keyword is detected upon import, you will be reminded that only the Run Batch feature of PRO/II may be used with these keyword input files. See Chapter 10, Running and Viewing a Flowsheet, for information on running keyword files in Batch mode. Keyword Features Imported in Run-Only Mode Certain keyword features are not fully supported by the graphical user interface of PRO/II. However, if one of these unsupported features is detected, you will be allowed to import the keyword file, however the GUI interface will operate in the Run-Only mode. Such unsupported keywords include:

BVLE Data Stream Report Writer Hydrate Unit Operation HEXTRAN Property Data Generator.

If you attempt to import a keyword input file that contains PRO/II program features not supported by the graphical user interface, the unsupported features will be automatically listed in a status window. You have the option to save or delete the unsupported features. If you choose to save the unsupported features, PRO/II will run the file in Run-Only Mode. In Run-Only mode, you can:

Review and modify the PFD graphic image. You may move unit operation icons and streams around to improve the appearance of your PFD.

Add drawing elements to the PFD. Add stream property tables to the PFD. Have access to all the capabilities on the Run palette (perform all

interactive execution functions available on the Run palette for both supported/unsupported units, review the calculated results on the PFD for all streams and supported/unsupported units, generate output reports for all features, generate plots for supported features only).

Export the flowsheet and stream property table information to other Windows applications.

Edit the keyword file, reimport, and rerun (without leaving PRO/II). Use the stream flash icon.


In Run-Only mode, you cannot:

View simulation data with the data entry windows. This includes Component and Thermodynamic data. Double-clicking on a unit operation or stream will cause a short warning message to be displayed.

Perform any input mode functions, including changing the calculation sequence. All buttons and menu options that access simulation data will be disabled.

Perform any of the following functions: adding/deleting units, adding/deleting streams, and reconnecting streams.

Export the PRO/II keyword input file.

If you import a keyword file containing unsupported features, one or more messages dialogs appear. These describe the problems and provide options for remedial action. The following display is typical:

Figure 3-7: Typical Unsupported Features Warning Window

After responding to each unsupported feature dialog, the message window displays messages similar to the following:

** MESSAGE ** A single STREAM that FEEDS MORE THAN ONE UNIT operation is NOT SUPPORTED by PROVISION. Referencing streams may be used instead.

** MESSAGE ** Duplicate stream 8 feeding X1 is renamed to 8_R1 and is referenced to the first instance of 8.

Figure 3-8: Flowsheet Status Window for Unsupported Features Removing all unsupported features in the dialog boxes allows PRO/II to start normally. However, leaving even one unsupported feature present results in PRO/II operating in Run-Only mode. The Title bar of the main PFD window reveals this condition, as illustrated in Figure 3-9.


Figure 3-9: PRO/II in Run-only Mode

Click Run on the Run palette.

Once the flowsheet solves, you may double-click a unit or stream to view the results. Exporting Simulation Data to a PRO/II Keyword File Exporting the current PRO/II simulation flowsheet to a keyword input file is simple, as follows: Choose File/Export from the menu bar. PRO/II displays the Export

window which lists the data export options. Refer to Figure 3-10.

Figure 3-10: Available Data Export Options


Note: In the current version, a *.sfd file is generated when the simulation (PFD) is saved and exported. After generation of the *.sfd file, users can restore the PFD layout using the (exported) *.inp file.

Choose the Simulation Data to Keyword File option. Click OK.

PRO/II converts the current simulation flowsheet data into a PRO/II keyword input file in ASCII format. The name of the keyword file will be YYY.INP, where YYY.PR1 is the name of the simulation flowsheet PRO/II database file. Exporting Simulation Data to a Keyword File This selection opens a special Save As dialog window that allows exporting the input data of the simulation to an ".inp" keyword input file.

Navigate to the destination drive and directory of choice using the Save In: field.

Enter the name of the output file in the File Name: field. Press the Save button to complete the operation.

The exported keyword file then may be imported into any compatible version of the PRO/II program to rerun the simulation, even on another computer. Keyword files also are a very compact way to archive the data. Note that the keyword file contains all the appropriate data sections (General, Thermodynamics, etc.). In v6.0 and later, the "Simulation Data to Keyword File" option is expanded to include check boxes to control exporting stream and column solution data to the keyword file. If output data exists, even if the solution is unconverged, the two "Include" check boxes are enabled (See figure 3-10). If the Run command was never executed, or not executed since the last time "Restore Input Data" was performed, these checkboxes are disabled. Test for Convergence When the user selects either or both of the "Include" check boxes (Figure 3-10), upon "OK" the first thing PRO/II does is test for convergence. If the solution is in an unconverged state, PRO/II displays a message box to warn the user that the data being written to the keyword file is unconverged. Clicking "Yes" continues to the file name selection common dialog. "No" returns the user to the Export window.


Note: Beginning with PRO/II version 5.5, exported flowsheets write all unit operations in the flowsheet to the keyword file. Previously, for keyword input files that include a User-Defined Sequence List, only unit operations listed in the Sequence List were exported. This change was necessary to support the new Included/ Excluded functionality. PRO/II now generates a SEQUENCE statement with a list of Available Unit Operations that excludes unit operations marked Excluded at the time of export. Additionally in these instances, PRO/II writes a warning into the keyword file advising that the list of unit operations and the SEQUENCE statement do not match. These files may cause input processing problems if read into earlier versions of PRO/II (i.e., versions prior to 5.5). Exporting the Flowsheet Drawing to the Clipboard You can export part or all of the flowsheet drawing to the Clipboard. You can then paste this drawing into other Windows applications. To export the entire flowsheet drawing to the Clipboard: Choose File/Export from the menu bar. PRO/II displays the Export

window (Figure 3-10). Choose the Flowsheet Drawing option. Click OK.

To export one page of the flowsheet to the Clipboard: Select the page to export by clicking on its edge on the PFD. Choose File/Export from the menu bar. PRO/II displays the Export

window (Figure 3-10). Choose the Selected Page of Flowsheet Drawing option. Click OK.

Exporting Stream or Unit Operation Property Table Data You can export the information in a stream property table or a unit operation property table to an ASCII file. The file subsequently may be imported into spreadsheet and word processing applications. To export data from a stream or unit operation property table: Select the property table to export (select it on the PFD). Choose File/Export from the menu bar. PRO/II displays the Export

window (Figure 3-10).


Choose the Stream / Unit Op Property Table option. Click OK. The Export File Filter window will appear (see Figure 3-11). Enter a name for the Output File. Select the desired file format (tab-delimited or comma-delimited) from the

Save File as Type drop-down list box. Click OK.

Figure 3-11: Export File Filter Window

PRO/II then generates the ASCII file. To import this file into your spreadsheet or word processing program, follow the instructions included with that application. Exporting the PFD to an AutoCAD or PostScript File You can export your flowsheet drawing as an AutoCAD .DXF or Encapsulated PostScript (.EPS) file: Choose File/Export from the menu bar. PRO/II displays the Export

window (Figure 3-10). Choose one of the following options Flowsheet to AutoCAD .DXF Flowsheet to AutoCAD DesignXML Flowsheet to Post-Script

Click OK. The Save As window appears. Enter a name for the .DXF or .EPS file. Click Save to export the data to the file.


Exporting Tag Data to a File All tagged data in the simulation can be exported to a plain text (ASCII) file for later use in other applications. Choose File/Export from the menu bar. PRO/II displays the Export

window (Figure 3-10). Choose Tag data to file Click OK. The Save As window appears. Enter a name for the *.RAW file. Click Save to export the data to the file.

Export Data to Excel Using Spreadsheet Tools Spreadsheet tools are Excel template files and macros that can read information in the PRO/II simulation database to generate reports or perform additional on-the-spot calculations. They can also update data in the simulation database itself using data from an Excel spreadsheet. They offer functionality similar to the export functions described earlier, but export data directly to Microsoft Excel instead of to a disk file. Each Tools/Spreadsheet menu item can be used to start a spreadsheet tool. From the Tools menu, choose Spreadsheet. The list of currently installed

tools will appear in a side menu. Click the desired tool to export data and automatically launch Excel.

Note: Microsoft Excel must be installed on your system to use these tools. Additionally, since these tools use macros to export the data, macros must be enabled in Excel. If Excel displays a security dialog, choose Enable macros. PRO/II comes pre-installed with some default spreadsheet tools. They can be used to create tables of stream properties, component flowrates, or distillation reports. They also can generate property tables and other reports for a limited number of supported unit operations. Copying Property Table Data to the Clipboard


You can copy the information in a stream or unit operation property table to the clipboard. This table can then be pasted into any other Windows application. To copy a property table to the Clipboard: Select the stream or unit operation property table on the PFD. Choose Edit/Copy from the menu bar.

Copy/Paste Stream Data in an Excel Sheet Use this option to copy and paste the stream data to and from an Excel sheet. This will enable the user to enter and analyze the data with much ease.The feature has been implemented to all dialog boxes, where the data is represented in XY grid. XY grid has the following properties:

The grid origin is numbered 0.0. The X and Y axis divide the grid into 4 quadrants. Display any grid variable as a distinct value per cell or smoothly varying. No duplicate values are allowed.

Note: Ctrl+C, Ctrl+V, Ctrl+X can be used a shortcut to COPY, PASTE and CUT respectively.


Chapter 4 Building a Flowsheet This chapter describes how to construct a flowsheet. It begins by describing the various defaults that may apply to your simulation on a global, simulation, or unit level. This chapter also includes instructions for placing unit operations, connecting units, and drawing objects that enhance the presentation of your flowsheet without affecting calculations. Setting Simulation Preferences PRO/II enables you to set global defaults for problem descriptions information, units of measure and thermodynamic systems. These global defaults apply to all simulations unless you specifically override them either for a particular simulation or unit operation. On a simulation level, you can set problem-specific input and output units of measure defaults. Simulation level settings override global defaults. In addition, you can change units of measure settings for a specific unit. This setting overrides both simulation and global defaults. Setting Problem Description Global Defaults The Problem Description Information (Project Identifier, Problem Identifier, User Name, Date, Site) appears on each page of a results printout as a heading and the Problem Description itself appears on the first page. All simulations use the global problem descriptive information unless you override the defaults for a particular simulation. To set problem description global defaults: Choose Options/Simulation Defaults from the menu bar. Choose Problem Description. The Global Default for Problem Descriptive

Information window appears.

Chapter 4 Building A Flowsheet 39

Figure 4-1: Global Default for Problem Descriptive Information

Complete the window. Click OK.

Overriding the Global Default Problem Description Before laying down your flowsheet, you may want to update the problem description for the current simulation. PRO/II uses the global defaults for all simulations, unless you specifically override the data for a particular simulation. To override the global default problem definition:

Click Problem Description or choose Input/Problem Description from the menu bar. The Problem Descriptive Information window appears.

You can enter up to ten problem description lines (80 characters each), that will appear on the first page of a results printout. Setting Units of Measure Global Defaults By default, PRO/II uses the English units of measure set for all input data and for output reports. These defaults apply to all new simulations. You can override the default set for either input data or output reports (or both) for all new simulations. PRO/II maintains a library of units of measure sets that you can select from and add to.


To set the unit of measure global defaults: Choose Simulation Defaults from the Options menu. Choose Units of Measure. The Default Sets of Units of Measure window

appears.

Figure 4-2: Global Units of Measure Sets

Select the desired default units of measure set for entering simulation

data. The default choice is ENGLISH-SET1, i.e., the data input will be in English units.

Select the desired default units of measure set for generating the first output report. The default choice is Same as Input, i.e., the first output report will be printed in the default English units.

If any choice other than the default is selected, the second output report will no longer be available, and the list-box for selecting the alternate units of measure set for the second output report will be disabled. Select the desired default units of measure set for generating the second output report. The default choice is None, i.e., no second output report in alternate units will be generated. Setting Units of Measure Simulation Defaults PRO/II sets English units as the default for units of measure. You can override this default, setting the global units of measure for all new simulations. In addition, you can override the default units of measure for a particular simulation problem.


To set the units of measure for the current simulation:

Click Input Units of Measure or choose Input/Units of Measure from the menu bar. The Default Units of Measure for Problem Data Input window appears.

Figure 4-3: Default Units of Measure for Problem Data Input Window

Select different dimensional units for data input for each individual

category or choose Initialize from UOM Library... to automatically fill in the defaults from another set.

Click Standard Vapor Conditions... to enter the Problem Standard Vapor Condition window. The default temperature and pressure basis are shown in the data entry fields and may be replaced or the standard vapor volume per mole may be replaced, not both. PRO/II default values are:

Temperature Pressure Vapor Volume

English 60 F 14.696 psia 379.48 ft 3 /lbmol

Metric 0C 1.0332 kg/cm2 22.414 m3 /kgmol

SI 273.15 K 101.32 kpa 22.414 m3 /kgmol


The current atmospheric pressure (Pressure Gauge Basis) is shown in a data entry field and may be replaced with another value as desired. The PRO/II default value is 14.696 psia or the metric equivalent. Click TVP and RVP Conditions... to select the Problem TVP and RVP

Conditions window. The temperature for true vapor pressure specifications may be replaced in this window. The PRO/II default for TVP calculations is 10 F. The calculation method for Reid vapor pressure may be selected in a drop-down list box on this window. Choices are:

API Naphtha (the default) API Crude ASTM D323-73 ASTM D323-82 ASTM D4593-91 ASTM D5191-91 ASTM D323-94

Click OK .

Units of Measure Library A library of dimensional unit sets which may be used for data entry or report writing is maintained with this feature. To add a new set to the library or to edit an existing set: Select Options/Units of Measure List from the menu bar.

The Units of Measure Library window appears and may be used to create, copy, edit, rename, and delete dimensional unit sets. The Units of Measure Set Name and Description list box contains the names of the dimensional unit sets currently in the library. The program provides three initial dimensional unit sets: English (the default), Metric, and SI. To create a new set: Click Create... on the Units of Measure Library window to get the Create

Units of Measure Set window.


Figure 4-4: Units of Measure Library

Supply a name for the new set in the data entry field provided, and select

the basis for the set with the appropriate radio button: English, Metric, or SI.

Figure 4-5: Create Units of Measure Set Window

Click OK to continue. The units for the standard dimensional unit sets in PRO/II are assigned to the new set and the edit feature may be used to customize the set. Note: An alternate way to create a new set is to highlight an existing set in the Units of Measure Set Name and Description list box and click Copy on the Units


of Measure Library window. The name for the new set is then entered in the Copy Units of Measure Set window. The Edit feature may be used to customize the set. To delete, rename or edit a set: Select the set in the Units of Measure Set Name and Description list box. Click the Delete, Rename, or Edit button on the Units of Measure Library

window. Editing the Dimensional Unit Sets for Output Reports A dimensional unit set for output reports may be edited in two places in PRO/II: 1. Library sets are edited with the Edit... feature in the Units of Measure Library window. 2. The set being used for the current problem is edited in the Default Units of Measure of the Problem Output Report which is accessible from the PFD main window by:

Selecting the Output menu on the menu bar. Selecting the Report Format from the Output menu. Selecting Units of Measure from the Report Format menu.Editing of the

dimensional items is identical for these two windows.

The dimensional unit set for the output report is initialized from the global set, as previously explained. However, a different set may be chosen from the units of measure library while in the Default Units of Measure for Problem Output Report window. To use a different dimensional unit set: Click nitialize from UOM Library... The Initialize Units of Measure from

UOM Library window appears. Select the desired set from the drop-down list box. Click OK to continue. This set now becomes the output report set. The

newly selected output report set may be edited in this window as desired. The edited set is saved with the problem.

The Print Option for output reports may also be selected using the Output Report(s) to be Printed drop-down list box where options are: One Output Report in Input Units (the default): When this option is selected, an output report based on the units of measure used for the problem data input will be generated. The currently specified input units of measure will be displayed for informational purposes, but they cannot be changed. With this option, the


output units of measure can only be changed by selecting the Units of Measure option from the Input menu. One Output Report in Output Units: When this option is selected, an output report based on the output units of measure specified will be generated. The currently specified output units of measure will be displayed, and they can be changed if desired. Two Output Reports, one in Input Units, one in Output Units: When this option is selected, two output reports will be generated, one each, based on the input and specified output units of measure will be generated. The currently specified output units of measure will be displayed, and they can be changed if desired. For the second and third cases discussed above, the displayed output units of measure set can be copied from the specified input units, or initialized from one of the units of measure sets stored in the units of measure library. To copy the input units of measure set to be used for the output report, or to reset the explicitly specified output units to the previously specified input units: Click Copy from Input UOM on the Default Units of Measure for Problem

Output Report window. Click OK to continue.

To initialize the output units of measure set from a units of measure set stored in the units of measure library: Click Initialize from UOM Library... on the Default Units of Measure for

Problem Output Report window. Click OK to continue.

If the results of a previously executed simulation must be printed in a different set of dimensional units, it is only necessary to select the required units through this feature and generate a new report. The entire simulation need not be executed from the start just to obtain the output results in a different set of dimensional units.


Setting Thermodynamic System Global Defaults To set the thermodynamic system global defaults: Choose Simulation Defaults from the Options menu. Choose Thermodynamic System. The Global Default Thermodynamic

System window appears.

Figure 4-6: Global Default Thermodynamic System Window

Complete the window. Click OK .

Note: This global default will not become effective until the next time File/New is selected. Setting General Drawing Defaults PRO/II allows you to change the appearance of your workplace through the General Drawing Defaults window. You can set the snap and move tolerances, zoom and pan increments, the PFD palette icon, icon fill, unit snapping, and delete confirmation. The defaults, shown below in Figure 4-7, are appropriate for most scenarios and you may never need to make changes in this window.


To make changes to the general drawing defaults: Choose Options/Drawing Defaults/General... from the menu bar.

Figure 4-7: General Drawing Defaults Window

Changing Delete Confirmation By default, PRO/II prompts you to confirm each delete operation. You may want to change this default setting. To turn delete confirmation off: Within the General Drawing Defaults window, uncheck Confirm Deletes

to turn the option off. Setting Global Flowsheet Tolerances Use this option to identify the acceptable margins of error and criteria for satisfying certain numerical methods. Some flowsheet tolerances, such as the tolerance for flash calculations, are internal and are not user-definable. The default flowsheet tolerances are satisfactory for most problems.


To set the tolerance for this flowsheet: Choose Input/Flowsheet Tolerances on the menu bar.

Figure 4-8: Default Unit Specification Tolerances

Placing a Unit on the Flowsheet The PRO/II main window is your drawing board. PRO/II supplies a floating PFD palette and drawing objects that help you draw your problem quickly. The PFD palette shows icons for each unit operation that you can select to place on the flowsheet. The PFD palette appears automatically when you open a new or existing file, or when you import a keyword file. To close or open the PFD palette:

Click Palette on/off , or select the View menu on the main PRO/II window. Check the Palettes/PFD option on or off.


Selecting a Unit from the PFD Palette To select a unit icon and place it on your flowsheet: Choose the icon from the PFD palette (see Chapter 9 for unit

descriptions). Position the cursor where you want the unit icon to appear and click the

left mouse button.

Figure 4-9: Placing a Unit

Snapping When connecting two units with a stream PRO/II will adjust or snap the unit icon positions to straighten the connecting stream. By default, units you add to or move in the PFD main window snap to an invisible grid. You can turn grid snapping off. To turn grid snapping off: Choose Drawing Defaults from the Options menu. Select General. Select Unit Snapping. The disappears from the Unit Snapping check

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Placing Multiple Unit Icons You can place a series of unit icons in succession. To place more than one unit at a time: Select the desired unit from the floating PFD palette. Press , and while holdin

pro ii 8.1 - user guide

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