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PROCEEDINGS
"Coal - Energy and the Environment"
Eighth Annual InternationalPittsburgh
Coal Conference
October 14-18, 1991
Hosted by:
The University of PittsburghSchool of Engineering
Center for Energy Research
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SERIES I: FUNDAMENTALS
SESSION 1
SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORY
Mineral Matter Transformations
Cochairmen:
L. Baxter, Sandia National Laboratoryi. J. Helble, PSI Technology Company
The Relative Fouling Tendencies of Parent and Blended Coals:Modeling and ExperimentE. L. Barta, M. A. Toqan, J. M. Beer, A. F. Sarofim, The Energy Laboratoryand Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology . .
The Effect of Coal Cleaning on the Partitioning of Trace Elements DuringPulverized Coal CombustionJ. J. Helble, S. Srinivasachar, PSI Technology Company; F. E. Huggins, N. Shah,G. P. Huffman, University of Kentucky
Predicting the Effects of Ash Deposits on Boiler Performance:Where Do We Stand?R . W . B o r i o , A . A . L e v a s s e u r , Asea B r o w n B o v e r i - Combustion E n g i n e e r i n g . . . . 5
Assessment of Ash Sintering Potential by Conductance and DilatometryG. K. Lee, K. V. Thambimuthu, J. M. Hill, Department of Energy, Mines andResources, Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology 6
Practical Application of Advanced Coal Analysis to Coal BlendingD. W. Brekke, C. J. Zygarlicke, B. S. Folkedahl, E. N. Steadman, Energy &Environmental Research Center, University of North Dakota 12
Char Fragmentation and Fly Ash Formation During Coal CombustionL. L. Baxter, Sandia National Laboratories 19
SESSION 2
BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY
Combustion Modeling
Chairman:
S. C. Hill, Brigham Young University
A Validation Study of the Moving-Bed Coal Gasification Model, MGAST. J. O'Brien, U.S. DOE, Morgantown Energy Technology Center; M. Syamlal,EG&G Washington Analytical Services Center, Morgantown Operations 27
Simulation of Mineral Matter Behavior During CombustionJ. Harb, G. H. Richards, Advanced Combustion Engineering Research Center,Brigham Young University
Numerical Models as Combustion System Design ToolsC. E. Latham, W. A. Fiveland, A. D. LaRue, The Babcock & Wilcox Company
Three-Dimensional Modeling of Full-Scale Combustion SystemsS. C. Hill, J. D. Cannon, L. D. Smoot, Advanced Combustion EngineeringResearch Center, Brigham Young University
Mathematical Modelling of Some Semi-Industrial Pulverised Coal FlamesF. C. Lockwood, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine;T. Mahmud, Leeds University; M. A. Yehia, Imperial College of Science,Technology and Medicine, UNITED KINGDOM
Three-Dimensional Modeling of Combustion and Flow Processes in aCoal Fired CombustorA. U. Chatwani, A. Turan, D. B. Stickler, Textron Defense Systems . .
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SESSION A
Fundamentals
Cochairmen:
B. I. Morsi, University of PittsburghM. Wu, Consolidation Coal Company
Drop Size Comparisons for Flue Gas DesulfurizationW. Bartell, J. Ferrazza, R. Schick, Spraying Systems Co
Coal Denitrification in Mild PyrolysisP. T. Yeh, T. C. Keener, Department of Civil & EnvironmentalEngineering, University of Cincinnati
Determination of "Organic" Sulfur Species in Coal by SupercriticalFluid ExtractionR. C. Timpe, P. K. K. Louie, D. J. Miller, S. B. Hawthorne, Energy andEnvironmental Research Center, University of North Dakota
Sulfur Capture by Flame Processed SorbentsH. S. Hura, J. Woodroffe, D. Stickler, Textron Defense Systems
Effect of Pyrolysis Conditions on Gasification Reactivity of CharsR. K. Agrawal, M. W. Kellogg Co
Modeling IGCC System Performance, Emissions and Cost Using ProbabilisticEngineering ModelsH. C. Frey, E. S. Rubin, Center for Energy and Environmental Studies,Carnegie Mellon University
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The Sulphur Dioxide Reduction by Limestone During Staged CombustionW. U. Z. Khan, B. M. Gibbs, University of Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
Transport Equation in the Flue Gas DesulphurisationA. P. Bhattacharya, S. Chaudhuri, National Metallurgical Lab, INDIA
Aerosolized Feeding System for Dry ScrubbingM. K. Alam, N. Nahar, M. Prudich, College of Engineering and Technology,Ohio University
Enhancing the Extractability of Coal Under Atmospheric Pressure Conditions.Mechanism of Successive Solvent Attack on Coal StructureD. K. Sharma, Indian Institute of Technology, INDIA
SESSION 3
OHIO COAL RESEARCH CONSORTIUM
Dry Scrubbing
Cochairmen:
M. E. Prudich, Ohio UniversityS.-J. Khang, University of Cincinnati
Modeling and Evaluation of Granular Limestone, Dry Scrubbing ProcessesS. Chattopadhyay, K. J. Sampson, M. E. Prudich, N. S. Reddy, Department ofChemical Engineering, Ohio University
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Powder Agglomeration Effects in the Dispersion and Transport ofCalcium-Based SorbentsR. J. Eubanks, K. Raghunathan, L.-S. Fan, Department of Chemical Engineering,The Ohio State University
The Effects of Carbonation Reaction on the Utilization of CalciumHydroxide SorbentX. Zhang, A. Wang, S. J. Khang, T. C. Keener, Department of Civil &Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati
Rapid, High-Temperature Sulfur Capture with Calcium-Based SorbentsR. J. Anderson, U.S. DOE, Morgantown Energy Technology Center;S. P. Venkatesan, Oak Ridge Associate Universities; M. S. Tucker, U.S. DOE,Morgantown Energy Technology Center
Effect of Chloride on Spray Dryer Flue Gas Desulfurization PerformanceT. A. Burnett, Tennessee Valley Authority; R. A. Barton, C. W. Dawson,Ontario Hydro, CANADA; R. G. Rhudy, Electric Power Research Institute;G. Blythe, K. L. Heineken, Radian; M. Durham, ADA Technologies, Inc. . .
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SESSION 4
U.S. DOE, MORGANTOWN ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CENTER
Analytical Techniques for Trace Elements
Chairman:
Rod Anderson, U.S. DOE, Morgantown Energy Technology Center
Analytical Instrumentation for Monitoring Process StreamsR. Romanosky, U.S. DOE, Morgantown Energy Technology Center
In Situ Particle Size Distribution Measurements in Coal-Fired CombustionD. Holve, Insitec
Monitoring Methods for Selected Air ToxicsR. Mann, A. G. Eklund, C. M. Thompson, Radian Corp.; W. Chow, B. Nott,Electric Power Research Institute
Capacitance Imaging System for Use in Monitoring Solids/Gas FlowsD. E. Paton, G. E. Fasching, N. S. Smith, U.S. DOE, Morgantown EnergyTechnology Center
The Development of a Portable Device for the Monitoring of Coal StockpileTemperature and Gas CompositionS. Grossman, National Coal Supply Corporation; S. Davidi, Ben Gurion University;H. Cohen, NRCN Chemistry Department, ISRAEL
Trace Element and S Isotopic Microanalysis of Coal - A Combined PIXE andSIMS ApproachD. D. Hickmott, W. S. Baldridge, Los Alamos National Laboratory
SESSION 5
U.S. DOE, MORGANTOWN ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CENTER
Fundamental Studies of Pyrolysis Processes inMild Gasification of Coal
Cochairmen;
M. A. Serio, Advanced Fuel ResearchD. Maloney, U.S. DOE, Morgantown Energy Technology Center
Mild Gasification - The U.S. Department of Energy Program to ProduceHigh-Value Products from Pyrolysis of CoalJ. Longanbach, U.S. DOE, Morgantown Energy Technology Center
Chemical Nature of Liquids from Coal PyrolysisW. Wanzl, DMT-Gesellschaftf. Forschung u. Prufung GmbH, GERMANY
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The Development of Correlations Between Chemical Composition and SomeProperties of Coal Liquids and Shale OilsL. J. Shadle, U.S. DOE, Morgantown Energy Technology Center;K. Seshadri, EG&G WASC/METC 162
NMR Characterization of Pyrolysis and Activation of Illinois CoalsM. A. Petrich, A. Merchant, Department of Chemical Engineering,Northwestern University 171
Approaches for Improving Coal Pyrolysis PerformanceC. W. Kruse, A. D. Williams, Illinois State Geological Survey 177
Modeling of Mild Gasification ProcessesM . A . S e r i o , P . R . S o l o m o n , Z . - Z . Y u , S . C h a r p e n a y , Advanced Fuel R e s e a r c h . . . 1 8 3
SERIES II: COAL CLEANING
SESSION 6
IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY - AMES LABORATORY
Coal Cleaning I
Cochairmen:
R. Markuszewski, Ames Laboratory, Iowa State UniversityA. Deurbrouck, Consultant
Coal Oxidation and Its Effect on Oil AgglomerationX. Qiu, T. D. Wheelock, Ames Lab, Iowa State University 191
Characterization of Chemical and Energetic Compositions of Fine Coal Surfaces:Advances and ProblemsX.-H. Wang, B.K. Parekh, Center for Applied Energy Research, Universityof Kentucky 197
Washability Characterization of Fine CoalG.T. Adel, D. Wang, R.-H. Yoon, Virginia Center for Coals & Minerals Processing,Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University 204
The Effect of Sonic Energy on the Flotation Response of Oxidized Coaland PyriteW. H. Buttermore, B. J. Slomka, M.R. Dawson, Ames Lab, Iowa State University . 210
Recent Developments in Coal PreparationJ. Balzarini, R. Hucko, U.S. DOE, Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center 218
SESSION 7
U.S. DOE, PITTSBURGH ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CENTER
Coal Cleaning II
Cochairmen:
R. Killmeyer, Jr., U.S. DOE, Pittsburgh Energy Technology CenterA. Deurbrouck, Consultant
Middlings Grinding and Novel Fine-Coal Cleaning Produces Feedstock forSelf-Scrubbing CoalJ. K. Kindig, Customs Coals Int'l 231
Applicability of Upgraded U.S. Low-Rank Coals to Power Plants ofPacific Rim CountriesY. K. Ahn, T. L. Buchanan, R. Zaharchuk, Gilbert/Commonwealth 237
Development of the Microcel™ TechnologyG. H. Luttrell, M. J. Mankosa, R. H. Yoon, Virginia Center for Coal and MineralsProcessing, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University 247
An Economic Evaluation of Microbial Desulfurization of CoalM. S. McCaughey, D. L. Rosholt, MSE, Inc.; G. Andrews,M. Mcllwain, EG&G, Inc 254
The Enhancement of the Selectivity of Oil Agglomeration for the Eliminationof Iron Pyrite from CoalR. J. Good, Department of Chemical Engineering, SUNY-Buffalo; M. N. Badgujar,G.K. Carbonate Co.; H. T.-L. Huang, Department of Chemical Engineering,Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; S. N. Handur-Kulkarni, C. S. Kimeric Co.;D. V. Keller, Ostica Ind., Ltd 260
Dry Cleaning of Coarse Coal with an Air Dense Medium Fluidized at10 Tons Per HourQ. Chen, Y. Yi, Z. Yu, T. Wang, China University of Mining &Technology, PRC 266
SESSION B
Coal Cleaning
Cochairmen:
B. I. Morsi, University of PittsburghM. Wu, Consolidation Coal Company
The Behavior of Trace Elements During Fine Coal Cleaning by Froth FlotationA. B. Garcia, M. R. Martinez-Tarazona, Instituto Nacional del Carbon,CSIC, SPAIN 275
Flotation Behavior of Mineral and Coal PyriteT. Zhong, Q. Huang, W. B. Hu, M. E. Wadsworth, D. M. Bodily,College of Mines, University of Utah 282
Desulfurization of Sulcis Coal by Low Temperature Pyrolysis andSelective AgglomerationG. Passoni, L. Pellegrini, A. Vettor, Eniricerche SpA, ITALY 287
Optimization of an Agglomeration Process Using n-Heptane as AgglomerantS. Kim, M. V. Ciocco, B. I. Morsi, S.-H. Chiang, G. Araujo, Chemical andPetroleum Engineering Department, University of Pittsburgh 293
Morphology of Coal Agglomerates from a Selective Agglomeration ProcessH. A. Bi, J. R. Blachere, Material Science and Engineering, B. I. Morsi,S.-H. Chiang, G. Araujo, S. Kim, M. V. Ciocco, Chemical and PetroleumEngineering, University of Pittsburgh 299
Improved Molten Caustic Cleaning of Coal by Two-Stage LeachingC. D. Chriswell, R. Markuszewski, Ames Lab, Iowa State University 305
Estimation of Critical Particle Size in Float Sink SeparationsD. Birlingmair, W. Buttermore, B. V. Eniistiin, James Pollard, Ames Lab,Iowa State University 312
Thermoanalytical Study of the Combustibility of a Coal Cleaned withMolten CausticG. Norton, R. Markuszewski, C. D. Chriswell, Ames Lab, Iowa State University . . 316
Vitrinite Enrichment of Coal Slurries by Selective Flocculation and ElutriationJ. J. Prinsloo, University of the North, Sovenga; J. H. P. van Heerden, SOMCHEM,Somerset-West, SOUTH AFRICA 323
Coal Refining by Maceral Liberation and SeparationK. E. Tempelmeyer, J. Crelling, E. Hippo, B. Paul, M. Yen, Southern IllinoisUniversity at Carbondale 329
SERIES III: ENEGY/ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
SESSION C
Open Forum - Energy Issues
Cochairman:
B. I. Morsi, University of PittsburghM. Wu, Consolidation Coal Company
Market-Based Approach to Acid Rain ControlC. S. Pavetto, Attorney 337
Environmental Impacts Due to Surface Mining of Coal in Southern BrazilG. M. Rohde, Fundacao de Ciencia e Tecnologia, BRAZIL 338
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Materials Engineering Challenges in Clean Coal TechnologiesG. Sorell, G. Sorell Consulting Services 342
China's Coal Industry: Its Present Situation and ProspectsJ. Dong, Research Institute of Energy Economics, PRC 351
The International Trade of Coal in the People's Republic of ChinaX. Gia, Company of Transport & Sale of Coal ofXinzhou Region, PRC 355
A Rational Coal Based Fuel Policy for the U.S.A.
M. Deul, University of Pittsburgh 356
SESSION 8
SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY
Utility Compliance Strategies
Chairman:
J. Mead, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale
Phase I and Phase II Acid Rain Compliance ApproachesL. Metzroff, K. S. Knutson, Resource Data International, Inc 363State Policy in Relation to Emission Allowance Creation and TradingB. Lieberman, Illinois Department of Energy & Natural Resources 390
Role of Emission Allowances in Utility Compliance DecisionsD. South, Argonne National Laboratory; K. McDermott, Center forRegulatory Studies 391
SO2 Emission Allowances: Yours, Mine, Ours, and TheirsT. Huettemann, Energy Management Associates, Inc 392
Modeling Coal Market Responses to Acid Rain LegislationG. Parker, J. Crenshaw, Department of Mathematics, D. Arey, Coal Research Center,Southern Illinois University at Carbondale 396
SESSION 9
CONFERENCE SYMPOSIUM
Global Climate Change:Scientific, Economic and Policy Perspectives
Cochairmen:
Robert Kane, U.S. Department of Energy, HeadquartersDonald Kratz, AMAX Coal Company
The Uncertainties of Global Temperatures in the Global Warming ContextJ. Christy, University of Alabama in Huntsville 405
Global Climate Change - International PerspectivesS. Kinney, Office of Global Change, Department of State 411
An Electric Utility PerspectiveW. Fang, Edison Electric Institute 412
What is the Global Climate Change Issue Really All About?T. Altmeyer, National Coal Association 413
Macroeconomic Impacts of Emission Reduction StrategiesD. South, Argonne National Laboratory 415
CO, Removal, Recovery & Disposal: Options and CostsC. Drummond, U.S. DOE, Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center 416
SESSION 10
CONFERENCE SYMPOSIUM
RCRA Reauthorization - What's in Store for the Coal Industry
Cochairmen:
R. Fenton, American Mining CongressW. B. Middendorf, Benatec Associates
Proposed Amendments to RCRA - The Potential Impact on MiningB. Little, Esq., Jackson & Kelley 419
New NPDES Stormwater Discharge Permitting RequirementsT. McCrum, Esq., Crowell & Moring 420
Environmental Auditing - Protecting Yourself from Potential LiabilityW. B. Middendorf, Benatec Associates 424
SERIES IV: ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES
SESSION 11
CONFERENCE SYMPOSIUM
Effects of Environmental Legislation on Utility Planning
Cochairmen:
G. Hollinden, Radian CorporationR. H. Rainey, U.S. Department of Energy, Headquarters
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990: Overview and Implementation StatusB. Brownell, Hunton & Williams 431
SO2 Allocation Trading System - Allowing it to WorkD. Dudek, A. LeBlanc, Environmental Defense Fund 431
The Market Potential for Gas Cleaning Systems Adopted to Powerplants inEurope and the Associated PoliciesH. A. Masson, ECOTEC, BELGIUM 431
Complying with the Entire Clean Air Act - A National PerspectiveB. Beck, Edison Electric Institute 431
Global Climate Change: Economic, Scientific and International PerspectivesP. Bailey, Department of Energy, Headquarters 431
Evaluating Options for Acid Rain Compliance - A Utility's PerspectiveD. Heydlauff, American Electric Power Service Corporation 433
SESSION 12
CONFERENCE SYMPOSIUM
SO2 Control from Utility Perspective
Chairman:
N. Sekhar, Stone & Webster
Development of a Streamline Flue Gas Desulphurisation Plant for Retrofitto a 2000 MW U.K. Power StationI. Gower, JBE&C, Ltd.; J. Evans, S. Reynolds, Powergen, United Kingdom 441
The Evolution of FGD System Design, Operation and Maintenance atTampa Electric CompanyJ. Smolenski, R. Laws, K. Sheffield, G. Grotecloss, Tampa Electric Co 443
The Utility Perspective of the Limb Project at Ohio Edison's Edgewater StationJ, Hoffmann, Ohio Edison Co.; T. R. Goots, Babcock & Wilcox 444
Acid Rain Compliance Strategy Approach for Utility IndustryN. Sekhar, C. Wedig, Stone & Webster 450
Integrated Systems for NO, and SO, Removal in the Healy Clean Coal ProjectR. A. York, Stone & Webster; S. Heintz, U.S. DOE, Pittsburgh EnergyTechnology Center; F. Abegg, Golden Valley Electric Assoc.;S. Denton, Usibelli Coal Mine 451
The Use of Cerium Oxide in Flue Gases as a Regenerable Sorbent for SO2
and the Use of Cerium Sulfate as a Catalyst for NOX RemovalW. G. Wilson, Gas Desulfurization Corp.; J. T. Cobb, Chemical and PetroleumEngineering, University of Pittsburgh; D. A. K. Roy, Department of MaterialScience and Engineering, McMaster University, CANADA; V. Jalan, M. Desai,Electrochem, Inc 457
The Cansolv™ System Process - Economical High Efficiency FGD for HighSulfur CoalR. W. Birnbaum, L. E. Hakka, Union Carbide, CANADA 464
SESSION D
Environmental Technologies
Cochairmen:
B. I. Morsi, University of PittsburghM. Wu, Consolidation Coal Company
Control of Denitrification Unit at Coal Firing Thermal Power PlantT. Oiwa, Yonden Engineering Co., Ltd., JAPAN
The Current Status of the NOXSO Flue Gas Treatment ProcessJ. L. Haslbeck, M. C. Woods, NOXSO Corp.; R. L. Gilbert, MK-Ferguson Co.;C. P. Brundrett, W. R. Grace & Co.; R. E. Bolli, Ohio Edison
Unique Features of Urea-Based NO,OUT™ Process for Reducing NO, EmissionsM. L. Lin, D. V. Diep, L. Dubin, Nalco Fuel Tech
Evaluation of Sulfite- and Citrate-Based Facilitated-Transport LiquidMembranes for Flue Gas DesulfurizationN. R. Pakala, S. E. LeBlanc, D. S. Varanasi, Department of ChemicalEngineering, The University of Toledo
Recycle of Wastes in Pubai Power PlantJ. Li, Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh;L. Bo, CCMRI, PRC
Alternative Perspectives for Carbon Dioxide StabilizationM. S. Iyengar, V.A. Iyengar, M. S. Iyengar & Assoc, INDIA
The Use of Coal Combustion Solid By-Product in Coal Mines as Binding MaterialP. Krzystolik, K. Lebecki, Experimental Mine "Barbara"; J. Hycnar, State CoalAgency; B. Mikolajczyk, Energopomiar, POLAND
SESSION 13
CONFERENCE SYMPOSIUM
NO, Control from Utility Perspective
Cochairmen:
D. Shore, Radian CorporationD. Eskinazi, Electric Power Research Institute
Learning from the School of Hard NO,V. J. Brisini, Pennsylvania Electric Company
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Advanced Tangentiaily Fired Combustion Techniques for the Reduction ofNitrogen Oxide (NO,) Emissions from Coal-Fired BoilersS. M. Wilson, R. R. Hardman, Southern Company Services
Advanced Wall Fired Combustion Techniques for the Reduction of NitrogenOxide (NO,) Emissions from Coal-Fired BoilersS. M. Wilson, J. N. Sorge, Southern Company Services
Demonstration of Low-NO, Cell-Burner on the 330 MW N.4 Coal Unit atVado Ligure Power StationA. Benanti, G. DeMichele, R. Tarli, ENEL, ITALY
Retrofit NOX Control Strategies for Coal-Fired Utility BoilersD. Eskinazi, Electric Power Research Institute
Implementation of Combustion Modifications to Reduce NO,D. C. Baublis, R. J. Dube, Stone & Webster
SESSION 14
RADIAN CORPORATION
Utility Executive Forum
Chairman:
D. Carl ton, Radian Corporation
Panel DiscussionG. Hidy, Vice President, Electric Power Research Institute; J. J. Markowsky,Senior Vice President, American Electric Power Service Corporation; E. Nye,President, Texas Utility Electric Company
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549
Question and Answer Period
Presentation of Papers:
Flue Gas Desulfurization Costs TodayR. J. Keeth, P. A. Ireland, United Engineers & Constructors; P. T. Radcliffe,Electric Power Research Institute
SESSION 15
SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY
Toxics and Combustion Waste Disposal
Chairman:
S. Rajan, Southern Illinois University
Chemisorptive Liners for Isolation/ Containment of Spray Dryer and AFBCBy-ProductsW. A. Weigand, A. G. Eklund, Radian Corp.; M. McLean, Electric PowerResearch Institute
Ettringite Formation in Coal Ash as a Mechanism for Stabilization ofHazardous Trace ElementsD. J. Hassett, D. F. Pflughoeft-Hassett, Energy & Environmental Research Center,University of North Dakota; G. J. McCarthy, Departments of Chemistry andGeology, North Dakota State University
557
Effects of Process Variables on Atmospheric Fluidized Bed CombustionSolid By-Product CharacteristicsA. G. Eklund, Radian Corp.; D. M. Golden, Electric Power Research Institute
Autoclaved Cellular Concrete: A Unique Fly Ash Based Building MaterialE. C. Pytlik, J. Saxena, Department of Technology Education WestVirginia University
High-Volume Fly Ash Utilization and the Hydrogeologic Effects at aNorth Dakota Power Generation FacilityD. F. Pflughoeft-Hassett, Energy & Environmental Research Center,University of North Dakota; A. Stewart, Cooperative Power; C. J. Moretti,Energy & Environmental Research Center, University of North Dakota;T. Johnson, Delta Environmental; D. J. Hassett, B. A. Dockter, Energy& Environmental Research Center, University of North Dakota
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Characterization of Mutagenic Compounds in Coal Tar from LurgiGasification ProcessX.-B. Xu, X.-K. Wang, Z.-L. Jin, Academia Sinica, PRC; Y.-Y. Wang,California Health Department
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SERIES V: NOVEL CONVERSION STRATEGIES
SESSION 16
UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH
Applied C, Chemistry
Cochairmen:
I. Wender, University of PittsburghJ. G. Goodwin, Jr., University of Pittsburgh
"C Tracer Studies in Elucidating Mechanisms in the Fischer-Tropsch SynthesisB. H. Davis, Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky 597
The Effect of CO2 and H2O and Their Interaction in a Novel SlurryPhase Synthesis of MethanolV. Palekar, Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh;Z. Liu, Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University;Y. T. Shah, School of Engineering, Drexel University; J. W. Tierney,I. Wender, Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh 603
Thermodynamic Analysis of Dual Catalytic Synthesis of Dimethyl Etherfrom SyngasM. R. Gogate, P. Vijayragnavan, K. L. Fullerton, S. Lee, Department ofChemical Engineering, University of Akron 609
Parametric Comparison of Two-Phase Fixed Bed and Three-Phase BubbleColumn ReactorsS. L. Shannon, A. M. Kazi, J. G. Goodwin, Jr., Chemical and PetroleumEngineering, University of Pittsburgh 615
Modeling of Slurry Reactor for Fischer-Tropsch SynthesisA. Prakash, P. Bendale, Viking Systems Intl 621
Perspective of C, Chemistry in ChinaH.-C. Bao, Chinese Academy of Science, PRC; W.-Z. Li, D.-B. Liang, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, PRC 630
SESSION 17
U.S. DOE, MORGANTOWN ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CENTER
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Processes
Cochairmen:
R. Bajura, U.S. DOE, Morgantown Energy Technology CenterM. J. Mayfield, U.S. DOE, Morgantown Energy Technology Center
Coal Gasification for Power GenerationM. R. Gogineni, H. E. Andrus, Combustion Engineering; L. A. Frasco, Springfield, ILOffice of Public Utilities 633
Shell Coal Gasification Process: Recent Results on Low Ash Feedstocks,Including Petroleum CokeJ. N. Phillips, U. Mahagaokar, Shell Development Co
The Application of Underground Coal Gasification to the PennsylvaniaAnthracite ResourceA. H. Singleton, G. S. Malasky, B. E. Davis, Energy International Corporation . .
The Behavior of Sulfur Sorbents Containing Dispersed NickelJ. H. Swisher, Mechanical Engineering & Energy Processes, Southern IllinoisUniversity; K. Schwerdtfeger, Technische Universitat Clausthal, GERMANY . . . .
Update on DOE's IGCC ProgramsR. A. Bajura, R. C. Bedick, U.S. DOE, Morgantown Energy Technology Center .
Selecting Coal Gasification Processes in Relation to Feedstock Characteristicsand End User NeedsW. H. Tuppeny, Jr., Tuppeny & McGowan Assoc; A. Flowers, Consultant;H. Brown, IMS Pty Ltd., SOUTH AFRICA; G. Quesnel, Stein Industrie, FRANCE .
SESSION E
Novel Conversion Strategies
Cochairmen:
B. I. Morsi, University of PittsburghM. Wu, Consolidation Coal Company
Kinetics of Sulfur Compounds Release and Evolution in the Liquefactionof CoalF. Gioia, University of Naples; G. Brescia, ENIRICERCHE; F. Murena,FISIA, ITALY
Economical Clean Carbon Fuel and Coproduct Gaseous and Liquid Fuelfrom CoalM. Steinberg, E. W. Grohse, Brookhaven National Laboratory
R&D on the Slurry Fischer-Tropsch/ZSM-5 Process for the Synthesis ofHydrocarbonsY.-L Zhao, T.-G. Song, P.-G. Liu, B.-J. Zhang, Institute of Coal Chemistry, PRC .
Western Energy Company Advanced Coal Conversion ProcessJ. Kelly, R. W. Sheldon, Western Energy Co.; D. L. Rosholt, S. T. Kujawa,MSE, Inc
The Use of Anthracite in Ferrous and Nonferrous Metal SmeltersP. L. Rozelle, The Anthracite Institute, A. W. Scaroni, The Combustion Laboratory,Pennsylvania State University
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SESSION 18
U.S. DOE, PITTSBURGH ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CENTER
Iron-Based Catalysts in Liquefaction
Cochairmen:
M. Farcasiu, U.S. DOE, Pittsburgh Energy Technology CenterL. Anderson, University of Utah
Formation and Characterization of Highly-Dispersed Iron CatalystsJ. Wilcoxon, A. Sylwester, P. Nigrey, A. Martino, C. Quintana, R. J. Baughman,Sandia National Laboratory
Novel Technologies for the Production of Ultrafine CoalLiquefaction CatalystsD. W. Matson, J. J. Fulton, J. C. Linehan, R. M. Bean, PacificNorthwest Laboratory
Structure and Dispersion of Iron-Based Catalysts of Interest in theConsortium for Fossil Fuel Liquefaction Science ProgramG. P. Huffman, F. E. Huggins, University of Kentucky; M. S. Seehra,R. T. K. Baker, Chemical Engineering Department, Auburn University;E. M. Eyring, Chemistry Department, University of Utah; P.J. Reucroft,University of Kentucky
Iron-Sulfur Catalysts for Coal Liquefaction. Recent Progress atNEDO-JAPANH. Narita, New Energy and Industrial Technology DevelopmentOrganization, JAPAN
Novel Modifications of Fe (III) Oxides for Catalysis in Coal LiquefactionV. R. Pradham, J. W. Tierney, I. Wender, Chemical and Petroleum Engineering,University of Pittsburgh
The Use of Hydrated Iron Oxide Catalysts in Coal LiquefactionA. V. Cugini, D. Krastman, R. F. Hickey, U.S. DOE, Pittsburgh EnergyTechnology Center; V. Balsone, Gilbert/Commonwealth
SESSION 19
U.S. DOE, PITTSBURGH ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CENTER
Applied Liquefaction
Cochairmen:
H. D. Schindler, Burns & Roe Industrial Services Co.F. Burke, Consolidation Coal Company
Direct Coal Liquefaction - Status and DirectionR. E. Lumpkin, Amoco Corporation
703
709
715
721
727
733
British Coal's Liquefaction ProjectG. M. Kimber, S. A. Moore, M. D. Gray, British Coal LiquefactionProject, UNITED KINGDOM 747
Overview of NEDO Coal Liquefaction ProgramH. Narita, New Energy and Industrial Technology DevelopmentOrganization, JAPAN 753
Two-Stage Liquefaction at Wilsonville: Recent Progress and Future DirectionsS. V. Gollakota, P. Vimalchand, Southern Electric International 759
A Baseline Design Study of Two Stage Direct Coal LiquefactionS. K. Poddar, Bechtel Corp.; A. Basu, S. J. Kramer, Amoco Oil Company 765
Coal Liquefaction Program OverviewG. V. McGurl, U.S. DOE, Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center; R. D. Srivastava,Burns & Roe Service Corp 774
SESSION 20
UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH
Non-Fuel Coal Applications
Cochairmen:
A. Stokes, Stokes Consulting GroupJ. T. Cobb, Jr., University of Pittsburgh
The Significance of Electric Furnace Steel in ReplacingTraditional TechnologiesR. M. Smailer, D. F. Pekor, Davy McKee Corp 783
Coal-Based Ironmaking with the FASTMET" ProcessJ. A. Lepinski, D. C. Meissner, Midrex Corp 790
Combining Coal Gasification and Hot Metal Production - The COREX" ProcessW. Schiffer, Voest-Alpine Industrie-anlagenbau GmbH, AUSTRIA; H. Heckman,Deutsch Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagnebau GmbH, GERMANY 796
Coke in Balance? Never!N. Anderson, Jr., Industrial Historian 802
The Sun Non-Byproduct Heat Recovery Coke Oven as a Component ofClean Steel ProcessesJ- Knoerzer, Sun Coal Co 808
Sources and Industrial Uses of Coal Tar Productsc - L. Irwin, A. H. Stiller, J. W. Zondlo, West Virginia University; C. F. Chang,wCUJ Carbon Co., Inc.; K. C. Krupinski, Aristech Chemical Corp.;E- R. McHenry, Koppers Industries, Inc 809
741
xxi n l
SERIES VI: COMBUSTION SYSTEMS
SESSION 21
AMERICAN COAL ASH ASSOCIATION
Coal Ash Quality Control/Quality Assurance
Cochairmen:
E. Borissoff, American Coal Ash AssociationR. A. Ophaug, Lansing Board of Water and Light
Utility Operating Conditions Relative to Coal AshL. A. Sonz, Public Service Electric & Gas
The Influence of Coal Properties, Boiler and Combustion Conditions onFly Ash Properties That Relate to its UtilizationA. Cerkanowicz, J. Liskowitz, M. Wecharatana, Advanced Technology Center,New Jersey Institute of Technology
Potential Model of the Energy Manufacturing Process to PredictProperties of Fly Ash as it Relates to UtilizationA. Cerkanowicz, J. Liskowitz, M. Wecharatana, Advanced Technology Center,New Jersey Institute of Technology
Optimization of Coal Fly Ash Properties and its Utilization in The NetherlandsH.A. van der Sloot, ECN, Netherlands Energy Research Foundation,THE NETHERLANDS
Utilization of Carbon in Fly AshP. Cheremisinoff, Department of Chemical Engineering, New Jersey Instituteof Technology
SESSION 22
CONFERENCE SYMPOSIUM
Coal Waste Combustion
Chairman:
William Kolosi, Ohio Edison
Coal and Waste Fuel Cofiring in Industrial and Utility ApplicationsC. R. McGowin, E. E. Hughes, Electric Power Research Institute . . .
815
818
839
843
850
Ohio Edison Tire Burning ProjectJ . E . G i l l e n , Ohio E d i s o n Co. . . .
8 5 3 I
859
Testing of Tire-Derived Fuel at Baldwin Unit 1 and 2; 560 MW CycloneBoiler by Illinois Power Co.D. J. Stopek, A. K. Millis, P. L. Licklider, Illinois Power Co 865
Burning Wood in Pulverized Coal BoilersB. McCall, Jr., Santee Cooper 871
City of Lakeland - Mclntosh 3 - Nine Years Experience Co-firing RDF and CoalS. A. Bryk, Babcock & Wilcox 872
SESSION F
Combustion Systems
Cochairmen:
B. I. Morsi, University of PittsburghM. Wu, Consolidation Coal Company
A Small-Scale Combustor Emission Control SystemR. W. Breault, J. C. Balsavich, Jr., Tecogen, Inc 875
An Advanced CWS-Fired Commercial-Scale Combustor SystemR. W. Breault, A. F. Litka, Tecogen, Inc 881
Development of the Wide Range Burner to Reduce the Minimum Load ofPulverized Coal Fired BoilersK. Koyata, Y. Oki, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Institute;T. Kiga, T. Abe, Ishikawajima-Harima Hvy Ind. Co., Ltd., JAPAN 887
Pulverized Coal Combustion in O2/CO2 AtmosphereK. Koyata, T. Tanaka, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Institute;T. Kiga, K. Suzuki, Ishikawajima-Harima Hvy Ind. Co., Ltd., JAPAN 893
PRENFLO - The Ideal Process for Use in Combined Cycle PlantsW. Schellberg, GKT (Krupp Koppers) GERMANY 899
Co-Firing Coal and Gas in an Elliptical BurnerW. Palmer, Consultant 900
Combustion of Coal Gas in Advanced Gas Turbine CombustorsR. A. Battista, General Electric Co 902
Cold Flow Modeling of a Slagging Cyclone for Particulate Removal inDirect Coal-Fired Gas TurbinesH. S. Hura, Textron Defense Systems; P. J. Loftus, Arthur D. Little;R- C. Diehl, Textron Defense Systems 909
Demonstration of an Advanced High Efficiency Coal Combustion System in anOil-Designed Industrial BoilerM. J. Rini, P. L. Jennings, ABB Combustion Engineering 918
The Economics of Coal-Fired MagnetohydrodynamicsJ. Lohrasbi, G. Ashby, MSE, Inc.; F. Walter, Montana Power Co.
Heat Transfer Analysis of Advanced Concepts of Pulverized Coal CombustorsM. A. Rizk, Burns & Roe Service Co
Impact of Variation of Wall-Cooling Systems on Heat Transfer inPulverized Coal Boiler FurnacesM. A. Rizk, Burns & Roe Services Corp.; W. Richter, Consultant .
Radiological Aspects of Utilization of Solid Waste Materials fromExtraction and Combustion of CoalJ. Lebecka, Central Mining Inst.; B. Tenerowicz, Power Research &Testing Est.; J. Hycnar, State Coal Agency; M. Wysocka, Central MiningInstitute, POLAND
Application of Coal Gasification on Fuel Replacement In Power PlantsR. Guzman, Consultant, COLOMBIA
Characterisation of Calcareous Sorbents for Desulphurisation inFluidized CombustionJ. G. Petrie, University of Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA
Removal of NO, from Flue Gas Using Ammonia Radicals from Plasma JetsD. Q. Zhou, NOXSO Corp.; S. C. Yao, Department of Mechanical Engineering,Carnegie Mellon University
Combustion Performance of Blends of Low-Grade Anthracite andBituminous Coal in a Bench-Scale Stoker SimulatorS. Pisupati, B. G. Miller, J. P. Myers, A. W. Scaroni, The Combustion Laboratory,Penn State University
A Special Multistage Slagging Combustor for Direct Coal-FiredGas Turbine and Production of Fused Ca Mg P FertilizerZ.-H. Wang, Nanjing Gas Turbine Research Institute, PRC
SESSION 23
ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Coal Quality Effects on Combustion
Cochairmen:
A. Mehta, Electric Power Research InstituteS. Harding, Reaction Engineering International
Developing A Coal Quality Expert: The Prediction of Ash Deposit Effects onBoiler PerformanceD. E. Thornock, R. W. Borio, J. F. Durant, ABB Combustion Engineering
920
921
932
943
944
945
952
958
964
973
Utility Experience Blending Oklahoma and Wyoming CoalsD. Lehman, Public Service Co. of Oklahoma 974
The Impact of Ash Quantity and Quality on Boiler Performance and Power CostN. J. Deluliis, C. E. Fink, M. F. Abbott, Consolidation Coal Company 975
Cleaning of Croweburg Seam Coal to Improve Boiler PerformanceR. L. Dospoy, CQInc 981
The Combustion Evaluation of Washed and Unwashed Products from anEastern Canadian Bituminous Coal for PC and FBC Boiler ApplicationsH. Whaley, E. J. Anthony, J. K. Wong, D. L. Desai, Canada Centre forMineral and Energy Technology, CANADA 992
SESSION 24
PENNSYLVANIA ELECTRIC RESEARCH COUNCIL
Applied Combustion Research
Cochairmen:
R. P. Johnson, Pennsylvania Power & Light CompanyJ. Koepfinger, Duquesne Light Company
Coal Ash Analysis by Optical TechniquesS. Munukutla, S. Mahajan, Center for Electric Power, Tennessee TechnologicalUniversity 997
Life Extension of Power Plant Boiler Tubes by Protective CoatingsA. R. Marder, S. T. Bluni, B. J. Smith, Energy Research Center,Lehigh University 1003
Installation, Operation, and Testing of a Variable Pressure OperationRetrofit on a Boiler of Duquesne Light's Cheswick StationJ. Bartz, Electric Power Research Institute; L. N. Rubow, Gilbert/Commonwealth;E. Klatt, Duquesne Light; E. Kimel, J. Logomarsino, Burns & RoeEnterprises, Inc 1009
Vitrifying Combustion Process for Enhancement of Flyash ProductsJ. G. Hnat, W. F. Talley, L. M. Bartone, Vortec Corp 1015
Integrated SO, Control Using the Fluidized Bed Dry Coal PurifierE. K. Levy, E. Basesme, M. D'Agostini, B. Kozanoglu, D. Latkovic,Energy Research Center, Lehigh University 1021
Improved Slag and Sulfur Capture in a Gas Turbine Coal CombustorP. J. Loftus, Arthur D. Link; R. C. Diehl, H. M. Eppich, TextronDefense Systems; R. L. Bannister, P. W. Pillsbury, Westinghouse Electric 1027
X X V 1 1
SESSION 25
U.S. DOE, MORGANTOWN ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CENTER
Fluidized Bed Combustion
Cochairmen:
D. Bonk, U.S. DOE, Morgantown Energy Technology CenterF. L. Farina, Pennsylvania Electric Company
Coal Refuse Testing Program for the Design and Development of anAtmospheric Circulating Fluidized Bed Combuster and MaterialsHandling EquipmentC. R. Gagliardi, K. L. Sommerhalter, W. R. Welliver,Air Products & Chemicals, Inc 1035
Second-Generation PFBC Pilot Plant Start-UpA. Robertson, F. Burkhard, M. Torpey, J. Van Hook, F. Zoldak,Foster Wheeler Development Corp 1036
Initial Operating Experience of the Tidd PFBC Demonstration PlantJ. E. Hollback, D. A. Bauer, American Electric Power Service Corp 1046
Effect of Operating Parameters on N2O Emissions in a 1 MW-CFBCM. Mann, M. Collings, Energy & Environmental Research Center, Universityof North Dakota; P. Botros, U.S. DOE, Morgantown Energy Technology Center . . . 1047
SESSION G
On-Line Coal Monitoring Instrumentation for Quality Control
Cochairmen:
B. I. Morsi, University of PittsburghM. Wu, Consolidation Coal Company
On-Stream Coal Ash Analysers Based on Natural Gamma-Ray ActivityP. J. Mathew, CSIRO, AUSTRALIA 1059
On-line Quantitative Analysis of Coal by Transient Infrared EmissionSpectroscopyS. Luo, J. McClelland, R. W. Jones, Ames Lab, Iowa State University 1065
What's New in On-Line Coal Analysis?R. C. Woodward, R. A. Khan, R. Reeves, Gamma-Metrics 1072
An FT-IR Based Monitoring Device for NO,, SO, and ParticulatesM. A. Serio, R. M. Carangelo, P. R. Solomon, J. R. Markham,Advanced Fuel Research 1073
An On-Line Monitor for Unburned Carbon in Flue GasJ. Dykstra, R. C. Brown, Department of Mechanical Engineering,Iowa State University
SESSION H
Special Topics
Cochairmen:
B. I. Morsi, University of PittsburghM. Wu, Consolidation Coal Company
Novel Catalysts for the Synthesis of Higher Alcohols from SyngasF.-Y. Wang, Academia Sinica; S.-H. Wu, W.-P. Huang, Nankai University, D.-S. Lu,Academia Sinica, PRC
Study of Novel Heterogeneous Rhodium Catalyst for the Synthesis ofAcetic Acid from MethanolG. Yuan, M. Huang, Y. Wei, Academia Sinica, PRC
Upgrading of a Highvale Coal-Derived LiquidB. Nizinska-Bazaniak, Warsaw Univ. of Tech., POLAND; I. G. Dalla Lana, Universityof Alberta, CANADA
Emission of Low Molecular Weight Olefins and Hydrocarbons During LowTemperature Oxidation of Bituminous CoalsS. L. Grossman, National Coal Supply Corp.; S. Davidi, Ben Gurion University,H. Cohen, NRCN Chem. Dept., ISRAEL
Production of Molecular Hydrogen: A Process Correlated to the AtmosphericOxidation of Stored Bituminous CoalsS. L. Grossman, National Coal Supply Corp.; S. Davidi, Ben Gurion University;H. Cohen, NRCN Chem. Dept., ISRAEL
Catalytic Pressurized Steam Gasification of High-Ash Coals byIndustrial WastesK-C. Xie, S.-J. Zhang, Y.-F. Zhang, D.-Q. Ling, Taiyuan Universityof Technology, PRC
The Micropore Properties of the Maceral Groups and Their CharsY . - F . Z h a n g , K . - C . X i e , D . - Q . L i n g , Taiyuan University of Technology, PRC . . . .
Improvement of Permeability of Coal for Underground Coal Conversionby Application of SolventsH. J. Schloemer, M. Speicher, University of Saarland, GERMANY
Exploitation and Characterization of Coal Cores Unrelieved byOverburden PressureH. J. Schloemer, C. Wettmann, University of Saarland, GERMANY
1079
1087
1088
1094
1100
1105
1109
1110
1111
1117
XXIX
Improved Seed Germination and Plant Growth on Gold Mine Slimes Dam Production of Blast Furnace Coke by Travelling GrateMaterial Effected by Treatment with a Coal-Derived Soil Improver ; M c ultrasystems Engineers and Constructors 1186H. A. Ranwell, L. J. van der Nest, Potschefstroom University forChristian Higher Education; J. Dekker, I. J. Cronje, H. Swart,H. B. Louwrens, CSIR, SOUTH AFRICA 1123
Parametric Testing of the Electrocatalytically Induced Liberation Process AUTHORS' INDEXA. D. Paul, £ 0 5 Technologies, Inc.; C. I. Basilio, J. W. Choung. R.-H. Yoon,Virginia Center for Coal & Minerals Processing 1129
Determination of Distortional Stress-Strain Equations for Crushed CoalS. Levorson, R. Lohnes, Department of Civil & Construction Engineering andAmes Laboratory, Iowa State University 1135
Calcium Oxide Catalysis of Char OxidationC. H. Bartholomew, R. Gopalakrishnan, M. Fullwood, BYU Catalysis Laboratory,Advanced Combustion Engineering R e s e a r c h Center, B r i g h a m Young University . . . 1 1 4 0
Heterogeneous Catalysis of or-Octene Hydroformylation - Part II CatalyticBehaviors of RU. RU-CO on Zeolite CatalystsC.-Y. Wang, W. Huang, Taiyuan University of Technology, PRC 1146
Effect of Preparation Parameters on the Catalytic Properties of MO-NI-ZeoliteCarbon Dioxide Hydrogenation CatalystsC. Wang, X. Yin, A. Li, Taiyuan University of Technology, PRC 1147
Synthesis of Alcohols by Catalytic Hydrogenation of Carbon DioxideC. Wang, Y. Ji, Taiyuan University of Technology, PRC 1153
The Catalytic Synthesis of Dimethyl OxalateB. Zhang, C. Huang, T. Guo, J. Wang, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PRC 1159
Experiments with Use of Flying Ashes as Antiexplosion Protection inUnderground Coal MinesK. Lebecki, P. Krzystolik, Experimental Mine "Barbara"; J. Hycnar,State Coal Agency, POLAND 1164
The Possibility of Use of Cenospheres as Protection Mean AgainstHazards in MinesK. Lebecki, P. Krzystolik, J. Sliz, Experimental Mine "Barbara"; J. Hycnar,State Coal Agency; POLAND 1168
Clean Technology of Purification of Radium-Bearing Mine Waters byMeans of Waste Products from Fertilizer IndustryJ. Lebecka, Central Mining Institute; B. Lukasik, State Coal Agency;S. Chalupnik, Central Mining Institute, POLAND 1174
Characterization of Oxidized Coal Surfaces Using Mass SpectrometryY. Kim, A. G. Sharkey, D. M. Hercules, Department of Chemistry,University of Pittsburgh 1175
Determination of Sulfur Forms on Coal Surfaces by ESCAL. Hittle, A. G. Sharkey, M. Houalla, D. Hercules, Department of Chemistry,B. I. Morsi, Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh 1181