product and brand management
DESCRIPTION
Product and Brand ManagmentTRANSCRIPT
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PRODUCT AND BRAND
MANAGEMENT
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What is a product?
A product is any offering by a company to a market that serves to satisfy customer needs and wants.
It can be an object, service, idea,etc.
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New Product Development Most new product development is an
improvement on existing products Less than 10% of new products are
totally new concepts.
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Success rate of new products The success rate of new products is
very low – less than 5%. Product obsolescence is rapid with
improvements in technology Shorter PLCs
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Product Development Stages Idea generation Idea screening Concept development and testing Concept testing Conjoint analysis – to find out the best
valued attributes by consumers
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Business analysis
The most customer appealing offer is not always the most profitable to make
Estimate on costs, sales volumes,pricing and profit levels are made to find out the optimal price – volume mix.
Breakeven and paybacks Discounted cash flow projections
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Market testing
Test markets Test periods What information to gather? What action to take?
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Commercialization
When? (Timing) Where? (Which geographical markets) To whom? (Target markets) How? (Introductory Marketing strategy)
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Product Levels
Customer value hierarchy Core benefit Basic product Expected product Augmented product Potential product
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Customer Delight
When you exceed customer expectations
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Product Hierarchy
Need Product family Product class Product Line Product type Brand Item
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Product classification
Durable Non – durable Services
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Consumer goods classification
Convenience goods Shopping goods Specialty goods Unsought goods
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Industrial goods classification Materials and Parts
- raw materials
- manufactured materials and parts Capital items Supplies and business services
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Product Mix The assortment of products that a
company offers to a market Width – how many different product lines? Length – the number of items in the
product mix Depth – The no. of variants offered in a
product line Consistency – how closely the product
lines are related in usage
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Product Line decisions Product rationalization Market rationalization Product line length
too long – when profits increase by dropping a product in the line
too short – when profits increase by adding products to the product line
Line pruning – capacity restrictions to decide
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Brand
A name becomes a brand when consumers associate it with a set of tangible and intangible benefits that they obtain from the product or service
It is the seller’s promise to deliver the same bundle of benefits/services consistently to buyers
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Brand Equity
When a commodity becomes a brand, it is said to have equity.
The premium a brand can command in the market
The difference between the perceived value and the intrinsic value
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Levels of meaning
Attributes Benefits Values Culture Personality Users
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Brand Power Customer will change brands for price
reasons Customer is satisfied. No reason to
change. Customer is satisfied and would take
pains to get the brand Customer values the brand and sees it
as a friend Customer is devoted to the brand
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Brand Equity – Competitive Advantages Reduced marketing costs Trade leverage Can charge a higher price Can easily launch brand extensions Can take some price competition
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Managing Brand Equity
Brand Equity needs to be nourished and replenished. We must not flog the brand for equity to be diluted or dissipated
Store brands
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Advantages of branding Easy for the seller to track down problems
and process orders Provide legal protection of unique product
features Branding gives an opportunity to attract loyal
and profitable set of customers It helps to give a product category at different
segments, having separate bundle of benefits It helps build corporate image It minimises harm to company reputation if
the brand fails
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Brand parity
Consumers buy from a set of acceptable/ preferred brands
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Umbrella Brand Products from different categories under
one brand Dangerous to the brand if the principal
brand fails Sometimes the company name is
prefixed to the brand. In such cases the company name gives it legitimacy. The product name individualises it.
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Naming the Brand
Product benefits Product qualities Easy to pronounce Should be distinctive Should not have poor meanings in other
languages and countries
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Brand strategy Line extension – existing brand name
extended to new sizes in the existing product category
Brand extension – brand name extended to new product categories
Multibrands – new brands in the same product category
New brands – new product in a different product category
Cobrands –brands bearing two or more well known brand names
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Brand Repositioning
This may be required after a few years to face new competition and changing customer preferences
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Packaging
Includes the activities of designing and producing the container for a product
Packaging is done at three levels
- primary
- secondary
- shipping
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Packaging as a marketing tool
Self service Consumer affluence Company and brand image innovation
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Designing packaging Packaging concepts Technical specifications Engineering tests Visual tests Dealer tests Consumer tests Packaging innovations Environmental considerations
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Labels
Identification Grade classification Description of product Manufacturer identity Date of mfg., batch no. Instructions for use Promotion
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Labels as a marketing tool Labels need to change with time or
packaging changes to give it a contemporary and fresh look