product carbon footprinting international standards - ictsd · pdf fileghg protocol, pas 2050...

Product Carbon Footprinting

International Standards

Dr. Barbara Nebel, PE INTERNATIONAL

1. Introduction

2. Overview of standards

3. Examples

4. Conclusions

Introduction

3 14.12.2011

4 14.12.2011

Standards

Guidelines

Protocols

Specifications

Regulations

5 14.12.2011

International

National

Governments

NGOs

Industry groups

Dimension Life Cycle

Planning Raw

materials

Production Construction Operation Waste Recycling

6 14.12.2011

Unilever

7 14.12.2011

Levi Strauss & Co

8 14.12.2011

Reasons for undertaking Carbon Footprinting studies

Internal benchmark

Development of new products

Improvement of existing products

Purchase/investment decisions

Raw material selection

Transport decisions

Contribute to overall sustainability strategy

Policy development

Marketing

Ecolable

Engagement with suppliers

9 14.12.2011

1. Introduction


3. Examples

4. Conclusions

International standards and

guidelines

Overview of standards

11

ISO 14040/44

Industry specific

guidelines

GHG protocol

Carbon

ISO DIS 14067.1

Carbon

PAS 2050:2011

Carbon

ISO 14025

ISO DIS 14046.1

Water

Product category

rules

Product category

rules

Supplementary requirements

12 12

ISO 14040 and 14044

Published in 2006

(Initial standards published in 1996)

Framework for LCA

Goal and Scope definition

Inventory Analysis

Impact Assessment

Interpretation

Environmental impacts

PAS 2050:2011

13 14.12.2011

British Standards Institute

First published in 2008

Revised version 2011

Reference to ISO 14040 and 14044

“PAS 2050 builds on existing life cycle

assessment methods established

through BS EN ISO 14040 and BS EN

ISO 14044 by specifying requirements

for the assessment of the life cycle GHG

emissions of goods and services.”

Greenhouse Gas Protocol Initiative

Product Accounting & Reporting Standard

The Product Standard was published in

September 2011

Road tested in over 70 companies


“The Product Standard builds on the

framework and requirements established

in the ISO LCA standards (14040:2006,

Life Cycle Assessment: Principles and

Framework and 14044:2006, Life Cycle

Assessment: Requirements and

Guidelines) and PAS 2050, with the

intent of providing additional

specifications and guidance to facilitate

the consistent quantification and public

reporting of product life cycle GHG

inventories.”

14 14.12.2011

Product Carbon Footprinting ISO standard

DRAFT ISO CD 14067.3

ISO CD 14067.3

Committee Draft 3

DIS in December

Expected to be released late 2012


“This International Standard specifies

principles and requirements for studies

to quantify and communicate the carbon

footprint of a product (CFP), based on

existing life cycle assessment (ISO

14040 series) and environmental labels

and declaration (ISO 14020 series)

standards.”

15 14.12.2011

ISO 14025

ISO 14025 Environmental labels and

declarations -- Type III environmental

declarations -- Principles and

procedures

Type III environmental declarations

present quantified environmental

information on the life cycle of a product

to enable comparisons between

products fulfilling the same function.

Such declarations ... are based on

independently verified life cycle

assessment (LCA) data, life cycle

inventory analysis (LCI) data or

information modules in accordance

with the ISO 14040 series of

standards and, where relevant,

additional environmental information.

Product category rules for product

groups

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Sector Specific Guideline

International Dairy Federation

Bulletin of the International Dairy

Federation 445/2010

Guideline prepared at request of 56

IDF member countries

Sector specific guidance

“Calculation of the carbon footprint of

a product using LCA methodology

should be based on the ISO 14000

series, specifically ISO 14040, ISO

14044, and in future ISO 14067; the

recommendations of PAS 2050

should also be taken into account

where advised in this document.”

IDF closely liaised with WBCSG

(GHG protocol)

17 14.12.2011

GHG protocol, PAS 2050, ISO 14067

Difference to ISO 14040/44

ISO 14040/44 provides methodological framework

GHG protocol, PAS 2050 and ISO 14067 (in future) establish additional principles and

techniques that

address essential aspects of GHG assessment, including:

scope of greenhouse gases to be included;

treatment of emissions from land use change, soil carbon change, and biogenic

and fossil carbon sources;

treatment of the impact of carbon storage in products, and offsetting;

requirements for the treatment of GHG emissions arising from specific processes,

e.g. green electricity;

data requirements and accounting for emissions from renewable energy

generation;

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What standard to choose?

Do you want to

... Get started understanding your Carbon Footprint?

... Use results for internal work only?

... Communicate results to third parties?

19 14.12.2011

Horses for courses...

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Examples

1. Introduction


3. Examples

4. Conclusions

Ministry for Agriculture and Forestry – New Zealand

GHG strategy for the land-based primary sector

The strategy seeks to position New Zealand‟s land-based primary sectors to respond to

significant and increasing pressure by key export markets for information on the GHG-

intensity for primary products

Pilot studies include:

Forestry

Apples

Lamb

Venison

Dairy

Berryfruit

Onions

Kiwifruit

Wine

Etc.

Further information: http://www.maf.govt.nz/environment-natural-resources/climate-

change/greenhouse-gas-footprinting-strategy

http://www.maf.govt.nz/environment-natural-resources/climate-change/greenhouse-gas-footprinting-strategy













Greenhouse Gas Emissions of the Forestry Sector in

New Zealand

Greenhouse Gas emissions of the Forestry Sector in

New Zealand

Julie Sandilands, Barbara Nebel, Carolyn Hodgson,

Peter Hall

Methodology report

Forestry GHG emissions

Pulp and Paper Carbon Footprint Guidelines

Sawmill Carbon Footprint Guidelines

Engineered Wood Products Carbon Footprint

Guidelines

Forestry Carbon Footprint Guidelines

23 14.12.2011

Goal and Scope

Goals of the study

To evaluate the carbon footprint of log production from New Zealand‟s radiata

pine plantation forests;

To identify the global warming potential of harvested wood, to allow for

carbon footprint calculations of wood based products.

To provide an example and benchmark for a GHG footprint of forestry

operations

Functional Unit

1 m3 of radiata pine in log form under bark

= 1 tonne green logs

= 450 kg oven dried wood

System boundary

Included: Transport of Workers; Forest Roading;

Excluded: Capital Goods; Soil Carbon.

Scion 2011

Sandilands, J.; Nebel, B.; Hodgson, C.; Hall, P.

Goal and Scope

Forestry

Sector

Nursery

Cuttings

Seedlings

Land

Preparation

Forest

Establishment

Forest

Tending Harvesting Cartage

Chemical Land

Preparation

Mechanical

Land

Preparation

Road

Building

Planting

Fertilising

Releasing

Pruning

Thinning

Dothistroma

Control

Infrastructure

Felling

Skidding

Hauling

Log-making

Loading/

Stacking

Transport to

Sawmill

Scion 2011


Data Sources

Data sources

Ecological Footprint Plus (EF+) project

2005 base year

Upstream databases

Professional Judgement

Assumptions – verified by industry

Production rates

Diesel in Machinery

Man hours

Production rates

Tending regimes

Harvesting systems

Fuel use in Cartage

Industry Verification

Scion 2011


Harvesting systems

Ground-based Manual Ground-based Mechanical

Process Machinery Process Machinery

Manual Felling 2 chainsaws Mechanised Felling 1 feller buncher/

delimber (excavator)

Skidding 1 skidder Skidding 2 skidders

Log Making 2 chainsaws Log Making 1 processor

1 chainsaw

Loading/Stacking 2 loaders (excavators) Loading/Stacking 2 loaders (excavators)

Crew size 8 Crew size 8

Hauler Manual Hauler Mechanical

Process Machinery Process Machinery

Manual Felling 2 chainsaws Manual Felling 2 chainsaws

Hauling 1 hauler Hauling 1 hauler

Log Making 2 chainsaws Log Making 1 processor

Loading/Stacking 2 loaders (excavators) Loading/Stacking 2 loaders (excavators)

Crew size 10 Crew size 8

Scion 2011


Inventory – Releasing per hectare

Process Input Quantity Unit Comments

Transport of

workers

Diesel 0.76 l

Oil 0.006 l

Aviation

Kerosene 1.58 l

Oil 0.002 l

Chemicals

Hexazinone 0.408 kg Modelled as

Hexamethylenediamine

Terbuthylazine 2.31 kg Modelled as Methyl-

isobutylketone.

Water 72.3 l

Scion 2011


Harvest

50.2%

Cartage

42.0%

Forest Establishment

3.1%

Forest Tending

3.5%

Nursery

0.1%

Land Preparation

1.1%

Global warming potential of forestry by stage

(1m3 harvested wood)

Forestry stage Nursery

Land

preparation

Forest

establishment

Forest

tending Harvest Cartage Total

GWP (kg CO2-Equiv.) 0.02 0.2 0.5 0.6 8.6 7.2 17.2

Scion 2011


Hauling

22%Skidding

12%

Loading/Stacking

27%

Logmaking

11%

Felling (Manual)

2%

Felling (Mechanised)

2%

Infrastructure

20%

Transport of Workers

4%

Percentage contribution of harvesting processes

to the global warming potential of harvesting

Scion 2011


Domestic and Exported Logs

Scion 2011


IT’S YOUR TURN

Process Input/Output Quantity

/ year Unit

Quantity/

hectare

Default

Quantity

/ hectare

Emission

Factor

(kg CO2

equiv./„Unit‟)

Emissions/

hectare

(quantity/

hectare*

emission factor)

Total area released ha - - - -

Transport of

workers

(spot

releasing)

Diesel l 0.76 2.99

Oil l 6.4E-3 2.38

Aviation

(aerial

releasing)

Kerosene l 1.6 2.52

Oil l 1.5E-3 2.38

Chemicals

Hexazinone kg 0.41 *

Terbuthylazine

Valzine 500 kg 2.3 *

Other Inputs As required

Total Emissions

Scion 2011


Greenhouse Gas Footprint Study for

Exported New Zealand Lamb

AgResearch March 2010

Ledgard, S.F., Lieffering, M., McDevitt,

J., Boyes, M. and Kemp, R.

33 14.12.2011

Carbon Footprint of NZ Lamb

Objectives:

To provide a unique, unprecedented benchmark from which all in the industry can

understand the carbon footprint for New Zealand lamb consumed in the European

market, specifically the United Kingdom.

To enable every participant in the New Zealand lamb industry supply chain to better

understand and improve their emissions performance.

To provide simple tools for members of the supply chain to understand the impact that

different operational decisions (effort and investment) would have on the carbon

footprint of lamb.

Methodology:

This study has used the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach and is consistent with

the PAS2050 published standard for greenhouse gas footprinting. Life cycle

assessment seeks to examine the impacts of a product from production to

consumption.


Ledgard, S.F., Lieffering, M., McDevitt, J., Boyes, M. and Kemp, R.

34 14.12.2011

Methodological aspects

Functional unit:

100 gram portion of raw, purchased meat as the functional unit under consideration

Allocation:

In this study we have used biophysical allocation between different animal types on

farm, based on the amount of feed they consumed. Economic allocation was used

between lamb meat, mutton and wool and also at the meat processing stage between

meat and non-meat products.



35 14.12.2011

Carbon sequestration

Carbon stores can be accumulated in sheep and beef farming in the growing of shelter

belts, the reversion of marginal land into native bush or the planting of steeper land with

trees for erosion prevention

There is also a significant amount of research underway aimed at understanding the

performance and potential of pastoral soils in accumulating soil carbon. Soil carbon

sequestration is not thoroughly understood by scientists at this time.

In the present study, the net emissions from sheep and beef farms were estimated in a

manner consistent with the New Zealand GHG Inventory as reported to the UNFCCC.

This approach does not consider sequestration, either through growth of trees on farms

or accumulation of carbon in soils.



36 14.12.2011

Results



37 14.12.2011

Results – On Farm

On farm, the largest specific contributors to emissions are natural processes associated

with sheep utilising pasture as a feed source. These natural processes include methane

from rumen digestion of pasture (via belching – 57% of total footprint) and nitrous oxide

from animal excreta on soil (15% of total footprint).

Oceanic shipping of meat from New Zealand to Europe in refrigerated containers, at

nearly 5% of total, is over 90% of the overall commercial transportation contribution to

the total GHG footprint.

The consumer-related components of the footprint are estimated to account for 12% of

the total GHG footprint (increasing to 19% if travel to and from the supermarket is

included).



38 14.12.2011

Conclusions

1. Introduction


3. Examples

4. Conclusions

Conclusion

Different standards and guidelines are available

All based on principles of ISO 14040/44

Slight methodological differences, but will in most cases not results in

significantly different results

Additional guidance for carbon related topics in

PAS 2050:2008

GHG protocol standard for products

ISO DIS 14067.1

IDF methodology

Not only choice of standard will influence credibility and robustness of results

Background data

Assumptions

External review

40 14.12.2011

Application of standards for Carbon Footprinting

Provide a level playing field for quantification of GHG emissions

Support correct and comparable communication of Carbon Footprints in the

market place

Enhance credibility, consistency and transparency of the quantification of

Carbon Footprints

Offers organizations a method to deliver improved understanding of the GHG

emissions arising from their supply chains

Enable meaningful GHG emission reduction programmes

Facilitate the development and implementation of GHG management

strategies

41 14.12.2011

42 14.12.2011

Dr Barbara Nebel

[email protected]

www.pe-international.com

Acknowledgement

Thank you to SIS for

organising and SECO

for funding this

session.

product carbon footprinting international standards - ictsd · pdf fileghg protocol, pas 2050...

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