process of extracting oil

8/13/2019 Process of Extracting Oil

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Oil ExplorationOil is a fossil fuelthat can be found in many countries around the world. In this section, we will discuss

how oil is formed and how geologists find it.

Forming OilOil is formed from the remains of tiny plants and animals (plankton) that died in ancient seas between 10million and 600 million years ago. After the organisms died, they sank into the sand and mud at the bottom

of the sea.

Photo courtesy Institute of PetroleumOil forms from dead organisms in ancient seas.

(Clickherefor a larger image.)

Over the years, the organisms decayed in the sedimentary layers. In these

ayers, there was little or no oxygen present. So microorganisms broke the

remains into carbon-rich compounds that formed organic layers. The

organic material mixed with the sediments, forming fine-grained shale,

or source rock. As new sedimentary layers were deposited, they exerted

ntense pressure and heat on the source rock. The heat and pressure

distilled the organic material into crude oil and natural gas. The oil flowed

from the source rock and accumulated in thicker, more porous limestone orsandstone, called reservoir rock. Movements in the Earth trapped the oil and natural gas in the reservoir

rocks between layers of impermeable rock, or cap rock, such as granite or marble.

Photo courtesy Institute of PetroleumOil reservoir rocks (red) and natural gas (blue) can be trapped

by folding (left), faulting (middle) or pinching out (right).

These movements of the Earth include:

Folding- Horizontal movements press inward and move the rock layers upward into

a foldor anticline.

Faulting- The layers of rock crack, and one side shifts upward or downward.

Pinching out- A layer of impermeable rock is squeezed upward into the reservoir rock.

Photo courtesy Institute of PetroleumClose-up of reservoir rock

(oil is in black)
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Finding OilThe task of finding oil is assigned to geologists, whether employed directly by an oil company or under

contract from a private firm. Their task is to find the right conditions for an oil trap -- the right source rock,

reservoir rock and entrapment. Many years ago, geologists interpreted surface features, surface rock and

soil types, and perhaps some small core samples obtained by shallow drilling. Modern oil geologists also

examine surface rocks and terrain, with the additional help of satellite images. However, they also use avariety of other methods to find oil. They can use sensitive gravity metersto measure tiny changes in the

Earth's gravitational field that could indicate flowing oil, as well as sensitive magnetometersto measure

iny changes in the Earth's magnetic field caused by flowing oil. They can detect the smell of

hydrocarbons using sensitive electronic noses called sniffers. Finally, and most commonly, they

use seismology, creating shock waves that pass through hidden rock layers and interpreting the waves that

are reflected back to the surface.

Photo courtesy Institute of PetroleumSearching for oil over water using seismology

n seismic surveys, a shock wave is created by the following:

Compressed-air gun- shoots pulses of air into the water (for exploration over water)

Thumper truck- slams heavy plates into the ground (for exploration over land)

Explosives- drilled into the ground (for exploration over land) or thrown overboard (for

exploration over water), and detonated

The shock waves travel beneath the surface of the Earth and are reflected back by the various rock layers.

The reflections travel at different speeds depending upon the typeordensityof rock layers through which

hey must pass. The reflections of the shock waves are detected by sensitive microphones or vibration

detectors -- hydrophonesover water, seismometersover land. The readings are interpreted

by seismologistsfor signs of oil and gas traps.

Although modern oil-exploration methods are better than previous ones, they still may have only a 10-

percent success rate for finding new oil fields. Once a prospective oil strike is found, the location is

marked by GPS coordinates on land or by marker buoys on water.

Preparing to Drill


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Once the site has been selected, it must be surveyed to determine its boundaries, and environmental impact

studies may be done. Lease agreements, titles and right-of way accesses for the land must be obtained and

evaluated legally. For off-shore sites, legal jurisdiction must be determined.

Once the legal issues have been settled, the crew goes about preparing the land:

1. The land is cleared and leveled, and access roads may be built.2. Because water is used in drilling, there must be a source of water nearby. If there is no natural

source, they drill a water well.

3. They dig a reserve pit, which is used to dispose of rock cuttings and drilling mud during thedrilling process, and line it with plastic to protect the environment. If the site is an ecologically

sensitive area, such as a marsh or wilderness, then the cuttings and mud must be disposed offsite --

trucked away instead of placed in a pit.

Once the land has been prepared, several holes must be dug to make way for the rig and the main hole. A

rectangular pit, called a cellar, is dug around the location of the actual drilling hole. The cellar provides a

work space around the hole, for the workers and drilling accessories. The crew then begins drilling the

main hole, often with a small drill truck rather than the main rig. The first part of the hole is larger and

shallower than the main portion, and is lined with a large-diameter conductor pipe. Additional holes are

dug off to the side to temporarily store equipment -- when these holes are finished, the rig equipment can

be brought in and set up.

Setting Up the RigDepending upon the remoteness of the drill site and its access, equipment may be transported to the site by

ruck, helicopter or barge. Some rigs are built on ships or barges for work on inland water where there is

no foundation to support a rig (as in marshes or lakes). Once the equipment is at the site, the rig is set up.

Here are the major systems of a land oil rig:


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Anatomy of an oil rig

Power system large diesel engines- burn diesel-fuel oil to provide the main source of power

electrical generators- powered by the diesel engines to provide electrical power

Mechanical system- driven by electric motors

hoisting system- used for lifting heavy loads; consists of a mechanical winch

(drawworks) with a large steel cable spool, a block-and-tackle pulley and a receiving

storage reel for the cable

turntable- part of the drilling apparatus

Rotating equipment- used for rotary drilling

swivel- large handle that holds the weight of the drill string; allows the string to rotate and

makes a pressure-tight seal on the hole

kelly- four- or six-sided pipe that transfers rotary motion to the turntable and drill string

turntableor rotary table- drives the rotating motion using power from electric motors

drill string- consists of drill pipe(connected sections of about 30 ft / 10 m) and drill

collars(larger diameter, heavier pipe that fits around the drill pipe and places weight on the

drill bit)

drill bit(s)- end of the drill that actually cuts up the rock; comes in many shapes and

materials (tungsten carbide steel, diamond) that are specialized for various drilling tasks

and rock formations

Casing- large-diameter concrete pipe that lines the drill hole, prevents the hole from collapsing,

and allows drilling mud to circulate


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Circulation system- pumps drilling mud(mixture of water, clay,

weighting material and chemicals, used to lift rock cuttings from

the drill bit to the surface) under pressure through the kelly, rotary

table, drill pipes and drill collars

pump- sucks mud from the mud pits and pumps it to the drilling apparatus

pipes and hoses- connects pump to drilling apparatus mud-return line- returns mud from hole

shale shaker- shaker/sieve that separates rock cuttings from the mud

shale slide- conveys cuttings to the reserve pit

reserve pit- collects rock cuttings separated from the mud

mud pits- where drilling mud is mixed and recycled

mud-mixing hopper- where new mud is mixed and then sent to the mud pits

Drill-mud circulation system

Derrick- support structure that holds the drilling apparatus; tall enough to allow new sections of

drill pipe to be added to the drilling apparatus as drilling progresses

Blowout preventer- high-pressure valves (located under the land rig or on the sea floor) that seal

the high-pressure drill lines and relieve pressure when necessary to prevent a blowout

(uncontrolled gush of gas or oil to the surface, often associated with fire)

Drilling

Photo courtesy Institute of PetroleumMud circulation in the hole


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The crew sets up the rig and starts the drilling operations. First, from the

starter hole, they drill a surface hole down to a pre-set depth, which is

somewhere above where they think the oil trap is located. There are five

basic steps to drilling the surface hole:

1. Place the drill bit, collar and drill pipe in the hole.2. Attach the kelly and turntable and begin drilling.3. As drilling progresses, circulate mud through the pipe and out of

the bit to float the rock cuttings out of the hole.

4. Add new sections (joints) of drill pipes as the hole gets deeper.5. Remove (trip out) the drill pipe, collar and bit when the pre-set

depth (anywhere from a few hundred to a couple-thousand feet) is

reached.

Once they reach the pre-set depth, they must run and cement the

casing-- place casing-pipe sections into the hole to prevent it from

collapsing in on itself. The casing pipe has spacers around the outside to

keep it centered in the hole.

The casing crew puts the casing pipe in the hole. The cement crew pumps cement down the casing pipe

using a bottom plug, a cement slurry, a top plug and drill mud. The pressure from the drill mud causes the

cement slurry to move through the casing and fill the space between the outside of the casing and the hole.

Finally, the cement is allowed to harden and then tested for such properties as hardness, alignment and a

proper seal.

Drilling continues in stages: They drill, then run and cement new casings,

hen drill again. When the rock cuttings from the mud reveal the oil sandfrom the reservoir rock, they may have reached the final depth. At this

point, they remove the drilling apparatus from the hole and perform

several tests to confirm this finding:

Well logging- lowering electrical and gas sensors into the hole to

take measurements of the rock formations there

Drill-stem testing- lowering a device into the hole to measure the

pressures, which will reveal whether reservoir rock has been reached

Core samples- taking samples of rock to look for characteristics of reservoir rock

Once they have reached the final depth, the crew completes the well toallow oil to flow into the casing in a controlled manner. First, they lower

a perforating guninto the well to the production depth. The gun has

explosive charges to create holes in the casing through which oil can flow.

After the casing has been perforated, they run a small-diameter pipe

tubing) into the hole as a conduit for oil and gas to flow up the well. A

device called a packeris run down the outside of the tubing. When the

packer is set at the production level, it is expanded to form a seal around

he outside of the tubing. Finally, they connect a multi-valved structure

called a Christmas treeto the top of the tubing and cement it to the top of

he casing. The Christmas tree allows them to control the flow of oil from

he well.

Photo courtesy Phillips Petroleum Co.Rotary workers trip drill pipe

New Drilling

TechnologiesThe U.S. Department of Energyand the oil industry are workingon new ways to drill oil,including horizontal drillingtechniques, to reach oil underecologically-sensitive areas, andusing lasers to drill oil wells.

Blowouts and FiresIn the movies, you see oilgushing (a blowout), andperhaps even a fire, whendrillers reach the final depth.These are actually dangerousconditions, and are (hopefully)prevented by the blowoutpreventer and the pressure ofthe drilling mud. In most wells,the oil flow must be started byacidizing or fracturing the well.


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Once the well is completed, they must start the flow of oil into the well. For limestone reservoir rock, acid

s pumped down the well and out the perforations. The acid dissolves channels in the limestone that lead

oil into the well. For sandstone reservoir rock, a specially blended fluid containing proppants(sand,

walnut shells, aluminum pellets) is pumped down the well and out the perforations. The pressure from this

fluid makes small fractures in the sandstone that allow oil to flow into the well, while the proppants holdhese fractures open. Once the oil is flowing, the oil rig is removed from the site and production equipment

s set up to extract the oil from the well.

Extracting the OilAfter the rig is removed, a pump is placed on the well head.

Photo courtesy California Department of ConservationPump on an oil well

n the pump system, an electric motordrives a gear boxthat moves a lever. The lever pushes and pulls

a polishing rodup and down. The polishing rod is attached to a sucker rod, which is attached to a pump.

This system forces the pump up and down, creating a suction that draws oil up through the well.

n some cases, the oil may be too heavy to flow. A second hole is then drilled into the reservoir and steam

s injected under pressure. The heat from the steam thins the oil in the reservoir, and the pressure helps

push it up the well. This process is called enhanced oil recovery.


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imple diagram of a drilling rig and its basic operation

1. Mud tank

2. Shale shakers

3. Suction line(mud pump)

4. Mud pump

5. Motororpower source

6. Vibrating hose

7. Draw-works

8. Standpipe

9. Kelly hose

10.Goose-neck

11.Traveling block

12.Drill line
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13.Crown block

14.Derrick

15.Monkey board

16.Stand(of drill pipe)

17.Pipe rack(floor)

18.Swivel(On newer rigs this may be replaced by atop drive)

19.Kelly drive

20.Rotary table

21.Drill floor

22.Bell nipple

23.Blowout preventer(BOP) Annular type

24.Blowout preventer(BOP) Pipe ram & blind ram

25.Drill string

26.Drill bit

27.Casing headorWellhead

28.Flow line

Explanation[edit]

Bell nipple(#22) is a section of large diameter pipe fitted to the top of theblowout preventersthat theflow lineattaches to via

a side outlet, to allow thedrilling mudto flow back to themud tanks.

Blowout preventers(BOPs) (#23 and #24) are devices installed at the wellhead to prevent fluids and gases from

unintentionally escaping from thewellbore.#23 is theannular(often referred to as Hydrilnamed after a manufacturer), and

#24 is thepipe ramsandblind rams.

Casing head(#27) is a large metalflangewelded or screwed onto the top of theconductor pipe(also known as drive-pipe) or

thecasingand is used to bolt the surface equipment such as theblowout preventers(for well drilling) or theChristmas tree

(oil well)(for well production).

Centrifuge(not pictured) is an industrial version of the device that separates fine silt and sand from the drilling fluid. It is

typically mounted on top or just off of the mud tanks.Crown block(#13) is the stationary end of the block and tackle.

Degasser(not pictured) is a device that separates air and/or gas from the drilling fluid. It is typically mounted on top of the

mud tanks.

Derrick(#14) is the support structure for the equipment used to lower and raise thedrill stringinto and out of thewellbore.

Desander/desilter(not pictured) contains a set ofhydrocyclonesthat separate sand and silt from the drilling fluid. Typically

mounted on top of the mud tanks.

Draw-works(#7) is the mechanical section that contains the spool, whose main function is to reel in/out the drill line to

raise/lower thetraveling block.

Drill Bit(#26) is a device attached to the end of the drill string that breaks apart the rock being drilled. It contains jets through
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which the drilling fluid exits.

Drill floor(#21) is the area on the rig where the tools are located to make the connections of the drill pipe, bottom hole

assembly, tools and bit. It is considered the main area where work is performed.

Drill line(#12) is thick, stranded metal cable threaded through the two blocks (traveling and crown) to raise and lower the drill

string.

Drill pipe(#16) is a joint of hollow tubing used to connect the surface equipment to thebottom hole assembly(BHA) and acts

as a conduit for the drilling fluid. In the diagram, these arestandsof drill pipe which are 2 or 3 joints of drill pipe connected

and stoodin the derrick vertically, usually to save time whiletripping pipe.

Drill string(#25) is an assembled collection of drill pipe, heavy weight drill pipe, drill collars and any of a whole assortment of

tools, connected and run into thewellboreto facilitate the drilling of a well. The collection is referred to singularly as the drill

string.

Elevators(not pictured) are hinged devices that is used to latch to the drill pipe orcasingto facilitate the lowering or lifting (of

pipe or casing) into or out of thewellbore.

Flow line(#28) is large diameter pipe that is attached to thebell nippleand extends to theshale shakersto facilitate the flow

of drilling fluid back to the mud tanks.

Goose-neck(#10) is a thick metal elbow connected to theswivelandstandpipethat supports the weight of and provides a

downward angle for the kelly hose to hang from.

Kelly drive(#19) is a square, hexagonal or octagonal shaped tubing that is inserted through and is an integral part of

therotary tablethat moves freely vertically while the rotary table turns it.

Kelly hose(#9) is a flexible, high pressure hose that connects the standpipeto the kelly (or more specifically to the

gooseneck on the swivel above the kelly) and allows free vertical movement of the kelly, while facilitating the flow of

thedrilling fluidthrough the system and down the drill string.

Monkey board(#15) is the catwalk along the side of the derrick (usually about 35 or 40 feet above the "floor"). The monkey

board is where the derrick man works while "tripping" pipe.

Mud motor(not pictured) is a hydraulically powered device positioned just above thedrill bitused to spin the bit

independently from the rest of the drill string.

Mud pump(#4) is a reciprocal type of pump used to circulate drilling fluid through the system.

Mud tank(#1) is often called mud pits and stores drilling fluid until it is required down the wellbore.

Pipe rack(#17) is a part of thedrill floor(#21) where the stands of drill pipe are stood upright. It is typically made of a metal

frame structure with large wooden beams situated within it. The wood helps to protect the end of the drill pipe.

Rotary table(#20) rotates, along with its constituent parts, the kelly andkelly bushing,the drill string and the attached tools

and bit.

Shale shaker(#2) separatesdrill cuttingsfrom the drilling fluid before it is pumped back down thewellbore.

Stand(#16) is a section of 2 or 3 joints ofdrill pipeconnected and stoodupright in thederrick.When they are pulled out of

the hole, instead of laying down each joint of drill pipe, 2 or 3 joints are left connected and stood in the derrick to save time.

Standpipe(#8) is a thick metal tubing, situated vertically along the derrick, that facilitates the flow of drilling fluid and has

attached to it and supports one end of the kelly hose.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_floorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_floorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_pipehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_pipehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_hole_assemblyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_hole_assemblyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_hole_assemblyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stand_(drill_pipe)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stand_(drill_pipe)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stand_(drill_pipe)http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tripping_pipe&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tripping_pipe&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tripping_pipe&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_stringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_stringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellborehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellborehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellborehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevators_(drilling_rig)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevators_(drilling_rig)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casing_(borehole)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casing_(borehole)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casing_(borehole)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellborehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellborehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellborehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_nipplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_nipplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_nipplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale_shakershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale_shakershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale_shakershttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Goose-neck_(drilling_rig)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Goose-neck_(drilling_rig)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swivelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swivelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swivelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drilling_righttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drilling_righttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drilling_righttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotary_table_(drilling_rig)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotary_table_(drilling_rig)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotary_table_(drilling_rig)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_hosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_hosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rig_standpipehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rig_standpipehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drilling_fluidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drilling_fluidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drilling_fluidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monkey_board&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monkey_board&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud_motorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud_motorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drilling_bit#Well_drilling_bitshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drilling_bit#Well_drilling_bitshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drilling_bit#Well_drilling_bitshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud_pumphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud_pumphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud_tankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud_tankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipe_rackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipe_rackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_floorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_floorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_floorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotary_table_(drilling_rig)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotary_table_(drilling_rig)http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kelly_bushing&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kelly_bushing&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kelly_bushing&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale_shakerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale_shakerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_cuttingshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_cuttingshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_cuttingshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellborehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellborehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellborehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stand_(drill_pipe)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stand_(drill_pipe)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_pipehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_pipehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_pipehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derrickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derrickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derrickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Standpipe_(drilling_rig)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Standpipe_(drilling_rig)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Standpipe_(drilling_rig)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derrickhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_pipehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stand_(drill_pipe)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellborehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_cuttingshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale_shakerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kelly_bushing&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotary_table_(drilling_rig)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_floorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipe_rackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud_tankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud_pumphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drilling_bit#Well_drilling_bitshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud_motorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monkey_board&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drilling_fluidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rig_standpipehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_hosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotary_table_(drilling_rig)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_drivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drilling_righttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swivelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Goose-neck_(drilling_rig)&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale_shakershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_nipplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellborehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casing_(borehole)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevators_(drilling_rig)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellborehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_stringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tripping_pipe&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stand_(drill_pipe)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_hole_assemblyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_pipehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_linehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drill_floor


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Suction line (#3) is an intake line for the mud pump to draw drilling fluid from the mud tanks.

Swivel(#18) is the top end of the kelly that allows the rotation of the drill string without twisting the block.

Traveling block(#11) is the moving end of the block and tackle. Together, they give a significant mechanical advantage for

lifting.

Vibrating hose(#6) is a flexible, high pressure hose (similar to the kelly hose) that connects the mud pump to the stand pipe.

It is called the vibrating hosebecause it tends to vibrate and shake (sometimes violently) due to its close proximity to the

mud pumps.

Categories:

Oilfield terminology

Drilling technology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swivel_(drill_rig)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swivel_(drill_rig)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traveling_blockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traveling_blockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vibrating_hose&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vibrating_hose&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Categoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Categoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Oilfield_terminologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Oilfield_terminologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Drilling_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Drilling_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Drilling_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Oilfield_terminologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Categoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vibrating_hose&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traveling_blockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swivel_(drill_rig)

process of extracting oil

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