Unified International Technical Conference on RefractoriesThird Biennial Worldwide Conference on Refractories

Refractories for the New World Economy

PROCEEDINGSHosted By

ALAFAR - Asociacion Latinoamericana

de Fabricantes de Refractarios

Sao Paulo, BrasilOct-31-Nov-3,1993

PLENARY SESSION

Recent Tendencies in Refractories for Iron and Steel ProductionPeter Jeschke and Gunther Mortl

Progress of Steelmaking Technology and Refractories Situation in JapanSadame Asano

Future Trends in Ironmaking and Steelmaking Processes in JapanTakuo Imai

Refractory Usage in Nonferrous Metallurgical ApplicationsRobert E.Fisher, Leonard P.Krietz, Lorraine Leung and Jeffrey G.Beetz

Cement Industry - Correlation of Basic Refractory Brick Development withthe Evolution of Cement Industrial KilnsAdam A.Wajdowicz

ADVANCES IN MANUFACTURING, CONTROL,INSTALLATION, EQUIPMENT

Criterions and Use of Refractories for Super High Temperature TunnelKilnsHans-Udo Leusmann

Progress in Preparation of Carbon Containing Refractory Bodies withDifferent Binding SystemsAlfred Kaiser

Efficient and Safe Control of Refractory LiningHani Siikasmaa

New Technologies in Ceramic Forming and Their Effects on ProductPerformanceHeinz-Peter Wollscheid and Dieter H.Fournier

ADVANCES IN REFRACTORY BASIC SCIENCE

The Effect of In Situ Production and Collateral Addition of SiC on theThermal Diffusivity of Silica Based CompositionsJoao B.Baldo, Wilson N.dos Santos and Roy Taylor

Long Term Heating of AbO3-SiO2^ZrO2 Fiber and Al2O3-SiO2-Cr2O3 FiberTadasi Ootsuka, Kazuo Sonobe, Hideki Yamanaka and Masatosi Kurano

Room Temperature Strengths of Individual Tabular Alumina and SinteredSpinel Grains (Aggregates)Suzanne E.Laurich-Mclntyre and Richard C.Bradt

On the Influence of Alumina on the Hydration Behaviour of Monocalcium 0265AluminateWolfgang Gebner, Steffen Mo'hmel, Reinhard Trettin, Gerd Oliew and Dirk Muller

Colloidally Processed Refractory Porous Ceramics for Structural 0274ApplicationsNilza O.Moutinho, M.Conceicao Greca, Rogerio A.Lopes and Ana M.Segadaes

Influence of Mullite-Zirconia Aggregate Addition on the Thermomechanical 0282Properties of High-Alumina RefractoriesV.C.Pandolfelli, V.R.Salvini, P.O.R.C.Brant, R.T.T.Noronha and U.Mattos

Das Amrtava's Hydration Equation for Japan Portland Cement 0292Amitava Das

Strength of SiC Whisker Preform 0299Kazunori Kijima and Yutaka Hiratsu

Superrefractory Cements in System (Ca, Sr, Ba)O-AhO3-ZrO2-HfO2-Gd2O3 0305N.lliukha and V.Timofeyeva

Corrosion Test on AI2O3-BN Samples in Contact with Mold FLuxes and 0314SteelsM.Lagace, B.Gueroult, M.Rigaud, A.Abreal, D.Goeuriot and F.Thevenot

A New Refractory Made by Reaction of Zircon Sand with Lime 0324F.Nadachowski, E.Drygalska, K.Haberko, J.lwanciw, A.Osiniak and D.Zelazna

INSULATING REFRACTORIES

Faster New Product Development - A Case Study : K-24 HS 0337Richard A.Waugh and James T.Meier

MAGNESIA-CARBON REFRACTORIES

Advanced Phenolic Resin Binder Systems for Magnesia-Carbon 0347RefractoriesPaul Williams, D.Taylor and H.Leoni

Phase Evolution in Various Carbon-Bonded Basic Refractories 0360Michel Rigaud, Pascal Bombard, Xiangmin Li and Bertrand Gueroult

* Dense Layer in MgO-C Refractory for Ladles 0372Gerson Correa Filho, Fabio D.Santos, Jose A.Rodrigues, Jose A.Varela and Elson Longo 1585

Thermochemical Evaluation of Dense MgO Layer Formation 0373Jeffrey D.Smith and Robert E.Moore

Investigation of Electric Conductivity of Ramming Mix 0382Kenji Ichikawa, Ryosuke Nakamura and Satoru Usuda

Advances in Magnesia-Carbon Brick Applications 0391RJhunjhunwala, M.M.Sahu, P.C.Padhi and Segi P.ldicula

Brazilian Flake Graphites for Carbon Containing Refractories 0401Paulo O.R.C.Brant and Vicente C.Cruz

Influence of Experimental Conditions on the Hot Modulus of Rupture of 0412MgO-C and MgO-C-AI RefractoriesC.Alvarez, E.Criado and C.Baudin

The Investigation of MgO-Enriched Dolomite-Carbon Brick and Its 0413Application to BOF SteelmakingWang Qingxian and Li Qingwei

Coking Tar Impregnated Refractory Products 0424Orville Hunter, Jr., James L.Hill, David E.Potts, David F.Taylor

Hot Modulus of Rupture Automatic Testing Machine 0435C.Alvarez, E.Criado, C.Baudin, G.Duphia and H.Kelichaus

Thermochemical Stability of MgO-C-AI Refractories 0442Jeffrey D.Smith and Robert E.Moore

Milestone - Nontoxic Magnesia-Carbon Bricks for Steel Casting Ladles 0454Klaus D&singer and Franz Reiterer

Development of High Erosion and Corrosion Resistance of MgO-C Bricks for 0462BOF ApplicationsPaulo O.R.C.Brant, Wander A.Lima and Charles A.Groenner

MONOLITHIC REFRACTORIES

Self Destruction of Unfired Refractory Castabies 0475David B.EIIson and Wayne W.Wright

Creep Mechanism of 90% AI2O3 Low and Ultralow Cement Castabies 0487S.K.Bhaduri, B.K.Panda, P.G.Pal, D.K.Singh, K.S.Swaminathan and S.K.Mitra

Microstructure, Phase Composition, and Properties of an Olivine-Based 0506CastableJay Tu, Robert B.Fortuna and Shu-Chun Su

Effect of Core Pipe and Castable on Spading Resistance of Lance Pipe 0517Takashi Matsunaga, Ichiro Takita and Kazushige Yamaguchi

Development and Use of Low-Cement, Self-Flowing Castabies 0527Joseph S.Masaryk, Richard A.Steinke and Ralph B.Videtto

Today's State-of-the-Art Refractory Systems 0539Richard C.Johnson

Progress in Maintenance Technologies of Monolithic Refractories for 0549Steel Teeming LadlesSeiji Hanagiri, Shigeru Fujihara, Shigemi Harada, Naoki Tutui

Blending of Castabies and Changes in Their Hardening Time with the 0561Lapse of TimeMasahiro Shiomori, Kiyohiro Hosokawa and Hajime Yoshino

Precision Manufactured Refractory Castabies 0572Thomas R.KIeeb, Joseph R.Schartner, John P.Sutton and Robert M.Cullen

Hot Strength and Bond-Phase Reactions in Low and Ultralow-Cement 0583CastabiesBjom Myhre

Development of Monolithic Lance for Rinsing Liquid Steel in India 0595S.N.Laha

RAW MATERIAL SELECTION ANDAPPLICATION IN REFRACTORIES

The Future of Refractory Raw Materials 0611Fotis Kandianis

Crystalline Silica - A Raw Material Requiring Focused Attention 0620Charles G.Marvin

Effect of Alkaline Oxide (K2O) on the Mechanical Behaviour at High 0625Temperature of Refractory BauxitesA.Caballero and Salvador de Aza

Reaction Sintering of Mullite Ceramics 0635Walter A.Mariano and Ruth H.G.A.Kiminami

The Effect of Bauxite Substitution on High Temperature Strength 0643Properties of Zirconia-Corundum Mullite MaterialZhong W.B., Sun Gengchen and Zhong Xiangchong

Composition, Microstructure an* Application of Bauxite Based on Mineral 0652SeparationL.Nan, L.Yonghe, W.Xitang, G.Xiaemei and K.Changming

Refractory-Grade Bauxite: An Overview -1993 0658Errol D.Sehnke

Calcium Aluminates Cement and Reactive Alumina 0672Alain Mathieu, Alain Capmas, Jean Pierre Bayoux and Denis Richon

Hydration Conditions and Microstructure Development in Calcium 0684Aluminate Cements' PastesClaudia M.M.Freitas, Paulo R.G.BrandSo and Roberto P.Rettore

Development of Corundum-Mullite-Zirconia Clinkers 0697Liu Xinyu, Sun Gengchen and Zhong Xiangchong

The Use of Conductimetry to Characterize the Reactivity of Calcium 0705Aluminate CementsThomas A.Bier, Alain Mathieu, Bruno Espinosa and Jean-Pierre Bayoux

Silica Fume CCM - Production and Application 0717Rubens C.Silveira, Marcio S.Lamas, Marcos J.A.Cysne, Giovanni Savini, MarcoA.Minafra, Evandro F.God6i and Nilson Ussem

Behavior of Calcined Aluminas on Thermomechanical and Rheological 0728Properties of Low-Cement CastabiesUbajara Mattos, Enrico DelPOro, Euler E.Neder, Augusto C.Amoedo and EduardoJ.Togni Cardillo

Refractories Based on Olivinite from Kola Region 0738V.A.Oriov, G.I.Kuznetsov, A.A.Kortel and J.D.Sagalevich

Properties and Applications of Sintered Magnesia Alumina Spinels 0749David R.Wilson, Roger M.Evans, Ian Wadsworth and Jess Cawley

Production and Use of High Grade Fused Magnesia in Mexico 0762Alberto Ross and Tushar Das

Magnesium - An Essential Ingredient in Our Modem Industrial Society and 0771NaturePeter Bartha and Hagen Schultes

High Grade Dead-Bumed Magnesia from a Brazilian Natural Magnesite 0782Alamar K.Duarte, Luis R.M.Bittencourt, Harold Nogueira, Vicente P.OIiveira, andAmilcar G.Morato

Actual Raw Materials Problems for Refractories Manufacturing in Poland 0793Wieslaw Piatkowski, Andrzej Kloska and Jadwiga Strama

Synthetic and Natural Dolomite Containing ZrO2 0802Waldir S.Resende, Jose A.Varela and Elson Longo

A Study of the Properties of Fused Dolomite in Refractory Application 0812Rainer Prange and Jiirgen Stradtmann

Refractory Raw Material Sourcing: Optimum Procedures and Practice 0823William H.McCracken

A Comparison of the Oxidation Behaviour in Air at 1050°C of Natural Flake 0830GraphitesG.R.Doughty and L.S.Tovey

REFRACTORIES FOR ALUMINIUM

Aluminium Titanate - A New Material for the Nonferrous Metals Industry 0843Peter Jeschke, Ingo Elstner, Daniel Grimm and Stefan Pischek

The Development and Application of An Aluminium Resistant Castable 0854Duncan Jones, Andrew M.Wynn and T.John Coppack

Development and Benefits of COMCAST™-SCB - A High Alumina Low 0862Cement Castable for Aluminium Reduction Cell Barrier LayersChristopher L.Crozier

Refractory Porous Plugs: Benefits, Design and Experiences 0872Douglas V.Stewart

Fabrication of Aluminium Titanate for Refractory Applications in 0877Nonferrous Metals IndustryD.S.Perera, R.L.Jeffries and D.C.Pender

REFRACTORIES FOR BLAST FURNACE

Development of Refractories for Sponge Iron Production 0891B.Ganesh Bhat and D.Ramakrishnan

Modelling of the Thermomechanical Behaviour of Refractory Shapes and 0903Linings - Experimental ValidationD.Themines, J.Poirier, G.Provost and P.BIumenfeld

Effect of Oxidation on Slag Resistance of Blast Furnace Trough Castabies 0914Jeffrey E.Bogan

Silicon Carbide Based Refractories Bonded Through Alkali Resistant 0922PhasesLuiz A.T.Pereira and Jo§o B.Baldo

Expansion Reactions on Heating Between Alumina-Silica Refractories and 0931AlkaliDenis A.Brosnan and John Sanders

Properties of Ultralow Cement Castabies in Al2O3-SiC-C-SiO2 Systems 0939St.Serbezov, Ya.lvanov, R.Serbezova, E.Dimitrova and H.Yonchev

Glaze Coated Cordierite Bricks for Coke Oven Ascension Pipes 0951Shinsaku Takahara, Takeshi Ebihara and Keisuke Hiragushi

Application of Sialon-Bonded SiC Bricks to Blast Furnace Lining 0963Masayuki Sakaguchi, Tetsuo Hirota, Koryu Aratani and Takuzo Mafune

Development of High Performance Cost Effective Blast Furnace Trough 0975Mix at Tata SteelA.K.Guha, R.Singh, A.Bachelor, S.K.Mitra, D.K.Singh, L.M.Chatterjee and C.D.Kamath

Blast Furnace Taphole Refractories - Improving the Performance in Brazil 0976Rubens Colombrini, Alvaro B.Lopes and Tsuyoshi Honjo

Effects of Potassium Attack on Blast Furnace Refractories 0980Yasushi Sato, Atsuya Kasai and Takao Suzuki

On the Wearing Mechanism of Thixotropic Castabies in Al2O3-SiC-C-SiO2 0991SystemsSt.Serbezov, R.Serbezova and St.Bagarov

REFRACTORIES FOR BOF

Improvement of BOF Lining Performance 1001Fabio D.Santos, Marco A.Pinto, Jose F.Miranda and Gerson Corrfea Filho

Ladle Management at LD Shop of Tata Steel 1002K.S.Ghosh, A.S.Sarkar, B.N.Ghosh and T.Mukherjee

Cost Effective Refractories for Oxygen Steelmaking 1014S.C.Kalra and S.Dutta

REFRACTORIES FOR CEMENT

New Kind of Chrome-Free (MgO-CaO-ZrO2) Bricks for Burning Zone of 1027Rotary Cement KilnHisao Kozuka,Yoshiharu Kajita, Yoshiki Tuchiya, Toru Honda and Shigetoshi Ohta

The Reactions Between Spinel from Periclase-Spinel Bricks and the 1038Compounds of Portland Cement ClinkerSlobodan Radovanovic

Magnesia-Alumina Spinel Refractories Based on Residue from a Plasma 1039Dross Recovery ProcessMukesh K.Jain and Tomas Richter

The Texture and the Permeability of Magnesia-Chrome Refractories 1051Associated with Cement Rotary KilnsAngela Rodrigues, Peter Knott and Joe G.Cabrera

REFRACTORIES FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING

Application of "Silica-Free" Alumina-Graphite Material to Ladle Shrouds 1065Kenji Ichikawa, Noboru Tsukamoto and Makoto Nakamura

Effect of Fused AbO3-ZrO2 on Properties of Sliding Nozzle Plate 1076Yoichi Yokoyama, Makoto Nakamura, Masami Nishikawa and Michihiro Goto

New Technique for the Prevention of Alumina Build-up in Submerged 1087Entry Nozzles for Continuous CastingPaul M.Benson, Quentin K.Robinson and Claude Dumazeau

Wearing Mechanism of Immersion Nozzle During Steel Continuous Casting 1097Walter L.C.Reis, Jose A.Varela, Sidiney N.Silva and Elson Longo

Recent Trend of SN Plate Materials and RN Mechanism 1098Yasushi Sasajima, Tsuyoshi Yoshida, Yasuta Koike and Hirokatsu Hattanda

Submerged Nozzle with Heat Insulation 1107T.Kawamura, S.Niwa, E.Hasebe and T.Simoda

Alumina Clogging Resistant Materials for Immersion Nozzle 1119Kazumi Oguri, Mitsuru Ando, Toshiyuki Muroi, Takafumi Aoki and Hisatake Okumura

REFRACTORIES FOR GLASS, HYDROCARBONINDUSTRIES AND WASTE INCINERATION

A New Type of Abrasion Resistant Refractory for Both Low and High 1131Temperature ApplicationsJohn D.Hancock

AbO3-Cr2O3-ZrO2 Refractories for Sewage Sludge Melting Furnace 1143Tetsuro Kato, Saburo Morii and Takao Kusakabe

Refractory Requirements and New Refractory Developments for Carbon 1154Black ReactorsDavid V.Stiles, Stanley R.Pavlica and Lawrence D.Fitch

Attack of Fluoride Molten Glass on Refractory Materials 1162Andres E.Pinto

Furnace Bottom Design in Soda Lime Furnaces Evaluation of Current 1174Solutions/TrendsE.Sertain and B.Cercley

Study on Bonded AZS Checker Brick for Regenerator in C.R.T. Glass 1188FurnaceEun-Tai Kim, Jung-Mok Park, Young-Sup Choi, Sang-Ahm Lee

REFRACTORIES FOR IRON AND STEEL

Lime-Periclase Ceramic-Bonded Refractories 1203G.I.Kuznetsov, V.G.Borisov, Ye.Ya.Shapiro.V.Ya.Guschin and Yu.S.Rodgoltz

Some Aspects in the Developments of Refractories Technology in China 1204Zhong Xiangchong

Creep Properties of Indian Silica Coke Oven Bricks 1205J.D.Panda, G.Goswami, P.Sahu and S.K.Chowdrtury

Actual Technology Status of Iranian Refractories Industries 1215Ali Hossain Zavieh and Ahmad Dadvand

Establishment of a Database on Refractories for Steelmaking 1227E.Criado, A.Pastor, A.del Rey and R.Sancho

Expansion Behaviour of Magnesia-Chrome Refractories 1239Esteban F.Aglietti and Alberto N.Scian

REFRACTORIES FOR NONFERROUS INDUSTRIES

Development of High Performance Magnesia-Chrome Refractories Used in 1251Nonferrous Metals Industry in ChinaLi Yong, Zhen Chaoyou, Xu Xueying and Wang Yiqian

REFRACTORIES FOR STEEL LADLES

Application of an Alumina-Spinel Castable to the Teeming Ladle for 1255Stainless SteelmakingToshio Kanatani and Yasuo Imaiida

How Infinite is Endless Lining of Ladles? 1267Eija Alasaarela and Wilhelm Eitel

The Development and Use of Pre-Cast Steel Ladle Floors 1279Nicholas C.Fletcher and Len E.Woods

Effect of CaO Content on the Properties of Alumina-Spinel Castable for 1289Steel LadleShoji Eto, Katsufumi Jono, Junichiro Mori, Tetsuo Hirota, Shoichi Hitomi, SeijiroTanaka and Takuzo Mafune

Attack of Ladle Refractories by Refining Synthetic Slags 1301Santiago R.Barrios and Elias A.Costa

Experiences of Monolithic Ladle Linings in Raahe Steel Works 1312Jaakko KSrja and Hannu Nevala

Impact of LF Startup on Ladle Operating Conditions, Ladle Refractory 1320Selection, Refractory Perfomance and Cost in a Steel Converter ShopRichard C.Kaldon and Edward L.Erny

Development of Safety Lining in Steel Ladle with Low Cement Castable 1331Carlos Cesar, Luis Rico and Cristian lelpi

Development of Alumina-Graphite Refractories for Transfer Ladles 1338Alvaro B.Lopes, Rubens Colombrini and Silvio C.Frasson

REFRACTORIES FOR TORPEDO LADLES

Performance of AI2O3-C-S1C for Torpedo Car Lining 1353Jo3o R.C.Filho, Manuel P.Bastos and Gerson Correa Filho

Improvement of Refractory for Torpedo Ladle with Hot Metal Pre- 1354TreatmentYoshikazu Kubo, Koji Doura, Juki Yagi and Nobuyoshi Hiroki

Slag Attack in High Alumina Refractories Used in Torpedo Car 1365Sidinei N.Silva, Oscar R.Marques, Pedro A.Peixoto, Carlos A.Paskocimas, Elson Longoand Jos6 A.Varela

REFRACTORIES FOR TUNDISH

Application of Highly Insulating Wear Mix to Tundish 1375Uong Chon, Jin Ik Chon, Young Jin Kim, Jong Eun Choi and Eui Hoon Kim

Improvement on Working Surroundings of Tundish Maintenance Shop 1387Katsutoshi Sakakidani, Keita Koyago, Junji Ikeda, Koichiro Fujii and Kenro Kurihara

Refractory Material - Source of Reoxidation in Tundish 1398Lumir Kuchar and Jouko HSrkki

Recent Practices for Tundish Lining : With Special Reference to Indian 1411Steel IndustriesV.Pandey and M.Mukhopadhyay

SECONDARY REFINING

Improvement of the Behaviour of the RH-OB Refractories at Sollac Dunkirk 1423and First Use of Chrome-Free Refractory MaterialsP.Tassot, JC.Lecas, G.Quenton and B.Bauvois

Improvement of Lower Vessel Life of No. 2 RH Vacuum Degasser 1435Shinichi Yamamoto, Hiroaki Nakanishi and Masaaki Nishi

Refractories for Steel Refining and De-Gassing 1443Y.Watanabe, David Orr and K.Sasaki

Effects of Surface Area on the Properties of Rebonded Fused Grain Brick 1455Shyam Miglani

Development of Highly Durable Magnesia Chromite Brick for Lower RH 1466VesselsKenji Tamaki, Jyoki Yoshitomi, Isao Furusato and Isao Tanaka

SLAG TESTS

Reaction of Iron and Steel Slags with Refractory Materials 1481Subrata Banerjee, Michael W.Anderson, Jitendra P.Singh and Roger Poeppel

Microstructural Characteristics of Corundum-Mullite-Zirconia Refractories 1493Subjected to Slag AttackKuan-Jye Chen, Feng Ji Huang, Jose S.Moya and Salvador de Aza

Electrochemical Corrosion of Carbon-Containing Refractories 1506Chen Zhao-You

Slag Penetration Into Magnesia and Alumina Monolithic Refractories 1515Etsuro Udagawa, Eizo Maeda and Tsutomu Nozaki

TOTAL QUALITY SYSTEMS ANDSTATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL

International Standards for Refractories 1527Charles G.Marvin and Louis J.Trostel, Jr.

Quick Sampling and Testing of Castabies 1530Cesar E.Calle

Testing of Refractories Using Thermal Analysis 1538JoSo Y.Mesquita, JJanoschek, L.Hagemann and S.Winkler

Abrasion - Experimental Approach: An Attempt to Take Into Account Field 1550ConditionsB.CIavaud, S.Martin-Calle and T.Mathia

ISO 9000 Certification for Systems of a Refractories Industry: A Case 1562StudyValmy A.G.OIiveira, Jr.

Integrated Total Quality Management in the Refractory Industry 1570A.Pertl and J.Mosser

* DELAYED PAPER (Dense Layer in MgO-C Refractory for Ladles) 1585

AUTHOR INDEX 1595